{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T09:13:50Z","timestamp":1768641230541,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.101700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T21:42:29Z","timestamp":1768599749000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Challenges in Predicting Intubation in Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on High-Flow Nasal Cannula: A Focus on Lymphopenia and Conventional Markers"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Tomotaka","family":"Nishizawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Shiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Amano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidekazu","family":"Matsushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.2033","article-title":"Development and validation of a clinical risk score to predict the occurrence of critical illness in hospitalized patients with COVID-19","volume":"180","author":"Liang W","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liang W, Liang H, Ou L, et al.. Development and validation of a clinical risk score to predict the occurrence of critical illness in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. JAMA Intern Med. 2020, 180:1081-9. 10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.2033","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.08.009","article-title":"The usefulness of a combination of age, body mass index, and blood urea nitrogen as prognostic factors in predicting oxygen requirements in patients with coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"27","author":"Goto N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goto N, Wada Y, Ikuyama Y, et al.. The usefulness of a combination of age, body mass index, and blood urea nitrogen as prognostic factors in predicting oxygen requirements in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. J Infect Chemother. 2021, 27:1706-12. 10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.08.009","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14657","article-title":"Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients: a review","volume":"76","author":"Gao YD","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao YD, Ding M, Dong X, et al.. Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients: a review. Allergy. 2021, 76:428-55. 10.1111\/all.14657","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.07.003","article-title":"Increased risk of hospitalization and death in patients with COVID-19 and\u00a0pre-existing noncommunicable diseases and modifiable risk factors in Mexico","volume":"51","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Galdamez DR","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Galdamez DR, Gonz\u00e1lez-Block M\u00c1, Romo-Due\u00f1as DK, Lima-Morales R, Hern\u00e1ndez-Vicente IA, Lumbreras-Guzm\u00e1n M, M\u00e9ndez-Hern\u00e1ndez P. Increased risk of hospitalization and death in patients with COVID-19 and\u00a0pre-existing noncommunicable diseases and modifiable risk factors in Mexico. Arch Med Res. 2020, 51:683-9. 10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.07.003","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Risk factors for COVID-19","volume":"28","author":"Rashedi J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rashedi J, Mahdavi Poor B, Asgharzadeh V, et al.. Risk factors for COVID-19. Infez Med. 2020, 28:469-74.","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al.. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020, 395:497-506. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10102353","article-title":"Heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula in children: state of the art","volume":"10","author":"Venanzi A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Venanzi A, Di Filippo P, Santagata C, Di Pillo S, Chiarelli F, Attanasi M. Heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula in children: state of the art. Biomedicines. 2022, 10:2353. 10.3390\/biomedicines10102353","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.09.054","article-title":"Non-respiratory presentations of COVID-19, a clinical review","volume":"38","author":"AlSamman M","year":"2020","unstructured":"AlSamman M, Caggiula A, Ganguli S, Misak M, Pourmand A. Non-respiratory presentations of COVID-19, a clinical review. Am J Emerg Med. 2020, 38:2444-54. 10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.09.054","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-021-00776-8","article-title":"Obesity in COVID-19 era, implications for mechanisms, comorbidities, and prognosis: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Aghili SM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aghili SM, Ebrahimpur M, Arjmand B, et al.. Obesity in COVID-19 era, implications for mechanisms, comorbidities, and prognosis: a review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond). 2021, 45:998-1016. 10.1038\/s41366-021-00776-8","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154373","article-title":"Association of body mass index (BMI) with critical COVID-19 and in-hospital mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"117","author":"Du Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Du Y, Lv Y, Zha W, Zhou N, Hong X. Association of body mass index (BMI) with critical COVID-19 and in-hospital mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis. Metabolism. 2021, 117:154373. 10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154373","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.595109","article-title":"Obesity increases the severity and mortality of influenza and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Zhao X","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao X, Gang X, He G, Li Z, Lv Y, Han Q, Wang G. Obesity increases the severity and mortality of influenza and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020, 11:595109. 10.3389\/fendo.2020.595109","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61729-5","article-title":"Defining the correlates of lymphopenia and independent predictors of poor clinical outcome in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in Australia","volume":"14","author":"Hastak P","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hastak P, Cromer D, Malycha J, et al.. Defining the correlates of lymphopenia and independent predictors of poor clinical outcome in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in Australia. Sci Rep. 2024, 14:11102. 10.1038\/s41598-024-61729-5","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20471\/acc.2023.62.01.10","article-title":"Is lymphopenia a predictor of mortality in patients with COVID-19?","volume":"62","author":"K\u0131l\u0131c J","year":"2023","unstructured":"K\u0131l\u0131c J, Ebik B, Bacaks\u0131z F, Ekin N, Kal\u0131n BS. Is lymphopenia a predictor of mortality in patients with COVID-19?. Acta Clin Croat. 2023, 62:82-7. 10.20471\/acc.2023.62.01.10","journal-title":"Acta Clin Croat"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.50","article-title":"TSLP promotes influenza-specific CD8+ T-cell responses by augmenting local inflammatory dendritic cell function","volume":"6","author":"Yadava K","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yadava K, Sichelstiel A, Luescher IF, Nicod LP, Harris NL, Marsland BJ. TSLP promotes influenza-specific CD8+ T-cell responses by augmenting local inflammatory dendritic cell function. Mucosal Immunol. 2013, 6:83-92. 10.1038\/mi.2012.50","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.741061","article-title":"Novel systemic inflammation markers to predict COVID-19 prognosis","volume":"12","author":"Karimi A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karimi A, Shobeiri P, Kulasinghe A, Rezaei N. Novel systemic inflammation markers to predict COVID-19 prognosis. Front Immunol. 2021, 12:741061. 10.3389\/fimmu.2021.741061","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202305-0890OC","article-title":"Host response changes and their association with mortality in COVID-19 patients with lymphopenia","volume":"209","author":"Michels EH","year":"2024","unstructured":"Michels EH, Appelman B, de Brabander J, et al.. Host response changes and their association with mortality in COVID-19 patients with lymphopenia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024, 209:402-16. 10.1164\/rccm.202305-0890OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/445999-challenges-in-predicting-intubation-in-patients-with-severe-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-on-high-flow-nasal-cannula-a-focus-on-lymphopenia-and-conventional-markers","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T21:42:30Z","timestamp":1768599750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/445999-challenges-in-predicting-intubation-in-patients-with-severe-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-on-high-flow-nasal-cannula-a-focus-on-lymphopenia-and-conventional-markers"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"references-count":16,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.101700","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]}}}