{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T23:54:05Z","timestamp":1773186845594,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.101444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T14:30:32Z","timestamp":1768314632000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Early Postmortem Changes in Pancreas: An Antemortem and Postmortem Computed Tomography Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Terumi","family":"Umeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shohei","family":"Inui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satori","family":"Gonoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Gonoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Katayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Go","family":"Shirota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Nyunoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Kurokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomasa","family":"Okimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masumi","family":"Takahashi-Mizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Ushiku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS2002166","article-title":"Virtopsy, a new imaging horizon in forensic pathology: virtual autopsy by postmortem multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)--a feasibility study","volume":"48","author":"Thali MJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Thali MJ, Yen K, Schweitzer W, et al.. Virtopsy, a new imaging horizon in forensic pathology: virtual autopsy by postmortem multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)--a feasibility study. J Forensic Sci. 2003, 48:386-403.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2008.05.008","article-title":"Post-mortem radiology--a new sub-speciality?","volume":"63","author":"O'Donnell C","year":"2008","unstructured":"O'Donnell C, Woodford N. Post-mortem radiology--a new sub-speciality?. Clin Radiol. 2008, 63:1189-94. 10.1016\/j.crad.2008.05.008","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2010.11.4.395","article-title":"Utility of postmortem autopsy via whole-body imaging: initial observations comparing MDCT and 3.0 T MRI findings with autopsy findings","volume":"11","author":"Cha JG","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cha JG, Kim DH, Kim DH, et al.. Utility of postmortem autopsy via whole-body imaging: initial observations comparing MDCT and 3.0 T MRI findings with autopsy findings. Korean J Radiol. 2010, 11:395-406. 10.3348\/kjr.2010.11.4.395","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61483-9","article-title":"Post-mortem imaging as an alternative to autopsy in the diagnosis of adult deaths: a validation study","volume":"379","author":"Roberts IS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roberts IS, Benamore RE, Benbow EW, et al.. Post-mortem imaging as an alternative to autopsy in the diagnosis of adult deaths: a validation study. Lancet. 2012, 379:136-42. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61483-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2010.05.005","article-title":"Clinical radiology and postmortem imaging (Virtopsy) are not the same: specific and unspecific postmortem signs","volume":"12","author":"Christe A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christe A, Flach P, Ross S, Spendlove D, Bolliger S, Vock P, Thali MJ. Clinical radiology and postmortem imaging (Virtopsy) are not the same: specific and unspecific postmortem signs. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2010, 12:215-22. 10.1016\/j.legalmed.2010.05.005","journal-title":"Leg Med (Tokyo)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2015.16.4.798","article-title":"Common postmortem computed tomography findings following atraumatic death: differentiation between normal postmortem changes and pathologic lesions","volume":"16","author":"Ishida M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ishida M, Gonoi W, Okuma H, et al.. Common postmortem computed tomography findings following atraumatic death: differentiation between normal postmortem changes and pathologic lesions. Korean J Radiol. 2015, 16:798-809. 10.3348\/kjr.2015.16.4.798","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.67306","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of GPT-4o and Claude 3 Opus in determining causes of death from medical histories and postmortem CT findings","volume":"16","author":"Ishida M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ishida M, Gonoi W, Nyunoya K, et al.. Diagnostic performance of GPT-4o and Claude 3 Opus in determining causes of death from medical histories and postmortem CT findings. Cureus. 2024, 16:e67306. 10.7759\/cureus.67306","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143848","article-title":"Brain swelling and loss of gray and white matter differentiation in human postmortem cases by computed tomography","volume":"10","author":"Shirota G","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shirota G, Gonoi W, Ishida M, et al.. Brain swelling and loss of gray and white matter differentiation in human postmortem cases by computed tomography. PLoS One. 2015, 10:e0143848. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0143848","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076026","article-title":"Heart wall is thicker on postmortem computed tomography than on antemortem [corrected] computed tomography: the first longitudinal study","volume":"8","author":"Okuma H","year":"2013","unstructured":"Okuma H, Gonoi W, Ishida M, Shintani Y, Takazawa Y, Fukayama M, Ohtomo K. Heart wall is thicker on postmortem computed tomography than on antemortem [corrected] computed tomography: the first longitudinal study. PLoS One. 2013, 8:e76026. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0076026","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-013-0955-z","article-title":"Greater thickness of the aortic wall on postmortem computed tomography compared with antemortem computed tomography: the first longitudinal study","volume":"128","author":"Okuma H","year":"2014","unstructured":"Okuma H, Gonoi W, Ishida M, Shintani Y, Takazawa Y, Fukayama M, Ohtomo K. Greater thickness of the aortic wall on postmortem computed tomography compared with antemortem computed tomography: the first longitudinal study. Int J Legal Med. 2014, 128:987-93. 10.1007\/s00414-013-0955-z","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-014-0449-1","article-title":"Early postmortem volume reduction of adrenal gland: initial longitudinal computed tomographic study","volume":"120","author":"Ishida M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ishida M, Gonoi W, Hagiwara K, et al.. Early postmortem volume reduction of adrenal gland: initial longitudinal computed tomographic study. Radiol Med. 2015, 120:662-9. 10.1007\/s11547-014-0449-1","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-019-00841-3","article-title":"Postmortem volume change of the spleen and kidney on early postmortem computed tomography: comparison with antemortem computed tomography","volume":"37","author":"Takahashi N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Takahashi N, Yajima K, Otaki M, et al.. Postmortem volume change of the spleen and kidney on early postmortem computed tomography: comparison with antemortem computed tomography. Jpn J Radiol. 2019, 37:534-42. 10.1007\/s11604-019-00841-3","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-016-1337-0","article-title":"Comparison of volume and attenuation of the spleen between postmortem and antemortem computed tomography","volume":"130","author":"Okuma H","year":"2016","unstructured":"Okuma H, Gonoi W, Ishida M, et al.. Comparison of volume and attenuation of the spleen between postmortem and antemortem computed tomography. Int J Legal Med. 2016, 130:1081-7. 10.1007\/s00414-016-1337-0","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Early postmortem changes in liver volume and CT value: an antemortem and postmortem computed tomography study","volume":"7","author":"Fujimoto K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fujimoto K, Gonoi W, Ishida M, et al.. Early postmortem changes in liver volume and CT value: an antemortem and postmortem computed tomography study. Int J Radiol Med Imag. 2021, 7:131.","journal-title":"Int J Radiol Med Imag"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2011.08.003","article-title":"Postmortem changes of the thyroid on computed tomography","volume":"13","author":"Ishida M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ishida M, Gonoi W, Hagiwara K, Takazawa Y, Akahane M, Fukayama M, Ohtomo K. Postmortem changes of the thyroid on computed tomography. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2011, 13:318-22. 10.1016\/j.legalmed.2011.08.003","journal-title":"Leg Med (Tokyo)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12745","article-title":"The ageing pancreas: a systematic review of the evidence and analysis of the consequences","volume":"283","author":"L\u00f6hr JM","year":"2018","unstructured":"L\u00f6hr JM, Panic N, Vujasinovic M, Verbeke CS. The ageing pancreas: a systematic review of the evidence and analysis of the consequences. J Intern Med. 2018, 283:446-60. 10.1111\/joim.12745","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199001000-00013","article-title":"Postmortem autolysis in the pancreas: multivariate statistical study. The influence of clinicopathological conditions","volume":"5","author":"Shimizu M","year":"1990","unstructured":"Shimizu M, Hayashi T, Saitoh Y, Ohta K, Itoh H. Postmortem autolysis in the pancreas: multivariate statistical study. The influence of clinicopathological conditions. Pancreas. 1990, 5:91-4. 10.1097\/00006676-199001000-00013","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2003.09.001","article-title":"Ultrastructural changes during in situ early postmortem autolysis in kidney, pancreas, liver, heart and skeletal muscle of rats","volume":"6","author":"Tomita Y","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tomita Y, Nihira M, Ohno Y, Sato S. Ultrastructural changes during in situ early postmortem autolysis in kidney, pancreas, liver, heart and skeletal muscle of rats. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2004, 6:25-31. 10.1016\/j.legalmed.2003.09.001","journal-title":"Leg Med (Tokyo)"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Histological study of early postmortem changes in various organs: comparison of the paraffin embedding method and the epoxy resin embedding method (Article in Japanese)","volume":"53","author":"Tomita Y","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tomita Y, Nihira M, Ohno Y, Sato S. Histological study of early postmortem changes in various organs: comparison of the paraffin embedding method and the epoxy resin embedding method (Article in Japanese). Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi. 1999, 53:207-17.","journal-title":"Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00806404","article-title":"Electron microscopic and autoradiographic study of the pancreas at different times of postmortem ischemia","volume":"85","author":"Medvetski\u012d EB","year":"1978","unstructured":"Medvetski\u012d EB, Ke\u012dsevich LV. Electron microscopic and autoradiographic study of the pancreas at different times of postmortem ischemia. Biull Eksp Biol Med. 1978, 85:610-3.","journal-title":"Biull Eksp Biol Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.26.4.406","article-title":"Comparative radiological and morphological study of human pancreas. Pancreatitis like changes in postmortem ductograms and their morphological pattern. Possible implication for ERCP","volume":"26","author":"Schmitz-Moormann P","year":"1985","unstructured":"Schmitz-Moormann P, Himmelmann GW, Brandes JW, et al.. Comparative radiological and morphological study of human pancreas. Pancreatitis like changes in postmortem ductograms and their morphological pattern. Possible implication for ERCP. Gut. 1985, 26:406-14. 10.1136\/gut.26.4.406","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2018.1496015","article-title":"Pancreas volume in health and disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"DeSouza SV","year":"2018","unstructured":"DeSouza SV, Singh RG, Yoon HD, Murphy R, Plank LD, Petrov MS. Pancreas volume in health and disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018, 12:757-66. 10.1080\/17474124.2018.1496015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Pancreatic fibrosis in chronic alcoholics and nonalcoholics without clinical pancreatitis","volume":"79","author":"Pitchumoni CS","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pitchumoni CS, Glasser M, Saran RM, Panchacharam P, Thelmo W. Pancreatic fibrosis in chronic alcoholics and nonalcoholics without clinical pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1984, 79:382-8.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-010-0999-0","article-title":"Pancreatic neuroma-like lesions after upper abdominal surgery: a clinicopathological postmortem study","volume":"457","author":"Matsukuma S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Matsukuma S, Sato K. Pancreatic neuroma-like lesions after upper abdominal surgery: a clinicopathological postmortem study. Virchows Arch. 2010, 457:651-7. 10.1007\/s00428-010-0999-0","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-019-02236-4","article-title":"CT imaging, classification, and complications of acute pancreatitis","volume":"45","author":"Fung C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fung C, Svystun O, Fouladi DF, Kawamoto S. CT imaging, classification, and complications of acute pancreatitis. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2020, 45:1243-52. 10.1007\/s00261-019-02236-4","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.06.002","article-title":"CT findings in autoimmune pancreatitis: assessment using multiphase contrast-enhanced multisection CT","volume":"65","author":"Suzuki K","year":"2010","unstructured":"Suzuki K, Itoh S, Nagasaka T, Ogawa H, Ota T, Naganawa S. CT findings in autoimmune pancreatitis: assessment using multiphase contrast-enhanced multisection CT. Clin Radiol. 2010, 65:735-43. 10.1016\/j.crad.2010.06.002","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-017-0585-y","article-title":"CT imaging of primary pancreatic lymphoma: experience from three referral centres for pancreatic diseases","volume":"9","author":"Boninsegna E","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boninsegna E, Zamboni GA, Facchinelli D, et al.. CT imaging of primary pancreatic lymphoma: experience from three referral centres for pancreatic diseases. Insights Imaging. 2018, 9:17-24. 10.1007\/s13244-017-0585-y","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.10.083","article-title":"Reduced pancreatic volume and beta-cell area in patients with chronic pancreatitis","volume":"136","author":"Schrader H","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schrader H, Menge BA, Schneider S, et al.. Reduced pancreatic volume and beta-cell area in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2009, 136:513-22. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.10.083","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000000941","article-title":"Fatty pancreas: should we be concerned?","volume":"46","author":"Majumder S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Majumder S, Philip NA, Takahashi N, Levy MJ, Singh VP, Chari ST. Fatty pancreas: should we be concerned?. Pancreas. 2017, 46:1251-8. 10.1097\/MPA.0000000000000941","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23217","article-title":"Quantitative determination of pancreas size using anatomical landmarks and its clinical relevance: a systematic literature review","volume":"31","author":"Desouza SV","year":"2018","unstructured":"Desouza SV, Yoon HD, Singh RG, Petrov MS. Quantitative determination of pancreas size using anatomical landmarks and its clinical relevance: a systematic literature review. Clin Anat. 2018, 31:913-26. 10.1002\/ca.23217","journal-title":"Clin Anat"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/450327-early-postmortem-changes-in-pancreas-an-antemortem-and-postmortem-computed-tomography-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T14:30:34Z","timestamp":1768314634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/450327-early-postmortem-changes-in-pancreas-an-antemortem-and-postmortem-computed-tomography-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.101444","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]}}}