{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T15:53:05Z","timestamp":1788191585577,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.101780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T13:58:50Z","timestamp":1768744730000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS)-Derived Type 2 Diabetes Risk Variants in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence From North India"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Zoya","family":"Shakir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amita","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"A. Alsayegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abrar","family":"Fahad Alshahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fauzia","family":"Ashfaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wahid","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S002","article-title":"2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2025","volume":"48","year":"2025","unstructured":"2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes. standards of care in diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care. 2025, 48:S27-49. 10.2337\/dc25-S002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-024-02936-0","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women in India: an analysis of National Family Health Survey Data","volume":"24","author":"Chakraborty A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chakraborty A, Yadav S. Prevalence and determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women in India: an analysis of National Family Health Survey Data. BMC Womens Health. 2024, 24:147. 10.1186\/s12905-024-02936-0","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24531","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"115","author":"Buchanan TA","year":"2005","unstructured":"Buchanan TA, Xiang AH. Gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 2005, 115:485-91. 10.1172\/JCI24531","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Meeting of the Guideline Development Group for the monitoring and management of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy. (2025). Accessed: October 14, 2025: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/28-04-2025-meeting-of-the-guideline-development-group-for-the-monitoring-and-management...."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843","article-title":"Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9(th) edition","volume":"157","author":"Saeedi P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, et al.. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9(th) edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019, 157:107843. 10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195736","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus-recent literature review","volume":"11","author":"Modzelewski R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Modzelewski R, Stefanowicz-Rutkowska MM, Matuszewski W, Bandurska-Stankiewicz EM. Gestational diabetes mellitus-recent literature review. J Clin Med. 2022, 11:5736. 10.3390\/jcm11195736","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1361","article-title":"Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"369","author":"Vounzoulaki E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vounzoulaki E, Khunti K, Abner SC, Tan BK, Davies MJ, Gillies CL. Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020, 369:m1361. 10.1136\/bmj.m1361","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.02.16.23286014","article-title":"Distinct and shared genetic architectures of gestational diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus [PREPRINT]","author":"Elliott A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elliott A, Walters RK, Pirinen M, et al.. Distinct and shared genetic architectures of gestational diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus [PREPRINT]. medRxiv. 2023, 10.1101\/2023.02.16.23286014","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045882","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the relationship between common type 2 diabetes risk gene variants with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"7","author":"Mao H","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mao H, Li Q, Gao S. Meta-analysis of the relationship between common type 2 diabetes risk gene variants with gestational diabetes mellitus. PLoS One. 2012, 7:e45882. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0045882","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.921","article-title":"Genome-wide association study in individuals of South Asian ancestry identifies six new type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci","volume":"43","author":"Kooner JS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kooner JS, Saleheen D, Sim X, et al.. Genome-wide association study in individuals of South Asian ancestry identifies six new type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci. Nat Genet. 2011, 43:984-9. 10.1038\/ng.921","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2015.212","article-title":"Effect of six type II diabetes susceptibility loci and an FTO variant on obesity in Pakistani subjects","volume":"24","author":"Shabana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shabana, Ullah Shahid S, Wah Li K, Acharya J, Cooper JA, Hasnain S, Humphries SE. Effect of six type II diabetes susceptibility loci and an FTO variant on obesity in Pakistani subjects. Eur J Hum Genet. 2016, 24:903-10. 10.1038\/ejhg.2015.212","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v35i5.18706","article-title":"Genome-wide association studies-derived susceptibility loci in type 2 diabetes: confirmation in a Chinese population","volume":"35","author":"Lu S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lu S, Xie Y, Lin K, et al.. Genome-wide association studies-derived susceptibility loci in type 2 diabetes: confirmation in a Chinese population. Clin Invest Med. 2012, 35:E327. 10.25011\/cim.v35i5.18706","journal-title":"Clin Invest Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-017-1292-6","article-title":"Association of recently identified type 2 diabetes gene variants with gestational diabetes in Asian Indian population","volume":"292","author":"Kanthimathi S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kanthimathi S, Chidambaram M, Bodhini D, et al.. Association of recently identified type 2 diabetes gene variants with gestational diabetes in Asian Indian population. Mol Genet Genomics. 2017, 292:585-91. 10.1007\/s00438-017-1292-6","journal-title":"Mol Genet Genomics"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-018-0380-8","article-title":"Association between genetic risk variants and glucose intolerance during pregnancy in north Indian women","volume":"11","author":"Arora GP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arora GP, Almgren P, Br\u00f8ns C, Thaman RG, Vaag AA, Groop L, Prasad RB. Association between genetic risk variants and glucose intolerance during pregnancy in north Indian women. BMC Med Genomics. 2018, 11:64. 10.1186\/s12920-018-0380-8","journal-title":"BMC Med Genomics"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Regional prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in North India","volume":"10","author":"Siddiqui S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siddiqui S, Waghdhare S, Panda M, Sinha S, Singh P, Dubey S, Jha S. Regional prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in North India. J Diabetol. 2019, 10:25.","journal-title":"J Diabetol"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India: National Guidelines for Diagnosis & Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","year":"2014","unstructured":"National Guidelines for Diagnosis & Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India, New Delhi; 2014. https.\/\/nhm.gov.in\/images\/pdf\/programmes\/maternal-health\/guidelines\/National_Guidelines_for_Diagnosis_%26_Management_...."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S002","article-title":"2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes-2020","volume":"43","year":"2020","unstructured":"2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. standards of medical care in diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020, 43:S14-31. 10.2337\/dc20-S002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-014-0660-5","article-title":"Comparison of screening for gestational diabetes mellitus by oral glucose tolerance tests done in the non-fasting (random) and fasting states","volume":"51","author":"Mohan V","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mohan V, Mahalakshmi MM, Bhavadharini B, et al.. Comparison of screening for gestational diabetes mellitus by oral glucose tolerance tests done in the non-fasting (random) and fasting states. Acta Diabetol. 2014, 51:1007-13. 10.1007\/s00592-014-0660-5","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"\"How much should I weigh?\"--Quetelet's equation, upper weight limits, and BMI prime","volume":"70","author":"Gadzik J","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gadzik J. \"How much should I weigh?\"--Quetelet's equation, upper weight limits, and BMI prime. Conn Med. 2006, 70:81-8.","journal-title":"Conn Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(02)00152-3","article-title":"Excess maternal transmission and familial aggregation of type 2 diabetes in Sri Lanka","volume":"58","author":"De Silva SN","year":"2002","unstructured":"De Silva SN, Weerasuriya N, De Alwis NM, et al.. Excess maternal transmission and familial aggregation of type 2 diabetes in Sri Lanka. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2002, 58:173-7. 10.1016\/S0168-8227(02)00152-3","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(98)01295-1","article-title":"The AP-3 complex: a coat of many colours","volume":"8","author":"Odorizzi G","year":"1998","unstructured":"Odorizzi G, Cowles CR, Emr SD. The AP-3 complex: a coat of many colours. Trends Cell Biol. 1998, 8:282-8. 10.1016\/S0962-8924(98)01295-1","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2016_1299","article-title":"The Gas6 gene rs8191974 and Ap3s2 gene rs2028299 are associated with type 2 diabetes in the northern Chinese Han population","volume":"64","author":"Kazakova EV","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kazakova EV, Zghuang T, Li T, Fang Q, Han J, Qiao H. The Gas6 gene rs8191974 and Ap3s2 gene rs2028299 are associated with type 2 diabetes in the northern Chinese Han population. Acta Biochim Pol. 2017, 64:227-31. 10.18388\/abp.2016_1299","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Pol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(11)70010-9","article-title":"The dual control of insulin secretion by glucose involves triggering and amplifying pathways in beta-cells","volume":"93","author":"Henquin JC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Henquin JC. The dual control of insulin secretion by glucose involves triggering and amplifying pathways in beta-cells. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011, 93:27-31. 10.1016\/S0168-8227(11)70010-9","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.07.009","article-title":"Glutamate pathways of the beta-cell and the control of insulin secretion","volume":"131","author":"Maechler P","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maechler P. Glutamate pathways of the beta-cell and the control of insulin secretion. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017, 131:149-53. 10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.07.009","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18295\/2075-0528.2923","article-title":"Genetic screening of genome-wide association studies-derived risk loci for type 2 diabetes mellitus: confirmation in the North Indian population","volume":"25","author":"Shakir Z","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shakir Z, Siddiqui KU, Himanshu D, Ali W. Genetic screening of genome-wide association studies-derived risk loci for type 2 diabetes mellitus: confirmation in the North Indian population. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2025, 25:929-37. 10.18295\/2075-0528.2923","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9084(01)01301-3","article-title":"The human sialyltransferase family","volume":"83","author":"Harduin-Lepers A","year":"2001","unstructured":"Harduin-Lepers A, Vallejo-Ruiz V, Krzewinski-Recchi MA, et al.. The human sialyltransferase family. Biochimie. 2001, 83:727-37. 10.1016\/S0300-9084(01)01301-3","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241850","article-title":"Regulation of inflammatory signaling by the ST6Gal-I sialyltransferase","volume":"15","author":"Holdbrooks AT","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holdbrooks AT, Ankenbauer KE, Hwang J, Bellis SL. Regulation of inflammatory signaling by the ST6Gal-I sialyltransferase. PLoS One. 2020, 15:e0241850. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0241850","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(00)00144-3","article-title":"Relation of serum total sialic acid concentrations with diabetic complications and cardiovascular risk factors in Kuwaiti type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"50","author":"Abdella N","year":"2000","unstructured":"Abdella N, Akanji AO, Mojiminiyi OA, et al.. Relation of serum total sialic acid concentrations with diabetic complications and cardiovascular risk factors in Kuwaiti type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2000, 50:65-72. 10.1016\/S0168-8227(00)00144-3","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.137.1.79","article-title":"Endosome to Golgi retrieval of the vacuolar protein sorting receptor, Vps10p, requires the function of the VPS29, VPS30, and VPS35 gene products","volume":"137","author":"Seaman MN","year":"1997","unstructured":"Seaman MN, Marcusson EG, Cereghino JL, Emr SD. Endosome to Golgi retrieval of the vacuolar protein sorting receptor, Vps10p, requires the function of the VPS29, VPS30, and VPS35 gene products. J Cell Biol. 1997, 137:79-92. 10.1083\/jcb.137.1.79","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/452307-genome-wide-association-study-gwas-derived-type-2-diabetes-risk-variants-in-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-evidence-from-north-india","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T13:58:51Z","timestamp":1768744731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/452307-genome-wide-association-study-gwas-derived-type-2-diabetes-risk-variants-in-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-evidence-from-north-india"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.101780","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]]}}}