{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T09:47:23Z","timestamp":1768470443500,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.101551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T21:56:52Z","timestamp":1768427812000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Brainstem Encephalitis in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Mimicking Malignant Lymphoma: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Ueno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuya","family":"Ochiai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac610","article-title":"The global epidemiology of SLE: narrowing the knowledge gaps","volume":"62","author":"Barber MR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barber MR, Falasinnu T, Ramsey-Goldman R, Clarke AE. The global epidemiology of SLE: narrowing the knowledge gaps. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2023, 62:i4-9. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac610","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2010.08.001","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Unterman A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Unterman A, Nolte JE, Boaz M, Abady M, Shoenfeld Y, Zandman-Goddard G. Neuropsychiatric syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2011, 41:1-11. 10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2010.08.001","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.130476","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus with neuropsychiatric manifestations: report of a task force of the EULAR standing committee for clinical affairs","volume":"69","author":"Bertsias GK","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bertsias GK, Ioannidis JP, Aringer M, et al.. EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus with neuropsychiatric manifestations: report of a task force of the EULAR standing committee for clinical affairs. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010, 69:2074-82. 10.1136\/ard.2010.130476","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14111186","article-title":"The challenge of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: from symptoms to therapeutic strategies","volume":"14","author":"Patel V","year":"2024","unstructured":"Patel V. The challenge of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: from symptoms to therapeutic strategies. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024, 14:1186. 10.3390\/diagnostics14111186","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-009-1171-6","article-title":"A case of systemic lupus erythematosus with extensive brain stem involvement","volume":"28 Suppl 1","author":"Kumar S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kumar S, Sharma N, Sharma A, Mahi S, Bhalla A, Varma S. A case of systemic lupus erythematosus with extensive brain stem involvement. Clin Rheumatol. 2009, 28 Suppl 1:S69-71. 10.1007\/s10067-009-1171-6","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-017-0902-6","article-title":"A case of neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus characterized by the Owl's eye sign: a case report","volume":"17","author":"Hu B","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hu B, Wu P, Zhou Y, et al.. A case of neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus characterized by the Owl's eye sign: a case report. BMC Neurol. 2017, 17:123. 10.1186\/s12883-017-0902-6","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.62591","article-title":"Locked-in syndrome: a rare manifestation of neuropsychiatric lupus","volume":"16","author":"Polhemus L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Polhemus L, Singh D, Awad AA, et al.. Locked-in syndrome: a rare manifestation of neuropsychiatric lupus. Cureus. 2024, 16:e62591. 10.7759\/cureus.62591","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glmedi.2024.100145","article-title":"A case report of brainstem encephalitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in a young female","volume":"4","author":"Khan MN","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan MN, Fatima M, Mubashir M, Ali SMS. A case report of brainstem encephalitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in a young female. J Med Surg Public Health. 2024, 4:100145. 10.1016\/j.glmedi.2024.100145","journal-title":"J Med Surg Public Health"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209153","article-title":"Teaching neuroImage: extensive brainstem and striatal involvement in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"102","author":"Branch A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Branch A, Nuaaman MM, Appleton CT, Connaughton DM, Basmaji J, Chan TL, Budhram A. Teaching neuroImage: extensive brainstem and striatal involvement in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Neurology. 2024, 102:e209153. 10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209153","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033251324496","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus with hypothermia and Wallenberg's syndrome as signs of brainstem encephalitis: a grand rounds case","volume":"34","author":"Shiratani R","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shiratani R, Shibahara T, Shiba M, et al.. Systemic lupus erythematosus with hypothermia and Wallenberg's syndrome as signs of brainstem encephalitis: a grand rounds case. Lupus. 2025, 34:525-32. 10.1177\/09612033251324496","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214819","article-title":"2019 European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"78","author":"Aringer M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aringer M, Costenbader K, Daikh D, et al.. 2019 European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019, 78:1151-9. 10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214819","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310605","article-title":"Soluble interleukin-2 receptors in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"31","author":"Wolf RE","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wolf RE, Brelsford WG. Soluble interleukin-2 receptors in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1988, 31:729-35. 10.1002\/art.1780310605","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.48.10.803","article-title":"Relation between soluble interleukin 2 receptor and clinical findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"48","author":"Tokano Y","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tokano Y, Murashima A, Takasaki Y, Hashimoto H, Okumura K, Hirose S. Relation between soluble interleukin 2 receptor and clinical findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 1989, 48:803-9. 10.1136\/ard.48.10.803","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2022.06.014","article-title":"CSF biomarkers in primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"179","author":"Nguyen-Them L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nguyen-Them L, Alentorn A, Ahle G, et al.. CSF biomarkers in primary CNS lymphoma. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2023, 179:141-9. 10.1016\/j.neurol.2022.06.014","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000186504","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of the meningitides in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"61","author":"Baizabal-Carvallo JF","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Delgadillo-M\u00e1rquez G, Esta\u00f1ol B, Garc\u00eda-Ramos G. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of the meningitides in systemic lupus erythematosus. Eur Neurol. 2009, 61:143-8. 10.1159\/000186504","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0b013e318278bee1","article-title":"Diagnostic approach to restricted-diffusion patterns on MR imaging","volume":"2","author":"Finelli PF","year":"2012","unstructured":"Finelli PF. Diagnostic approach to restricted-diffusion patterns on MR imaging. Neurol Clin Pract. 2012, 2:287-93. 10.1212\/CPJ.0b013e318278bee1","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-013-1533-3","article-title":"Primary central nervous system lymphoma mimicking Bickerstaff's encephalitis","volume":"35","author":"Miki Y","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miki Y, Tomiyama M, Kurotaki H, Wakabayashi K, Baba M. Primary central nervous system lymphoma mimicking Bickerstaff's encephalitis. Neurol Sci. 2014, 35:139-41. 10.1007\/s10072-013-1533-3","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/442669-brainstem-encephalitis-in-neuropsychiatric-systemic-lupus-erythematosus-mimicking-malignant-lymphoma-a-case-report-and-literature-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T21:56:53Z","timestamp":1768427813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/442669-brainstem-encephalitis-in-neuropsychiatric-systemic-lupus-erythematosus-mimicking-malignant-lymphoma-a-case-report-and-literature-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"references-count":17,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.101551","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]}}}