{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T09:39:33Z","timestamp":1769074773180,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.102002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T17:34:46Z","timestamp":1769016886000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acute Psychosis as the Sole Initial Manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Diagnostic Challenge"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Airenakho","family":"Emorinken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick O","family":"Adunbiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mercy O","family":"Dic-Ijiewere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mojeed  O","family":"Rafiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ndidi N","family":"Akerele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02168-0","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus: Updated insights on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and therapeutics","volume":"10","author":"Dai X","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dai X, Fan Y, Zhao X. Systemic lupus erythematosus: Updated insights on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025, 10:102. 10.1038\/s41392-025-02168-0","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.998328","article-title":"Pathogenesis and treatment of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: A review","volume":"10","author":"Liu Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Y, Tu Z, Zhang X, Du K, Xie Z, Lin Z. Pathogenesis and treatment of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: A review. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022, 10:998328. 10.3389\/fcell.2022.998328","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4078\/jrd.2019.26.2.93","article-title":"Psychiatric symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus: Diagnosis and treatment","volume":"26","author":"Yoon S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoon S, Kang DH, Choi TY. Psychiatric symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus: Diagnosis and treatment. J Rheum Dis. 2019, 26:93-103. 10.4078\/jrd.2019.26.2.93","journal-title":"J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2025.101981","article-title":"Diffuse neuropsychiatric lupus: Clinical evidence, immune-mediated mechanisms, and therapeutic insights","volume":"79","author":"Weissman-Tsukamoto R","year":"2025","unstructured":"Weissman-Tsukamoto R, Carroll KR, Diamond B. Diffuse neuropsychiatric lupus: Clinical evidence, immune-mediated mechanisms, and therapeutic insights. Semin Immunol. 2025, 79:101981. 10.1016\/j.smim.2025.101981","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.17969","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: A 2021 update on diagnosis, management, and current challenges","volume":"13","author":"Sarwar S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sarwar S, Mohamed AS, Rogers S, et al.. Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: A 2021 update on diagnosis, management, and current challenges. Cureus. 2021, 13:e17969. 10.7759\/cureus.17969","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1111769","article-title":"The conundrum of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: Current and novel approaches to diagnosis","volume":"14","author":"Emerson JS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Emerson JS, Gruenewald SM, Gomes L, Lin MW, Swaminathan S. The conundrum of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: Current and novel approaches to diagnosis. Front Neurol. 2023, 14:1111769. 10.3389\/fneur.2023.1111769","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken260","article-title":"Psychosis due to systemic lupus erythematosus: Characteristics and long-term outcome of this rare manifestation of the disease","volume":"47","author":"Pego-Reigosa JM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pego-Reigosa JM, Isenberg DA. Psychosis due to systemic lupus erythematosus: Characteristics and long-term outcome of this rare manifestation of the disease. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008, 47:1498-502. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken260","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1475_20","article-title":"Acute psychosis as the presenting manifestation of lupus","volume":"10","author":"Kumar P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar P, Kumar A, Thakur V, Sharma CB, Thomas A, Chatterjee S. Acute psychosis as the presenting manifestation of lupus. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021, 10:1050-3. 10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1475_20","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.1793","article-title":"Primary psychiatric disorder masking the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric lupus in a patient with altered mental status: A case report","volume":"9","author":"Perez O","year":"2017","unstructured":"Perez O, Dave K, Almanzar A, Prodhan T, Concepion L. Primary psychiatric disorder masking the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric lupus in a patient with altered mental status: A case report. Cureus. 2017, 9:e1793. 10.7759\/cureus.1793","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reumae.2025.501842","article-title":"Diagnostic treatment of dilemma in systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with psychotic symptoms: A case series","volume":"21","author":"Sever Fidan Y","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sever Fidan Y, Yasemin Calli S, Akif Sakiroglu M, Alomari O. Diagnostic treatment of dilemma in systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with psychotic symptoms: A case series. Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed). 2025, 21:501842. 10.1016\/j.reumae.2025.501842","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29040747","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: Molecules involved in its immunopathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment","volume":"29","author":"Justiz-Vaillant AA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Justiz-Vaillant AA, Gopaul D, Soodeen S, et al.. Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: Molecules involved in its immunopathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment. Molecules. 2024, 29:747. 10.3390\/molecules29040747","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.61678","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Rice-Canetto TE","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rice-Canetto TE, Joshi SJ, Kyan KA, Siddiqi J. Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review. Cureus. 2024, 16:e61678. 10.7759\/cureus.61678","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199904)42:4<599::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology nomenclature and case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes","volume":"42","year":"1999","unstructured":"The American College of Rheumatology nomenclature and case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes. Arthritis Rheum. 1999, 42.599-608. 10.1002\/1529-0131(199904)42:4&lt;599::AID-ANR2&gt;3.0.CO;2-F","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22551\/2025.48.1203.10327","article-title":"Psychosis-predominant neuropsychiatric lupus in a severely malnourished adolescent: A diagnostic challenge","volume":"12","author":"Dwivedi M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dwivedi M, Cheema MA, Ghuman Z, Iftikhar A. Psychosis-predominant neuropsychiatric lupus in a severely malnourished adolescent: A diagnostic challenge. Arch Clin Cases. 2025, 12:136-9. 10.22551\/2025.48.1203.10327","journal-title":"Arch Clin Cases"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1626721","article-title":"Case report: A patient presenting primarily with psychosis of NPSLE treated with telitacicept, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants","volume":"16","author":"Xie W","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xie W, Chen P, Luo L. Case report: A patient presenting primarily with psychosis of NPSLE treated with telitacicept, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants. Front Immunol. 2025, 16:1626721. 10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1626721","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S2661341719300015","article-title":"Management of psychosis in neuropsychiatric lupus","volume":"19","author":"Kang D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kang D, Mok CC. Management of psychosis in neuropsychiatric lupus. J Clin Rheumatol Immunol. 2019, 19:9-17. 10.1142\/S2661341719300015","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol Immunol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2025-001550","article-title":"Anti-ribosomal-P protein antibodies and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): In a cross-sectional study of Danish adult patients with SLE, no significant association is found between anti-ribosomal-P and neuropsychiatric SLE","volume":"12","author":"Kamstrup SL","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kamstrup SL, Schmidt NS, Langkilde HZ, Nilsson AC, Voss A. Anti-ribosomal-P protein antibodies and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): In a cross-sectional study of Danish adult patients with SLE, no significant association is found between anti-ribosomal-P and neuropsychiatric SLE. Lupus Sci Med. 2025, 12:e001550. 10.1136\/lupus-2025-001550","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2014-000050","article-title":"Brain MRI in patients with diffuse psychiatric\/neuropsychological syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"1","author":"Arinuma Y","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arinuma Y, Kikuchi H, Wada T, Nagai T, Tanaka S, Oba H, Hirohata S. Brain MRI in patients with diffuse psychiatric\/neuropsychological syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus Sci Med. 2014, 1:e000050. 10.1136\/lupus-2014-000050","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/457067-acute-psychosis-as-the-sole-initial-manifestation-of-systemic-lupus-erythematosus-a-diagnostic-challenge","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T17:34:46Z","timestamp":1769016886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/457067-acute-psychosis-as-the-sole-initial-manifestation-of-systemic-lupus-erythematosus-a-diagnostic-challenge"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"references-count":18,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.102002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]}}}