{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T15:42:30Z","timestamp":1768491750563,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.101557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:45:31Z","timestamp":1768437931000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Purple Urine Bag Syndrome as a Visual Trigger for Overtreatment: A Case Report and Aggregated Literature Analysis"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Micah","family":"Pippin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yashwanth Ramineni","family":"Damodhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)90667-0","article-title":"Purple urine bags","volume":"311","author":"Barlow GB","year":"1978","unstructured":"Barlow GB, Dickson JAS. Purple urine bags. Lancet. 1978, 311:220-1.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)38882-1","article-title":"Purple urine bags","volume":"142","author":"Dealler SF","year":"1989","unstructured":"Dealler SF, Belfield PW, Bedford M, Whitley AJ, Mulley GP. Purple urine bags. J Urol. 1989, 142:769-70. 10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)38882-1","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-002-0210-x","article-title":"A case-control study of purple urine bag syndrome in geriatric wards","volume":"9","author":"Mantani N","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mantani N, Ochiai H, Imanishi N, Kogure T, Terasawa K, Tamura J. A case-control study of purple urine bag syndrome in geriatric wards. J Infect Chemother. 2003, 9:53-7. 10.1007\/s10156-002-0210-x","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26717\/BJSTR.2024.58.009213","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: A comprehensive systematic review of etiology, epidemiology, and management strategies","volume":"58","author":"Omole O","year":"2024","unstructured":"Omole O. Purple urine bag syndrome: A comprehensive systematic review of etiology, epidemiology, and management strategies. Biomed J Sci Technol Res. 2024, 58:3. 10.26717\/BJSTR.2024.58.009213","journal-title":"Biomed J Sci Technol Res"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Case analysis of purple urine-bag syndrome at a long-term care service in a community hospital","volume":"28","author":"Su FH","year":"2005","unstructured":"Su FH, Chung SY, Chen MH, et al.. Case analysis of purple urine-bag syndrome at a long-term care service in a community hospital. Chang Gung Med J. 2005, 28:636-42.","journal-title":"Chang Gung Med J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2008.00978.x","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: a community-based study and literature review","volume":"13","author":"Shiao CC","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shiao CC, Weng CY, Chuang JC, Huang MS, Chen ZY. Purple urine bag syndrome: a community-based study and literature review. Nephrology (Carlton). 2008, 13:554-9. 10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2008.00978.x","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/419213","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: an alarming hue? A brief review of the literature","volume":"2011","author":"Khan F","year":"2011","unstructured":"Khan F, Chaudhry MA, Qureshi N, Cowley B. Purple urine bag syndrome: an alarming hue? A brief review of the literature. Int J Nephrol. 2011, 2011:419213. 10.4061\/2011\/419213","journal-title":"Int J Nephrol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S35320","article-title":"An update on purple urine bag syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Hadano Y","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hadano Y, Shimizu T, Takada S, Inoue T, Sorano S. An update on purple urine bag syndrome. Int J Gen Med. 2012, 5:707-10. 10.2147\/IJGM.S35320","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy1121","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for the management of asymptomatic bacteriuria: 2019 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"68","author":"Nicolle LE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nicolle LE, Gupta K, Bradley SF, et al.. Clinical practice guideline for the management of asymptomatic bacteriuria: 2019 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2019, 68:e83-e110. 10.1093\/cid\/ciy1121","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000499281","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: more than eyes can see","volume":"13","author":"Sabanis N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sabanis N, Paschou E, Papanikolaou P, Zagkotsis G. Purple urine bag syndrome: more than eyes can see. Curr Urol. 2019, 13:125-32. 10.1159\/000499281","journal-title":"Curr Urol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/cia.s3534","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome in nursing homes: ten elderly case reports and a literature review","volume":"3","author":"Lin CH","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lin CH, Huang HT, Chien CC, Tzeng DS, Lung FW. Purple urine bag syndrome in nursing homes: ten elderly case reports and a literature review. Clin Interv Aging. 2008, 3:729-34. 10.2147\/cia.s3534","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.85178","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome in end-stage renal disease: recognizing the unexpected","volume":"17","author":"Shirsat P","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shirsat P, Sonavane K, Agarwal B, Agrawal G, Ponnam HC, Sakamuri L. Purple urine bag syndrome in end-stage renal disease: recognizing the unexpected. Cureus. 2025, 17:e85178. 10.7759\/cureus.85178","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00045632231152565","article-title":"Purple urine in Berdon syndrome: a rare finding in the clinic laboratory","volume":"60","author":"Oliveira Rodr\u00edguez M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oliveira Rodr\u00edguez M, Moreno Rodr\u00edguez M, D\u00edaz Mart\u00edn JJ, Prieto Garc\u00eda B. Purple urine in Berdon syndrome: a rare finding in the clinic laboratory. Ann Clin Biochem. 2023, 60:142-5. 10.1177\/00045632231152565","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPC.IJPC_88_18","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: a scary but easily manageable condition in a patient with prolonged indwelling urinary catheter","volume":"24","author":"Kumar D","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar D, Donga N, Macwan R. Purple urine bag syndrome: a scary but easily manageable condition in a patient with prolonged indwelling urinary catheter. Indian J Palliat Care. 2018, 24:534-6. 10.4103\/IJPC.IJPC_88_18","journal-title":"Indian J Palliat Care"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.4394","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome","volume":"129","author":"Hokama A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hokama A, Ohira T, Iraha A, Kinjo T, Fujita J. Purple urine bag syndrome. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2019, 129:130. 10.20452\/pamw.4394","journal-title":"Pol Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.152270","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: time for awareness","volume":"4","author":"Alex R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alex R, Manjunath K, Srinivasan R, Basu G. Purple urine bag syndrome: time for awareness. J Family Med Prim Care. 2015, 4:130-1. 10.4103\/2249-4863.152270","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2015.30.3.420","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome in a patient with a urethral balloon catheter and a history of ileal conduit urinary diversion","volume":"30","author":"Kenzaka T","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kenzaka T. Purple urine bag syndrome in a patient with a urethral balloon catheter and a history of ileal conduit urinary diversion. Korean J Intern Med. 2015, 30:420. 10.3904\/kjim.2015.30.3.420","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.6251","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome in an elderly patient from Colombia","volume":"9","author":"Mondrag\u00f3n-Cardona A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mondrag\u00f3n-Cardona A, Jim\u00e9nez-Canizales CE, Alzate-Carvajal V, Bastidas-Rivera F, Sep\u00falveda-Arias JC. Purple urine bag syndrome in an elderly patient from Colombia. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2015, 9:792-5. 10.3855\/jidc.6251","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/746981","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome in two elderly men with urinary tract infection","volume":"2015","author":"Van Keer J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van Keer J, Detroyer D, Bammens B. Purple urine bag syndrome in two elderly men with urinary tract infection. Case Rep Nephrol. 2015, 2015:746981. 10.1155\/2015\/746981","journal-title":"Case Rep Nephrol"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: case report from a nursing home resident with a false alarm of urosepsis","volume":"70","author":"Mohamed Faisal AH","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mohamed Faisal AH, Shathiskumar G, Nurul Izah A. Purple urine bag syndrome: case report from a nursing home resident with a false alarm of urosepsis. Med J Malaysia. 2015, 70:265-6.","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2015\/14736.6304","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Abubacker NR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abubacker NR, Jayaraman SM, R K, Sivanesan MK, Mathew R. Purple urine bag syndrome. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015, 9:OD01-2. 10.7860\/JCDR\/2015\/14736.6304","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-212913","article-title":"A unilateral purple urine bag syndrome in a patient with bilateral nephrostomy tubes","volume":"5","author":"Karim A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karim A, Abed F, Bachuwa G. A unilateral purple urine bag syndrome in a patient with bilateral nephrostomy tubes. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 5:3. 10.1136\/bcr-2015-212913","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-4065.172230","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome in chronic kidney disease","volume":"26","author":"Sriramnaveen P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sriramnaveen P, Reddy YS, Sridhar A, Kishore CK, Manjusha Y, Sivakumar V. Purple urine bag syndrome in chronic kidney disease. Indian J Nephrol. 2016, 26:67-8. 10.4103\/0971-4065.172230","journal-title":"Indian J Nephrol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2016\/16622.7209","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome- an alarming situation","volume":"10","author":"Faridi MS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Faridi MS, Rahman MJ, Mibang N, Shantajit N, Somarendra K. Purple urine bag syndrome- an alarming situation. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016, 10:PD05-6. 10.7860\/JCDR\/2016\/16622.7209","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.552","article-title":"A case of purple urine bag syndrome in a spastic partial quadriplegic male","volume":"8","author":"Tul Llah S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tul Llah S, Khan S, Dave A, Morrison AJ, Jain S, Hermanns D. A case of purple urine bag syndrome in a spastic partial quadriplegic male. Cureus. 2016, 8:e552. 10.7759\/cureus.552","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.05.005","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Demelo-Rodr\u00edguez P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Demelo-Rodr\u00edguez P, Gal\u00e1n-Carrillo I, Del Toro-Cervera J. Purple urine bag syndrome. Eur J Intern Med. 2016, 35:e3-4. 10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.05.005","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-215465","article-title":"Single case of purple urine bag syndrome in an elderly woman with stroke","volume":"2016","author":"Richardson-May J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Richardson-May J. Single case of purple urine bag syndrome in an elderly woman with stroke. BMJ Case Rep. 2016, 2016:5. 10.1136\/bcr-2016-215465","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12890\/2016_000507","article-title":"Doctor: why has her urine turned purple?","volume":"3","author":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez M, C\u00e1rceles-Garc\u00eda C, Ovsepyan M, Llenas-Garc\u00eda J. Doctor: why has her urine turned purple?. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2016, 3:7. 10.12890\/2016_000507","journal-title":"Eur J Case Rep Intern Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/balkanmedj.2016.151140","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome in a male patient with chronic hemodialysis","volume":"33","author":"Ko\u00e7o\u011flu H","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ko\u00e7o\u011flu H, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m B, Okuturlar Y, Hur\u015fito\u011flu M, Harmankaya \u00d6. Purple urine bag syndrome in a male patient with chronic hemodialysis. Balkan Med J. 2016, 33:717-8. 10.5152\/balkanmedj.2016.151140","journal-title":"Balkan Med J"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0101-2800.20160075","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: case report for Streptoccocus agalactiae and literature review","volume":"38","author":"Ficher KN","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ficher KN, Ara\u00fajo AA, Houly SG, Lins PR, Silva M Jr, G\u00f3is AF. Purple urine bag syndrome: case report for Streptoccocus agalactiae and literature review. J Bras Nefrol. 2016, 38:470-2. 10.5935\/0101-2800.20160075","journal-title":"J Bras Nefrol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/nmj.NMJ_173_16","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome in an 80-year-old female Cameroonian","volume":"58","author":"Agbor VN","year":"2017","unstructured":"Agbor VN, Njim T, Oben HB, Aminde LN. Purple urine bag syndrome in an 80-year-old female Cameroonian. Niger Med J. 2017, 58:119-21. 10.4103\/nmj.NMJ_173_16","journal-title":"Niger Med J"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: an uncommon manifestation of urinary tract infection","volume":"153","author":"Golzarri MF","year":"2017","unstructured":"Golzarri MF, Hernaiz-Leonardo JC, D\u00edaz-Gonz\u00e1lez A, Vel\u00e1zquez-Acosta C, Vilar-Compte D. Purple urine bag syndrome: an uncommon manifestation of urinary tract infection. Gac Med Mex. 2017, 153:273-5.","journal-title":"Gac Med Mex"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13730-016-0213-6","article-title":"Recurrent purple urine bag syndrome presenting with full spectrum of disease severity: case report and review of literature","volume":"5","author":"Lin J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin J, Hlafka M, Vargas O, Bhattarai M. Recurrent purple urine bag syndrome presenting with full spectrum of disease severity: case report and review of literature. CEN Case Rep. 2016, 5:144-7. 10.1007\/s13730-016-0213-6","journal-title":"CEN Case Rep"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2018.02.024","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome","volume":"55","author":"Le Mouel JP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Le Mouel JP, Fumery M. Purple urine bag syndrome. Eur J Intern Med. 2018, 55:e1-2. 10.1016\/j.ejim.2018.02.024","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omx059","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"Traynor BP","year":"2017","unstructured":"Traynor BP, Pomeroy E, Niall D. Purple urine bag syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. Oxf Med Case Reports. 2017, 5:9. 10.1093\/omcr\/omx059","journal-title":"Oxf Med Case Reports"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2018.06.009","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome, a disturbing urine discoloration","volume":"20","author":"Karray O","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karray O, Batti R, Talbi E, et al.. Purple urine bag syndrome, a disturbing urine discoloration. Urol Case Rep. 2018, 20:57-9. 10.1016\/j.eucr.2018.06.009","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-226395","article-title":"Purple urinary bag syndrome: what every primary healthcare provider should know","volume":"9","author":"Pandey S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pandey S, Pandey T, Sharma A, Sankhwar S. Purple urinary bag syndrome: what every primary healthcare provider should know. BMJ Case Rep. 2018, 9:5. 10.1136\/bcr-2018-226395","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313X18823105","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: an unusual but important manifestation of urinary tract infection. Case report and literature review","volume":"7","author":"Worku DA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Worku DA. Purple urine bag syndrome: an unusual but important manifestation of urinary tract infection. Case report and literature review. SAGE Open Med Case Rep. 2019, 7:5. 10.1177\/2050313X18823105","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med Case Rep"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4235\/agmr.2018.22.3.151","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome in a geriatric hospital: a report of 2 cases","volume":"22","author":"Shin KS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shin KS, Kim MY, Kang HN. Purple urine bag syndrome in a geriatric hospital: a report of 2 cases. Ann Geriatr Med Res. 2018, 22:151-3. 10.4235\/agmr.2018.22.3.151","journal-title":"Ann Geriatr Med Res"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.19393.1","article-title":"Case report: purple urine bag syndrome in woman with neurogenic bladder","volume":"8","author":"Boentoro S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boentoro S, Utomo NB. Case report: purple urine bag syndrome in woman with neurogenic bladder. F1000Res. 2019, 8:979. 10.12688\/f1000research.19393.1","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31744\/einstein_journal\/2020RC5063","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: case report","volume":"18","author":"Carmo FP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carmo FP, Caliman AO. Purple urine bag syndrome: case report. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2020, 18:eRC5063. 10.31744\/einstein_journal\/2020RC5063","journal-title":"Einstein (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.18.0083","article-title":"Gentleman with the purple urine","volume":"41","author":"Ong CY","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ong CY, Vasanwala FF. Gentleman with the purple urine. Korean J Fam Med. 2020, 41:133-5. 10.4082\/kjfm.18.0083","journal-title":"Korean J Fam Med"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2020.101533","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome:a simple and rare spot diagnosis in Uroscopic rainbow","volume":"35","author":"Kumar U","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar U, Singh A, Thami G, Agrawal N. Purple urine bag syndrome:a simple and rare spot diagnosis in Uroscopic rainbow. Urol Case Rep. 2021, 35:101533. 10.1016\/j.eucr.2020.101533","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.02.083","article-title":"Purple urine in a patient after recovery from a SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"105","author":"Vetter M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vetter M, Kaufmann MD, Neurath MF, Kremer AE. Purple urine in a patient after recovery from a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Int J Infect Dis. 2021, 105:472-3. 10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.02.083","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.102570","article-title":"Violet discoloration of urine: a case report and a literature review","volume":"68","author":"Saraireh M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saraireh M, Gharaibeh S, Araydah M, Al Sharie S, Haddad F, Alrababah A. Violet discoloration of urine: a case report and a literature review. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021, 68:102570. 10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.102570","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.16319","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: an unusual presentation of urinary tract infection","volume":"13","author":"Kumar R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar R, Devi K, Kataria D, Kumar J, Ahmad I. Purple urine bag syndrome: an unusual presentation of urinary tract infection. Cureus. 2021, 13:e16319. 10.7759\/cureus.16319","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.23970","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome as the primary presenting feature of a urinary tract infection","volume":"14","author":"Popoola M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Popoola M, Hillier M. Purple urine bag syndrome as the primary presenting feature of a urinary tract infection. Cureus. 2022, 14:e23970. 10.7759\/cureus.23970","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visj.2022.101479","article-title":"A patient with purple discoloration of urine bag and concomitant COVID-19 infection","volume":"29","author":"Ramadan MG","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramadan MG, Thomas BN, Butt TS. A patient with purple discoloration of urine bag and concomitant COVID-19 infection. Vis J Emerg Med. 2022, 29:101479. 10.1016\/j.visj.2022.101479","journal-title":"Vis J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.107721","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: a case report","volume":"99","author":"Ahmed SI","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmed SI, Waheed MA, Shah S, Muhammad Shah SY, Mumtaz H. Purple urine bag syndrome: a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2022, 99:107721. 10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.107721","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15441\/ceem.22.390","article-title":"Benign discoloration or harbinger of infection: purple urine bag syndrome, a rare urinary phenomenon","volume":"10","author":"Agbonghae C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agbonghae C, Brown W, Raper JD, Bloom AD. Benign discoloration or harbinger of infection: purple urine bag syndrome, a rare urinary phenomenon. Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2023, 10:337-8. 10.15441\/ceem.22.390","journal-title":"Clin Exp Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijn.ijn_226_21","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Nandwani A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nandwani A, Jha PK, Gadde A, Jain M. Purple urine bag syndrome. Indian J Nephrol. 2022, 32:646-7. 10.4103\/ijn.ijn_226_21","journal-title":"Indian J Nephrol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.33354","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: a rare and surprising clinical presentation","volume":"15","author":"DeRon N Jr","year":"2023","unstructured":"DeRon N Jr, Legan C. Purple urine bag syndrome: a rare and surprising clinical presentation. Cureus. 2023, 15:e33354. 10.7759\/cureus.33354","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omad013","article-title":"Purple urine in a patient with UTI and constipation","volume":"2023","author":"Kannan L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kannan L, Bauman AA. Purple urine in a patient with UTI and constipation. Oxf Med Case Reports. 2023, 2023:3. 10.1093\/omcr\/omad013","journal-title":"Oxf Med Case Reports"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2023.107953","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome in neurological deficit patient: a case report","volume":"104","author":"Tirtayasa PM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tirtayasa PM, Sugianto R, Valentina I, Samuel AG. Purple urine bag syndrome in neurological deficit patient: a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2023, 104:107953. 10.1016\/j.ijscr.2023.107953","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2023-0132","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Pallath AM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pallath AM, Gopan G, Tm A. Purple urine bag syndrome. Clin Med (Lond). 2023, 23:270. 10.7861\/clinmed.2023-0132","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11162251","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome in a home-dwelling elderly female with lumbar compression fracture: a case report","volume":"11","author":"Popovi\u0107 MB","year":"2023","unstructured":"Popovi\u0107 MB, Medi\u0107 DD, Velicki RS, Jovanovi\u0107 Galovi\u0107 AI. Purple urine bag syndrome in a home-dwelling elderly female with lumbar compression fracture: a case report. Healthcare (Basel). 2023, 11:5. 10.3390\/healthcare11162251","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jgid.jgid_144_22","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome in urinary tract infection","volume":"15","author":"Jappi Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jappi Y, Hadi U. Purple urine bag syndrome in urinary tract infection. J Glob Infect Dis. 2023, 15:84-5. 10.4103\/jgid.jgid_144_22","journal-title":"J Glob Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/IJPC_162_2022","article-title":"Prolonged indwelling percutaneous nephrostomy leading to purple urinary bag syndrome in palliative care setting: a case report","volume":"29","author":"Vanumu DS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vanumu DS, Mantha SP, Suvvari P, Kodisharapu PK. Prolonged indwelling percutaneous nephrostomy leading to purple urinary bag syndrome in palliative care setting: a case report. Indian J Palliat Care. 2023, 29:324-7. 10.25259\/IJPC_162_2022","journal-title":"Indian J Palliat Care"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.49804","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: a peculiar presentation of a urinary tract infection","volume":"15","author":"Faia J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Faia J, Martins AS, Martins M. Purple urine bag syndrome: a peculiar presentation of a urinary tract infection. Cureus. 2023, 15:e49804. 10.7759\/cureus.49804","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: a startling phenomenon of purple urine in a urine drainage bag. A primary care approach and literature review","volume":"13","author":"Wong Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wong Y, Abdullah N. Purple urine bag syndrome: a startling phenomenon of purple urine in a urine drainage bag. A primary care approach and literature review. Malays Fam Physician. 2018, 13:42-4.","journal-title":"Malays Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2024.01.055","article-title":"A case of purple urinary bag syndrome treated with non-antibiotic methods combined with bladder function training","volume":"47","author":"Wang J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang J, Tang X, Zhang X, Meng Z. A case of purple urinary bag syndrome treated with non-antibiotic methods combined with bladder function training. Asian J Surg. 2024, 47:2393-4. 10.1016\/j.asjsur.2024.01.055","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.57620","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: a rare phenomenon managed in primary care","volume":"16","author":"Pereira AP","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pereira AP, Camarinha I, Ferreira A, Sevivas H, Reis M. Purple urine bag syndrome: a rare phenomenon managed in primary care. Cureus. 2024, 16:e57620. 10.7759\/cureus.57620","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.67731","article-title":"A case of purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) in a patient with a chronic indwelling foley catheter","volume":"16","author":"Murray K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Murray K, Patel K, Espinosa J, Lucerna A. A case of purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) in a patient with a chronic indwelling foley catheter. Cureus. 2024, 16:e67731. 10.7759\/cureus.67731","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-024-03708-6","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: a unique clinical case and management considerations","volume":"25","author":"Mahdi F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mahdi F, Larijani A. Purple urine bag syndrome: a unique clinical case and management considerations. BMC Nephrol. 2024, 25:375. 10.1186\/s12882-024-03708-6","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/spcare-2024-005336","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: case series","volume":"15","author":"Joseph J","year":"2025","unstructured":"Joseph J, Sundararaj JJ, Shekinah S, Murali S, Gladys A, Kandaswamy R. Purple urine bag syndrome: case series. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2025, 15:335-7. 10.1136\/spcare-2024-005336","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jmh.jmh_221_24","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome in a bedridden postmenopausal woman","volume":"16","author":"Agrawal PK","year":"2025","unstructured":"Agrawal PK, Garg R, Kumari N, Bakshi H. Purple urine bag syndrome in a bedridden postmenopausal woman. J Midlife Health. 2025, 16:208-10. 10.4103\/jmh.jmh_221_24","journal-title":"J Midlife Health"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.86725","article-title":"Purple urine bag syndrome: antibiotic treatment or not?","volume":"17","author":"Helmsdal G","year":"2025","unstructured":"Helmsdal G. Purple urine bag syndrome: antibiotic treatment or not?. Cureus. 2025, 17:e86725. 10.7759\/cureus.86725","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/454719-purple-urine-bag-syndrome-as-a-visual-trigger-for-overtreatment-a-case-report-and-aggregated-literature-analysis","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:45:33Z","timestamp":1768437933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/454719-purple-urine-bag-syndrome-as-a-visual-trigger-for-overtreatment-a-case-report-and-aggregated-literature-analysis"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"references-count":67,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.101557","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]}}}