{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T04:25:52Z","timestamp":1768364752234,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.101463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T21:08:47Z","timestamp":1768338527000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Brain Metastasis After Curative Resection of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Ohta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kasumi","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaoru","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-023-02990-y","article-title":"Recent advances in non-small cell lung cancer targeted therapy; an update review","volume":"23","author":"Araghi M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Araghi M, Mannani R, Heidarnejad Maleki A, et al.. Recent advances in non-small cell lung cancer targeted therapy; an update review. Cancer Cell Int. 2023, 23:162. 10.1186\/s12935-023-02990-y","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-19-0221","article-title":"Cancer progress and priorities: lung cancer","volume":"28","author":"Schabath MB","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schabath MB, Cote ML. Cancer progress and priorities: lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019, 28:1563-79. 10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-19-0221","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(25)00082-8","article-title":"Low-dose CT for lung cancer screening in a high-risk population (SUMMIT): a prospective, longitudinal cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Bhamani A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bhamani A, Creamer A, Verghese P, et al.. Low-dose CT for lung cancer screening in a high-risk population (SUMMIT): a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2025, 26:609-19. 10.1016\/S1470-2045(25)00082-8","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/vats-22-28","article-title":"Follow up and surveillance post lung cancer surgery: a narrative review","volume":"8","author":"Philip B","year":"2023","unstructured":"Philip B, Jain A, Ramesh P, et al.. Follow up and surveillance post lung cancer surgery: a narrative review. Video-Assist Thorac Surg. 2023, 8:2. 10.21037\/vats-22-28","journal-title":"Video-Assist Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2024.101181","article-title":"Survival and quality of life after first-time diagnosis of brain metastases: a multicenter, prospective, observational study","volume":"49","author":"Yri OE","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yri OE, Astrup GL, Karlsson AT, et al.. Survival and quality of life after first-time diagnosis of brain metastases: a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2025, 49:101181. 10.1016\/j.lanepe.2024.101181","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.70107","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of lung cancer metastasis: sites, rates, survival, and risk factors\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Wang S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang S, Tang W, Jin F, Luo H, Yang H, Wang Y. Comprehensive analysis of lung cancer metastasis: sites, rates, survival, and risk factors\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Respir J. 2025, 19:e70107. 10.1111\/crj.70107","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02243-6","article-title":"Advances in molecular pathology and therapy of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"10","author":"Huang Q","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang Q, Li Y, Huang Y, et al.. Advances in molecular pathology and therapy of non-small cell lung cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025, 10:186. 10.1038\/s41392-025-02243-6","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082473","article-title":"Clinicopathological factors related to recurrence patterns of resected non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"9","author":"Shimizu R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shimizu R, Kinoshita T, Sasaki N, et al.. Clinicopathological factors related to recurrence patterns of resected non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Med. 2020, 9:3. 10.3390\/jcm9082473","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-6621-1","article-title":"Clinicopathological variables influencing overall survival, recurrence and post-recurrence survival in resected stage I non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"20","author":"Wang C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang C, Wu Y, Shao J, Liu D, Li W. Clinicopathological variables influencing overall survival, recurrence and post-recurrence survival in resected stage I non-small-cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer. 2020, 20:150. 10.1186\/s12885-020-6621-1","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00161","article-title":"Mechanisms and therapy for cancer metastasis to the brain","volume":"8","author":"Franchino F","year":"2018","unstructured":"Franchino F, Rud\u00e0 R, Soffietti R. Mechanisms and therapy for cancer metastasis to the brain. Front Oncol. 2018, 8:161. 10.3389\/fonc.2018.00161","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2022.02.003","article-title":"Radiation therapy for brain metastases: an ASTRO clinical practice guideline","volume":"12","author":"Gondi V","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gondi V, Bauman G, Bradfield L, et al.. Radiation therapy for brain metastases: an ASTRO clinical practice guideline. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2022, 12:265-82. 10.1016\/j.prro.2022.02.003","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Stang A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010, 25:603-5. 10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25254","article-title":"Factors associated with the development of brain metastases: analysis of 975 patients with early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer","volume":"116","author":"Hubbs JL","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hubbs JL, Boyd JA, Hollis D, Chino JP, Saynak M, Kelsey CR. Factors associated with the development of brain metastases: analysis of 975 patients with early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer. 2010, 116:5038-46. 10.1002\/cncr.25254","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2013.838946","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in stage I non-small cell lung cancer that underwent anatomic resection: the role of a recurrence promoter","volume":"11","author":"Kuo CH","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuo CH, Wu CY, Lee KY, et al.. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in stage I non-small cell lung cancer that underwent anatomic resection: the role of a recurrence promoter. COPD. 2014, 11:407-13. 10.3109\/15412555.2013.838946","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2015.02.006","article-title":"A nomogram to predict brain metastasis as the first relapse in curatively resected non-small cell lung cancer patients","volume":"88","author":"Won YW","year":"2015","unstructured":"Won YW, Joo J, Yun T, et al.. A nomogram to predict brain metastasis as the first relapse in curatively resected non-small cell lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer. 2015, 88:201-7. 10.1016\/j.lungcan.2015.02.006","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-016-5206-3","article-title":"A nomogram to predict brain metastases of resected non-small cell lung cancer patients","volume":"23","author":"Zhang F","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang F, Zheng W, Ying L, Wu J, Wu S, Ma S, Su D. A nomogram to predict brain metastases of resected non-small cell lung cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016, 23:3033-9. 10.1245\/s10434-016-5206-3","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32981","article-title":"Development and validation of a five-gene model to predict postoperative brain metastasis in operable lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"147","author":"Fu F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fu F, Zhang Y, Gao Z, et al.. Development and validation of a five-gene model to predict postoperative brain metastasis in operable lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer. 2020, 147:584-92. 10.1002\/ijc.32981","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2020.01.007","article-title":"Micropapillary pattern is associated with the development of brain metastases and the reduction of survival time in EGFR-mutation lung adenocarcinoma patients with surgery","volume":"141","author":"Li C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li C, Shen Y, Hu F, et al.. Micropapillary pattern is associated with the development of brain metastases and the reduction of survival time in EGFR-mutation lung adenocarcinoma patients with surgery. Lung Cancer. 2020, 141:72-7. 10.1016\/j.lungcan.2020.01.007","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2020.02.72","article-title":"Risk factors of brain metastases as initial failure in completely resected stage IIIA(N2) non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"8","author":"Zhang Q","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Cai XW, Feng W, Yu W, Fu XL. Risk factors of brain metastases as initial failure in completely resected stage IIIA(N2) non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Transl Med. 2020, 8:374. 10.21037\/atm.2020.02.72","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.14049","article-title":"Different pathologic types of early stage lung adenocarcinoma have different post-operative recurrence patterns","volume":"12","author":"Liu X","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu X, Sun K, Yang F, Sui X, Jiang G, Wang J, Li X. Different pathologic types of early stage lung adenocarcinoma have different post-operative recurrence patterns. Thorac Cancer. 2021, 12:2205-13. 10.1111\/1759-7714.14049","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2020.05.099","article-title":"Prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation in resected lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"162","author":"Deng C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deng C, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Fu F, Deng L, Li Y, Chen H. Prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation in resected lung adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021, 162:664-74. 10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2020.05.099","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-021-01969-x","article-title":"Osteogenic and brain metastases after non-small cell lung cancer resection","volume":"26","author":"Mizuno T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mizuno T, Konno H, Nagata T, Isaka M, Ohde Y. Osteogenic and brain metastases after non-small cell lung cancer resection. Int J Clin Oncol. 2021, 26:1840-6. 10.1007\/s10147-021-01969-x","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Risk factor of brain metastases and its influence on patient prognosis after complete resection of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"14","author":"Li J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li J. Risk factor of brain metastases and its influence on patient prognosis after complete resection of non-small cell lung cancer. Am J Transl Res. 2022, 14:406-13.","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2022.03.013","article-title":"EGFR mutation is not a prognostic factor for CNS metastasis in curatively resected lung adenocarcinoma patients","volume":"167","author":"Liu X","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu X, Li X, Zhang C, et al.. EGFR mutation is not a prognostic factor for CNS metastasis in curatively resected lung adenocarcinoma patients. Lung Cancer. 2022, 167:78-86. 10.1016\/j.lungcan.2022.03.013","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03008916251343724","article-title":"Association between EGFR mutation types and incidence of brain metastases in postoperative patients with stage I-III NSCLC","volume":"111","author":"Zhang J","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang J, Luo Z, Xie Z, et al.. Association between EGFR mutation types and incidence of brain metastases in postoperative patients with stage I-III NSCLC. Tumori. 2025, 111:200-9. 10.1177\/03008916251343724","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000545310","article-title":"Prognostic impact of recurrence pattern for surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer","author":"Motono N","year":"2025","unstructured":"Motono N, Mizoguchi T, Ishikawa M, Iwai S, Iijima Y, Uramoto H. Prognostic impact of recurrence pattern for surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer. Oncology. 2025, 1-11. 10.1159\/000545310","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtocrr.2024.100701","article-title":"The overlooked cornerstone in precise medicine: personalized postoperative surveillance plan for NSCLC","volume":"5","author":"Jiang C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang C, Zhang Y, Deng P, Lin H, Fu F, Deng C, Chen H. The overlooked cornerstone in precise medicine: personalized postoperative surveillance plan for NSCLC. JTO Clin Res Rep. 2024, 5:100701. 10.1016\/j.jtocrr.2024.100701","journal-title":"JTO Clin Res Rep"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz207","article-title":"Suppressed immune microenvironment and repertoire in brain metastases from patients with resected non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"30","author":"Kudo Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kudo Y, Haymaker C, Zhang J, et al.. Suppressed immune microenvironment and repertoire in brain metastases from patients with resected non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 2019, 30:1521-30. 10.1093\/annonc\/mdz207","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17142293","article-title":"Characteristics of oligo-recurrence and treatment selection in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"17","author":"Sonoda D","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sonoda D, Kondo Y, Tamagawa S, et al.. Characteristics of oligo-recurrence and treatment selection in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2025, 17:3. 10.3390\/cancers17142293","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"EGFR mutation incidence in non-small-cell lung cancer of adenocarcinoma histology: a systematic review and global map by ethnicity (mutMapII)","volume":"5","author":"Midha A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Midha A, Dearden S, McCormack R.  EGFR mutation incidence in non-small-cell lung cancer of adenocarcinoma histology: a systematic review and global map by ethnicity (mutMapII). Am J Cancer Res. 2015, 5:2892-911.","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-024-00840-y","article-title":"Developmental mosaicism underlying EGFR-mutant lung cancer presenting with multiple primary tumors","volume":"5","author":"Burr R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Burr R, Leshchiner I, Costantino CL, et al.. Developmental mosaicism underlying EGFR-mutant lung cancer presenting with multiple primary tumors. Nat Cancer. 2024, 5:1681-96. 10.1038\/s43018-024-00840-y","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S542123","article-title":"Peritoneal metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review of clinical features, molecular profiles, diagnostic approaches, and outcomes","volume":"17","author":"Ohta R","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ohta R, Ryu Y, Tanaka K, Sano C, Hayashi H. Peritoneal metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review of clinical features, molecular profiles, diagnostic approaches, and outcomes. Cancer Manag Res. 2025, 17:2127-41. 10.2147\/CMAR.S542123","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2024.100334","article-title":"The association of visceral pleural invasion with skip N2 metastasis on clinical stage IA NSCLC","volume":"79","author":"Minamoto F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Minamoto F, Ara\u00fajo P, D'Ambrosio P, Dela Vega A, Lauricella L, P\u00eago-Fernandes P, Terra R. The association of visceral pleural invasion with skip N2 metastasis on clinical stage IA NSCLC. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2024, 79:100334. 10.1016\/j.clinsp.2024.100334","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-025-02166-7","article-title":"Prognosis, imaging characteristics, and clinicopathological features of heavy smokers with clinical stage I lung adenocarcinoma: a multicenter study","volume":"74","author":"Takada I","year":"2026","unstructured":"Takada I, Shimada Y, Mimae T, et al.. Prognosis, imaging characteristics, and clinicopathological features of heavy smokers with clinical stage I lung adenocarcinoma: a multicenter study. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2026, 74:65-72. 10.1007\/s11748-025-02166-7","journal-title":"Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14030708","article-title":"Brain imaging in patients with non-small cell lung cancer\u2014a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Mayer N","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mayer N, Boschetti L, Scarci M, et al.. Brain imaging in patients with non-small cell lung cancer\u2014a systematic review. J Clin Med. 2025, 14:8. 10.3390\/jcm14030708","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26052307","article-title":"Molecular underpinnings of brain metastases","volume":"26","author":"Jacome MA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jacome MA, Wu Q, Chen J, Mohamed ZS, Mokhtari S, Pi\u00f1a Y, Etame AB. Molecular underpinnings of brain metastases. Int J Mol Sci. 2025, 26:7. 10.3390\/ijms26052307","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.60635","article-title":"Disparity of the treatment of unresectable non-small cell lung cancer regarding chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Ohta R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ohta R, Sano C. Disparity of the treatment of unresectable non-small cell lung cancer regarding chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cureus. 2024, 16:e60635. 10.7759\/cureus.60635","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/455292-brain-metastasis-after-curative-resection-of-non-small-cell-lung-cancer-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T21:08:48Z","timestamp":1768338528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/455292-brain-metastasis-after-curative-resection-of-non-small-cell-lung-cancer-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"references-count":38,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.101463","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]}}}