{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T11:47:49Z","timestamp":1769255269221,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.102114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T04:39:47Z","timestamp":1769143187000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Forgotten Triangular Space: Anatomy, Disease Mechanisms, and Contemporary Management of Interdental Embrasures\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Shweta Ann","family":"Jacob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reshma","family":"Suresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shankar S","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Kurumathur Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biju","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Rajan Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.16-0517","article-title":"Periodontal health","volume":"89 Suppl 1","author":"Lang NP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lang NP, Bartold PM. Periodontal health. J Periodontol. 2018, 89 Suppl 1:S9-16. 10.1002\/JPER.16-0517","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"","author":"American Academy of Periodontology","year":"1989","unstructured":"American Academy of Periodontology. Proceedings of the World workshop in clinical periodontics. American Academy of Periodontology, Chicago; 1989. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/proceedingsofwor0000worl_x8z5\/page\/n3\/mode\/2up."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0576","article-title":"Plaque-induced gingivitis: case definition and diagnostic considerations","volume":"89 Suppl 1","author":"Trombelli L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Trombelli L, Farina R, Silva CO, Tatakis DN. Plaque-induced gingivitis: case definition and diagnostic considerations. J Periodontol. 2018, 89 Suppl 1:S46-73. 10.1002\/JPER.17-0576","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0721","article-title":"Periodontitis: consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 world workshop on the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions","volume":"89 Suppl 1","author":"Papapanou PN","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N, et al.. Periodontitis: consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 world workshop on the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. J Periodontol. 2018, 89 Suppl 1:S173-82. 10.1002\/JPER.17-0721","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13506","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of severe periodontitis, 1990-2019: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"48","author":"Chen MX","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen MX, Zhong YJ, Dong QQ, Wong HM, Wen YF. Global, regional, and national burden of severe periodontitis, 1990-2019: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. J Clin Periodontol. 2021, 48:1165-88. 10.1111\/jcpe.13506","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"","author":"Newman MG","year":"2019","unstructured":"Newman MG, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Newman and Carranza's Clinical Periodontology. Elsevier, Philadelphia; 2019. https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?id=Rfg_swEACAAJ&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1961.32.3.261","article-title":"Dimensions and relations of the dentogingival junction in humans","volume":"32","author":"Gargiulo AW","year":"1961","unstructured":"Gargiulo AW, Wentz FM, Orban B. Dimensions and relations of the dentogingival junction in humans. J Periodontol. 1961, 32:261-7. 10.1902\/jop.1961.32.3.261","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(61)90290-0","article-title":"Morphology of interdental gingival tissues","volume":"14","author":"KO JT","year":"1961","unstructured":"KO JT, ZA HA. Morphology of interdental gingival tissues. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1961, 14:287-95. 10.1016\/0030-4220(61)90290-0","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1992.63.12.995","article-title":"The effect of the distance from the contact point to the crest of bone on the presence or absence of the interproximal dental papilla","volume":"63","author":"Tarnow DP","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tarnow DP, Magner AW, Fletcher P. The effect of the distance from the contact point to the crest of bone on the presence or absence of the interproximal dental papilla. J Periodontol. 1992, 63:995-6. 10.1902\/jop.1992.63.12.995","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01398.x","article-title":"The gingival biotype revisited: transparency of the periodontal probe through the gingival margin as a method to discriminate thin from thick gingiva","volume":"36","author":"De Rouck T","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Rouck T, Eghbali R, Collys K, De Bruyn H, Cosyn J. The gingival biotype revisited: transparency of the periodontal probe through the gingival margin as a method to discriminate thin from thick gingiva. J Clin Periodontol. 2009, 36:428-33. 10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01398.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Interdental papilla management: a review and classification of the therapeutic approaches","volume":"24","author":"Prato GP","year":"2004","unstructured":"Prato GP, Rotundo R, Cortellini P, Tinti C, Azzi R. Interdental papilla management: a review and classification of the therapeutic approaches. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2004, 24:246-55.","journal-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(77)90001-x","article-title":"The diastema, the frenum, the frenectomy: a clinical study","volume":"71","author":"Edwards JG","year":"1977","unstructured":"Edwards JG. The diastema, the frenum, the frenectomy: a clinical study. Am J Orthod. 1977, 71:489-508. 10.1016\/0002-9416(77)90001-x","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1930.0218","article-title":"Food impaction","volume":"17","author":"Hirschfeld I","year":"1930","unstructured":"Hirschfeld I. Food impaction. J Am Dent Assoc. 1930, 17:1504-28. 10.14219\/jada.archive.1930.0218","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal disease. A summary of current work","volume":"34","author":"Page RC","year":"1976","unstructured":"Page RC, Schroeder HE. Pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal disease. A summary of current work. Lab Invest. 1976, 34:235-49.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.2009.00307.x","article-title":"Esthetic considerations in interdental papilla: remediation and regeneration","volume":"22","author":"Sharma AA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sharma AA, Park JH. Esthetic considerations in interdental papilla: remediation and regeneration. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2010, 22:18-28. 10.1111\/j.1708-8240.2009.00307.x","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.12.1785","article-title":"Vertical distance from the crest of bone to the height of the interproximal papilla between adjacent implants","volume":"74","author":"Tarnow D","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tarnow D, Elian N, Fletcher P, et al.. Vertical distance from the crest of bone to the height of the interproximal papilla between adjacent implants. J Periodontol. 2003, 74:1785-8. 10.1902\/jop.2003.74.12.1785","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1998.69.10.1124","article-title":"A classification system for loss of papillary height","volume":"69","author":"Nordland WP","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nordland WP, Tarnow DP. A classification system for loss of papillary height. J Periodontol. 1998, 69:1124-6. 10.1902\/jop.1998.69.10.1124","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.25104","article-title":"Evaluation of the hyaluronic acid versus the injectable platelet-rich fibrin in the management of the thin gingival phenotype: a split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"14","author":"Faour NH","year":"2022","unstructured":"Faour NH, Dayoub S, Hajeer MY. Evaluation of the hyaluronic acid versus the injectable platelet-rich fibrin in the management of the thin gingival phenotype: a split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial. Cureus. 2022, 14:e25104. 10.7759\/cureus.25104","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.36575","article-title":"Efficacy of hyaluronic acid in relieving post-implantation pain: a split-mouth randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Alkhateeb WH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alkhateeb WH, Mashlah AM, Hajeer MY, Aljoujou AA. Efficacy of hyaluronic acid in relieving post-implantation pain: a split-mouth randomized controlled trial. Cureus. 2023, 15:e36575. 10.7759\/cureus.36575","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/fid.v20i19.12867","article-title":"Application of hyaluronic acid for treatment of interdental papillary deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Makdisi J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Makdisi J, Akbari S, Zayeri F, AslRoosta H, Yaghobee S. Application of hyaluronic acid for treatment of interdental papillary deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Dent. 2023, 20:19. 10.18502\/fid.v20i19.12867","journal-title":"Front Dent"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2133-z","article-title":"Use of platelet-rich fibrin in regenerative dentistry: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Miron RJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miron RJ, Zucchelli G, Pikos MA, et al.. Use of platelet-rich fibrin in regenerative dentistry: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig. 2017, 21:1913-27. 10.1007\/s00784-017-2133-z","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.4.655","article-title":"Interdental papilla augmentation procedure following orthodontic treatment in a periodontal patient","volume":"76","author":"Cardaropoli D","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cardaropoli D, Re S. Interdental papilla augmentation procedure following orthodontic treatment in a periodontal patient. J Periodontol. 2005, 76:655-61. 10.1902\/jop.2005.76.4.655","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Black triangle dilemma and its management in esthetic dentistry","volume":"10","author":"Singh VP","year":"2013","unstructured":"Singh VP, Uppoor AS, Nayak DG, Shah D. Black triangle dilemma and its management in esthetic dentistry. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2013, 10:296-301.","journal-title":"Dent Res J (Isfahan)"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12224","article-title":"Coronally advanced flap with and without connective tissue graft for the treatment of multiple gingival recessions: a comparative short- and long-term controlled randomized clinical trial","volume":"41","author":"Zucchelli G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zucchelli G, Mounssif I, Mazzotti C, Stefanini M, Marzadori M, Petracci E, Montebugnoli L. Coronally advanced flap with and without connective tissue graft for the treatment of multiple gingival recessions: a comparative short- and long-term controlled randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2014, 41:396-403. 10.1111\/jcpe.12224","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1996.tb00184.x","article-title":"Progress in gingival papilla reconstruction","volume":"11","author":"Han TJ","year":"1996","unstructured":"Han TJ, Takei HH. Progress in gingival papilla reconstruction. Periodontol 2000. 1996, 11:65-8. 10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1996.tb00184.x","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Root coverage and papilla reconstruction using autogenous osseous and connective tissue grafts","volume":"21","author":"Azzi R","year":"2001","unstructured":"Azzi R, Takei HH, Etienne D, Carranza FA. Root coverage and papilla reconstruction using autogenous osseous and connective tissue grafts. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2001, 21:141-7.","journal-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-05109-5","article-title":"Efficacy of the injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) in gingival phenotype modification: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"24","author":"Idris MI","year":"2024","unstructured":"Idris MI, Burhan AS, Hajeer MY, Sultan K, Nawaya FR. Efficacy of the injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) in gingival phenotype modification: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Oral Health. 2024, 24:1331. 10.1186\/s12903-024-05109-5","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.82432","article-title":"3D bioprinting: shaping the future of periodontal tissue regeneration and disease management","volume":"17","author":"Acharya JR","year":"2025","unstructured":"Acharya JR, Kumar S, Girdhar GA, et al.. 3D bioprinting: shaping the future of periodontal tissue regeneration and disease management. Cureus. 2025, 17:e82432. 10.7759\/cureus.82432","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/456981-the-forgotten-triangular-space-anatomy-disease-mechanisms-and-contemporary-management-of-interdental-embrasuresa-narrative-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T04:39:48Z","timestamp":1769143188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/456981-the-forgotten-triangular-space-anatomy-disease-mechanisms-and-contemporary-management-of-interdental-embrasuresa-narrative-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.102114","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]}}}