{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T08:26:43Z","timestamp":1768379203541,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.101478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T03:29:16Z","timestamp":1768361356000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Isha Yoga Practices on Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Controlled Studies"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Selvaraj","family":"Giridharan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhuvana","family":"Pandiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nagaraj V","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mrunmai","family":"Godbole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soni","family":"Soumian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"World Health Organization. World mental health report: transforming mental health for all. Geneva: World Health Organization","year":"2022","unstructured":"World Mental Health Report. Transforming Mental Health for All. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; 2022. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240049338."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Vos T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vos T, Lim SS, Abbafati C, et al.. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020, 396:1204-22. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.14.1685","article-title":"Psychological stress and disease","volume":"298","author":"Cohen S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D, Miller GE. Psychological stress and disease. JAMA. 2007, 298:1685-7. 10.1001\/jama.298.14.1685","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"The Yoga Tradition: Its History, Literature, Philosophy, and Practice","author":"Feuerstein G","year":"1998","unstructured":"Feuerstein G. The Yoga Tradition: Its History, Literature, Philosophy, and Practice. Hohm Press, Prescott, AR; 1998."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2009.0044","article-title":"The health benefits of yoga and exercise: a review of comparison studies","volume":"16","author":"Ross A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ross A, Thomas S. The health benefits of yoga and exercise: a review of comparison studies. J Altern Complement Med. 2010, 16:3-12. 10.1089\/acm.2009.0044","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487314562741","article-title":"The effectiveness of yoga in modifying risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"23","author":"Chu P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chu P, Gotink RA, Yeh GY, Goldie SJ, Hunink MG. The effectiveness of yoga in modifying risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016, 23:291-307. 10.1177\/2047487314562741","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nel103","article-title":"The influence of yoga-based programs on risk profiles in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Innes KE","year":"2007","unstructured":"Innes KE, Vincent HK. The influence of yoga-based programs on risk profiles in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2007, 4:469-86. 10.1093\/ecam\/nel103","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoy.IJOY_37_19","article-title":"Exploring the therapeutic benefits of pranayama (yogic breathing): a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Jayawardena R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jayawardena R, Ranasinghe P, Ranawaka H, Gamage N, Dissanayake D, Misra A. Exploring the therapeutic benefits of pranayama (yogic breathing): a systematic review. Int J Yoga. 2020, 13:99-110. 10.4103\/ijoy.IJOY_37_19","journal-title":"Int J Yoga"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-018-9914-y","article-title":"Yoga and immune system functioning: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"41","author":"Falkenberg RI","year":"2018","unstructured":"Falkenberg RI, Eising C, Peters ML. Yoga and immune system functioning: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Behav Med. 2018, 41:467-82. 10.1007\/s10865-018-9914-y","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-004-0387-0","article-title":"Treatment of chronic insomnia with yoga: a preliminary study with sleep-wake diaries","volume":"29","author":"Khalsa SB","year":"2004","unstructured":"Khalsa SB. Treatment of chronic insomnia with yoga: a preliminary study with sleep-wake diaries. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2004, 29:269-78. 10.1007\/s10484-004-0387-0","journal-title":"Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.01.021","article-title":"Effects of yoga on the autonomic nervous system, gamma-aminobutyric-acid, and allostasis in epilepsy, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"78","author":"Streeter CC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Streeter CC, Gerbarg PL, Saper RB, Ciraulo DA, Brown RP. Effects of yoga on the autonomic nervous system, gamma-aminobutyric-acid, and allostasis in epilepsy, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Med Hypotheses. 2012, 78:571-9. 10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.01.021","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2010.0007","article-title":"Effects of yoga versus walking on mood, anxiety, and brain GABA levels: a randomized controlled MRS study","volume":"16","author":"Streeter CC","year":"2010","unstructured":"Streeter CC, Whitfield TH, Owen L, et al.. Effects of yoga versus walking on mood, anxiety, and brain GABA levels: a randomized controlled MRS study. J Altern Complement Med. 2010, 16:1145-52. 10.1089\/acm.2010.0007","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7928981","article-title":"Impact of yoga and meditation on cellular aging in apparently healthy individuals: a prospective, open-label single-arm exploratory study","volume":"2017","author":"Tolahunase M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tolahunase M, Sagar R, Dada R. Impact of yoga and meditation on cellular aging in apparently healthy individuals: a prospective, open-label single-arm exploratory study. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017, 2017:7928981. 10.1155\/2017\/7928981","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/276419","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome and mind-body therapies: a systematic review","volume":"2011","author":"Anderson JG","year":"2011","unstructured":"Anderson JG, Taylor AG. The metabolic syndrome and mind-body therapies: a systematic review. J Nutr Metab. 2011, 2011:276419. 10.1155\/2011\/276419","journal-title":"J Nutr Metab"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31979","article-title":"Yoga for symptom management in oncology: a review of the evidence base and future directions for research","volume":"125","author":"Danhauer SC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Danhauer SC, Addington EL, Cohen L, Sohl SJ, Van Puymbroeck M, Albinati NK, Culos-Reed SN. Yoga for symptom management in oncology: a review of the evidence base and future directions for research. Cancer. 2019, 125:1979-89. 10.1002\/cncr.31979","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Yoga Here, Yoga There, Yoga Everywhere: A Cultural Study of Yoga in Contemporary Society","volume":"44","author":"Siegel P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siegel P, Afonso RF, de Barros NF. Yoga Here, Yoga There, Yoga Everywhere: A Cultural Study of Yoga in Contemporary Society. Scripta Ethnologica. 2022, 44:99-122.","journal-title":"Scripta Ethnologica"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Isha Foundation. Yoga programs. (2022). Accessed: December 1, 2025: https:\/\/isha.sadhguru.org\/yoga\/yoga-programs\/."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17761\/ijyt.21.1.y007g51341634172","article-title":"Immediate effect of sukha pranayama on cardiovascular variables in patients of hypertension","author":"Bhavanani AB","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bhavanani AB, Sanjay Z, Madanmohan. Immediate effect of sukha pranayama on cardiovascular variables in patients of hypertension. Int J Yoga Therap. 2011, 73-6.","journal-title":"Int J Yoga Therap"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48165\/IRJAY.2024.71106","article-title":"The impact of Isha Yoga practices on mental and physical well-being: a narrative synthesis of current literature","volume":"11","author":"Giridharan S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giridharan S, Soumian S, Pandiyan B. The impact of Isha Yoga practices on mental and physical well-being: a narrative synthesis of current literature. Int Res J Ayurveda Yoga. 2024, 11:1-12. 10.48165\/IRJAY.2024.71106","journal-title":"Int Res J Ayurveda Yoga"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2022.01.004","article-title":"Adherence to and changes in mental and physiological health during an 8-week yoga intervention: a pilot study","volume":"30","author":"Forseth B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Forseth B, Polfuss M, Brondino M, et al.. Adherence to and changes in mental and physiological health during an 8-week yoga intervention: a pilot study. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2022, 30:203-9. 10.1016\/j.jbmt.2022.01.004","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-024-07307-x","article-title":"Effect of yoga on balance, falls, and bone metabolism: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials in healthy individuals","volume":"36","author":"Bajaj P","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bajaj P, Nagendra L, Bajaj A, Samuel M, Chandran M. Effect of yoga on balance, falls, and bone metabolism: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials in healthy individuals. Osteoporos Int. 2025, 36:193-224. 10.1007\/s00198-024-07307-x","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.635816","article-title":"Can yogic breathing techniques like simha kriya and isha kriya regulate COVID-19-related stress?","volume":"12","author":"Rain M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rain M, Subramaniam B, Avti P, Mahajan P, Anand A. Can yogic breathing techniques like simha kriya and isha kriya regulate COVID-19-related stress?. Front Psychol. 2021, 12:635816. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.635816","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/ACPJC-1995-123-3-A12","article-title":"The well-built clinical question: a key to evidence-based decisions","volume":"123","author":"Richardson WS","year":"1995","unstructured":"Richardson WS, Wilson MC, Nishikawa J, Hayward RS. The well-built clinical question: a key to evidence-based decisions. ACP J Club. 1995, 123:A12-3. 10.7326\/ACPJC-1995-123-3-A12","journal-title":"ACP J Club"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen S","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983, 24:385-96. 10.2307\/2136404","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke K","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001, 16:606-13. 10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer RL","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, L\u00f6we B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006, 166:1092-7. 10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-009-9496-9","article-title":"Development of physical and mental health summary scores from the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) global items","volume":"18","author":"Hays RD","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hays RD, Bjorner JB, Revicki DA, Spritzer KL, Cella D. Development of physical and mental health summary scores from the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) global items. Qual Life Res. 2009, 18:873-80. 10.1007\/s11136-009-9496-9","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000376585","article-title":"The WHO-5 Well-Being Index: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"84","author":"Topp CW","year":"2015","unstructured":"Topp CW, \u00d8stergaard SD, S\u00f8ndergaard S, Bech P. The WHO-5 Well-Being Index: a systematic review of the literature. Psychother Psychosom. 2015, 84:167-76. 10.1159\/000376585","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-5-63","article-title":"The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation","volume":"5","author":"Tennant R","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tennant R, Hiller L, Fishwick R, et al.. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007, 5:63. 10.1186\/1477-7525-5-63","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.93.5.1043","article-title":"Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use","volume":"93","author":"Malik M","year":"1996","unstructured":"Malik M. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Circulation. 1996, 93:1043-65. 10.1161\/01.cir.93.5.1043","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1700672","article-title":"Quality of life measurement in bone marrow transplantation: development of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplant (FACT-BMT) scale","volume":"19","author":"McQuellon RP","year":"1997","unstructured":"McQuellon RP, Russell GB, Cella DF, Craven BL, Brady M, Bonomi A, Hurd DD. Quality of life measurement in bone marrow transplantation: development of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplant (FACT-BMT) scale. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1997, 19:357-68. 10.1038\/sj.bmt.1700672","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016, 5:210. 10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne JA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, et al.. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019, 366:l4898. 10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne JA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Hern\u00e1n MA, Reeves BC, et al.. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016, 355:i4919. 10.1136\/bmj.i4919","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews: a product from the ESRC Methods Programme","volume":"59","author":"Popay J","year":"2005","unstructured":"Popay J, Roberts H, Sowden A, et al.. Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews: a product from the ESRC Methods Programme. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005, 59:suppl_1.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2015.11.017","article-title":"A guide for health professionals to interpret and use recommendations in guidelines developed with the GRADE approach","volume":"72","author":"Neumann I","year":"2016","unstructured":"Neumann I, Santesso N, Akl EA, et al.. A guide for health professionals to interpret and use recommendations in guidelines developed with the GRADE approach. J Clin Epidemiol. 2016, 72:45-55. 10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2015.11.017","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.12341","article-title":"Online Isha Upa Yoga for student mental health and well-being during COVID-19: a randomized control trial","volume":"14","author":"Chang TF","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chang TF, Ley BL, Ramburn TT, Srinivasan S, Hariri S, Purandare P, Subramaniam B. Online Isha Upa Yoga for student mental health and well-being during COVID-19: a randomized control trial. Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2022, 14:1408-28. 10.1111\/aphw.12341","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Health Well Being"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735420909903","article-title":"Randomized feasibility study of meditative practices in hospitalized cancer patients","volume":"19","author":"Narayanan S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Narayanan S, Reddy A, Lopez G, et al.. Randomized feasibility study of meditative practices in hospitalized cancer patients. Integr Cancer Ther. 2020, 19:1534735420909903. 10.1177\/1534735420909903","journal-title":"Integr Cancer Ther"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.05.010","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of Isha Kriya versus observation to improve quality of life in hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients","volume":"29","author":"Chopra M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chopra M, Naik RR, Naik R, et al.. Randomized controlled trial of Isha Kriya versus observation to improve quality of life in hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients. Transplant Cell Ther. 2023, 29:530.e1-5. 10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.05.010","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.659667","article-title":"Isha Yoga practices and participation in Samyama program are associated with reduced HbA1C and systemic inflammation, improved lipid profile, and short-term and sustained improvement in mental health: a prospective observational study of meditators","volume":"12","author":"Sadhasivam S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sadhasivam S, Alankar S, Maturi R, et al.. Isha Yoga practices and participation in Samyama program are associated with reduced HbA1C and systemic inflammation, improved lipid profile, and short-term and sustained improvement in mental health: a prospective observational study of meditators. Front Psychol. 2021, 12:659667. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.659667","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-03935-8","article-title":"Isha yoga practices, vegan diet, and participation in Samyama meditation retreat: impact on the gut microbiome &amp; metabolome - a non-randomized trial","volume":"23","author":"Raman M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raman M, Vishnubhotla R, Ramay HR, et al.. Isha yoga practices, vegan diet, and participation in Samyama meditation retreat: impact on the gut microbiome &amp;amp; metabolome - a non-randomized trial. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2023, 23:107. 10.1186\/s12906-023-03935-8","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.813664","article-title":"Perceived stress, resilience, and wellbeing in seasoned Isha Yoga practitioners compared to matched controls during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"10","author":"Upadhyay P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Upadhyay P, Narayanan S, Khera T, et al.. Perceived stress, resilience, and wellbeing in seasoned Isha Yoga practitioners compared to matched controls during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health. 2022, 10:813664. 10.3389\/fpubh.2022.813664","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-024-02466-8","article-title":"Relaxed alertness in novice and advanced meditators\u2014a neurophysiological and psychological study of Isha Yoga practices","volume":"15","author":"Malipeddi S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Malipeddi S, Sasidharan A, Ravindra PN, Mehrotra S, John JP, Kutty BM. Relaxed alertness in novice and advanced meditators\u2014a neurophysiological and psychological study of Isha Yoga practices. Mindfulness. 2024, 15:2840-59. 10.1007\/s12671-024-02466-8","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-9476.96528","article-title":"Measurement of the effect of Isha Yoga on cardiac autonomic nervous system using short-term heart rate variability","volume":"3","author":"Muralikrishnan K","year":"2012","unstructured":"Muralikrishnan K, Balakrishnan B, Balasubramanian K, Visnegarawla F. Measurement of the effect of Isha Yoga on cardiac autonomic nervous system using short-term heart rate variability. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2012, 3:91-6.","journal-title":"J Ayurveda Integr Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1280859","article-title":"Practice and proficiency of Isha Yoga for better mental health outcomes: insights from a COVID-19 survey","volume":"12","author":"Malipeddi S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Malipeddi S, Mehrotra S, John JP, Kutty BM. Practice and proficiency of Isha Yoga for better mental health outcomes: insights from a COVID-19 survey. Front Public Health. 2024, 12:1280859. 10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1280859","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.13018","article-title":"Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"174","author":"Goyal M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goyal M, Singh S, Sibinga EM, et al.. Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2014, 174:357-68. 10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.13018","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1283172","article-title":"Meta-analysis of a mindfulness yoga exercise intervention on depression - based on intervention studies in China","volume":"14","author":"Yang Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang Y, Cao D, Lyu T, Gao W. Meta-analysis of a mindfulness yoga exercise intervention on depression - based on intervention studies in China. Front Psychol. 2023, 14:1283172. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1283172","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-71213-9","article-title":"The effect of mindfulness meditation on depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Fu Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu Y, Song Y, Li Y, et al.. The effect of mindfulness meditation on depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2024, 14:20189. 10.1038\/s41598-024-71213-9","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-015-9291-z","article-title":"Yoga for heart rate variability: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"40","author":"Posadzki P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Posadzki P, Kuzdzal A, Lee MS, Ernst E. Yoga for heart rate variability: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized clinical trials. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2015, 40:239-49. 10.1007\/s10484-015-9291-z","journal-title":"Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800418820162","article-title":"Impact of yoga on inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Djalilova DM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Djalilova DM, Schulz PS, Berger AM, Case AJ, Kupzyk KA, Ross AC. Impact of yoga on inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review. Biol Res Nurs. 2019, 21:198-209. 10.1177\/1099800418820162","journal-title":"Biol Res Nurs"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00315","article-title":"Yoga, meditation and mind-body health: increased BDNF, cortisol awakening response, and altered inflammatory marker expression after a 3-month yoga and meditation retreat","volume":"11","author":"Cahn BR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cahn BR, Goodman MS, Peterson CT, Maturi R, Mills PJ. Yoga, meditation and mind-body health: increased BDNF, cortisol awakening response, and altered inflammatory marker expression after a 3-month yoga and meditation retreat. Front Hum Neurosci. 2017, 11:315. 10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00315","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-042716-051139","article-title":"Mindfulness Interventions","volume":"68","author":"Creswell JD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Creswell JD. Mindfulness Interventions. Annu Rev Psychol. 2017, 68:491-516. 10.1146\/annurev-psych-042716-051139","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735420959882","article-title":"The effect of yoga interventions on cancer-related fatigue and quality of life for women with breast cancer: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"19","author":"O'Neill M","year":"2020","unstructured":"O'Neill M, Samaroo D, Lopez C, et al.. The effect of yoga interventions on cancer-related fatigue and quality of life for women with breast cancer: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Integr Cancer Ther. 2020, 19:1534735420959882. 10.1177\/1534735420959882","journal-title":"Integr Cancer Ther"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/455767-effects-of-isha-yoga-practices-on-health-outcomes-a-systematic-review-of-controlled-studies","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T03:29:38Z","timestamp":1768361378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/455767-effects-of-isha-yoga-practices-on-health-outcomes-a-systematic-review-of-controlled-studies"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"references-count":54,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.101478","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]}}}