{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T22:18:53Z","timestamp":1769465933128,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.102300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T11:44:35Z","timestamp":1769427875000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Morphological Variations of the Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery: Prevalence, Age and Sex-Related Associations, and Imaging Insights From Magnetic Resonance Angiography"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ashish","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Islam","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoj  M","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hetal","family":"Vaishnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashutosh","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parth","family":"Chandubhai Savaliya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181f6c880","article-title":"Exploring the critical distance and position relationships between the Eustachian tube and the internal carotid artery","volume":"31","author":"Bergin M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bergin M, Bird P, Cowan I, Pearson JF. Exploring the critical distance and position relationships between the Eustachian tube and the internal carotid artery. Otol Neurotol. 2010, 31:1511-5. 10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181f6c880","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24071","article-title":"Aberrant extracranial internal carotid arteries: New insights, implications, and demand for a clinical grading system","volume":"38 Suppl 1","author":"Pfeiffer J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pfeiffer J, Becker C, Ridder GJ. Aberrant extracranial internal carotid arteries: New insights, implications, and demand for a clinical grading system. Head Neck. 2016, 38 Suppl 1:E687-93. 10.1002\/hed.24071","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-020-02014-0","article-title":"Prevalence and morphological changes of carotid kinking and coiling in growth: an echo-color Doppler study of 2856 subjects between aged 0 to 96\u00a0years","volume":"37","author":"Di Pino L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Di Pino L, Franchina AG, Costa S, et al.. Prevalence and morphological changes of carotid kinking and coiling in growth: an echo-color Doppler study of 2856 subjects between aged 0 to 96\u00a0years. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021, 37:479-84. 10.1007\/s10554-020-02014-0","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2017.05.008","article-title":"Clinically significant anatomical variation of the retropharyngeal internal carotid arteries","volume":"12","author":"Gill JK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gill JK, Sadiq M, Badar Z, Ezhapilli S. Clinically significant anatomical variation of the retropharyngeal internal carotid arteries. Radiol Case Rep. 2017, 12:514-8. 10.1016\/j.radcr.2017.05.008","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.15.1.7","article-title":"Tortuosity, coiling, and kinking of the internal carotid artery. I. etiology and radiographic anatomy","volume":"15","author":"WE J","year":"1965","unstructured":"WE J, FI WS. Tortuosity, coiling, and kinking of the internal carotid artery. I. etiology and radiographic anatomy. Neurology. 1965, 15:7-18. 10.1212\/wnl.15.1.7","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.6.6.649","article-title":"Kinks, coils, and carotids: a review","volume":"6","author":"Desai B","year":"1975","unstructured":"Desai B, Toole JF. Kinks, coils, and carotids: a review. Stroke. 1975, 6:649-53. 10.1161\/01.str.6.6.649","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Extracranial internal carotid artery tortuosity and body mass index","volume":"8","author":"Wang HF","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang HF, Wang DM, Wang JJ, et al.. Extracranial internal carotid artery tortuosity and body mass index. Front Neurol. 2017, 8:508.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-012-0958-3","article-title":"Course anomalies of extracranial internal carotid artery and their relationship with pharyngeal wall: an evaluation with multislice CT","volume":"34","author":"Ekici F","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ekici F, Tekbas G, Onder H, et al.. Course anomalies of extracranial internal carotid artery and their relationship with pharyngeal wall: an evaluation with multislice CT. Surg Radiol Anat. 2012, 34:625-31. 10.1007\/s00276-012-0958-3","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319709336417","article-title":"Are kinking and coiling of carotid artery congenital or acquired?","volume":"61","author":"Beigelman R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Beigelman R, Izaguirre AM, Robles M, Grana DR, Ambrosio G, Milei J. Are kinking and coiling of carotid artery congenital or acquired?. Angiology. 2010, 61:107-12. 10.1177\/0003319709336417","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-016-1652-7","article-title":"Extracranial internal carotid artery: anatomical variations in asymptomatic patients","volume":"38","author":"Cappabianca S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cappabianca S, Somma F, Negro A, Rotondo M, Scuotto A, Rotondo A. Extracranial internal carotid artery: anatomical variations in asymptomatic patients. Surg Radiol Anat. 2016, 38:893-902. 10.1007\/s00276-016-1652-7","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.10.002","article-title":"Coiling of the left common carotid artery as a cause of transient ischemic attacks","volume":"45","author":"Milic DJ","year":"2007","unstructured":"Milic DJ, Jovanovic MM, Zivic SS, Jankovic RJ. Coiling of the left common carotid artery as a cause of transient ischemic attacks. J Vasc Surg. 2007, 45:411-3.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1964.01320010136014","article-title":"Kinked internal carotid artery. Clinical evaluation and surgical correction","volume":"89","author":"Najafi H","year":"1964","unstructured":"Najafi H, Javid H, Dye WS. Kinked internal carotid artery. Clinical evaluation and surgical correction. Arch Surg. 1964, 89:134-43. 10.1001\/archsurg.1964.01320010136014","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of pathological deformity of the internal carotid artery","volume":"17","author":"Pokrovski\u012d AV","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pokrovski\u012d AV, Beloiartsev DF, Timina IE, Adyrkhaev ZA. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of pathological deformity of the internal carotid artery. Angiol Sosud Khir. 2011, 17:7-18.","journal-title":"Angiol Sosud Khir"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Surgical approach to kinking and coiling of the internal carotid artery","volume":"45","author":"Aleksic M","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aleksic M, Sch\u00fctz G, Gerth S, Mulch J. Surgical approach to kinking and coiling of the internal carotid artery. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2004, 45:43-8.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000225056.66762.f9","article-title":"Ischemic stroke in an adolescent with arterial tortuosity syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Cartwright MS","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cartwright MS, Hickling WH, Roach ES. Ischemic stroke in an adolescent with arterial tortuosity syndrome. Neurology. 2006, 67:360-1. 10.1212\/01.wnl.0000225056.66762.f9","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.567232","article-title":"Correlation between internal carotid artery tortuosity and imaging of cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"11","author":"Chen YC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen YC, Wei XE, Lu J, Qiao RH, Shen XF, Li YH. Correlation between internal carotid artery tortuosity and imaging of cerebral small vessel disease. Front Neurol. 2020, 11:567232. 10.3389\/fneur.2020.567232","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12010017","article-title":"Fractional flow reserve in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in a patient with coronary artery ectasia","volume":"12","author":"Zalewska-Adamiec M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zalewska-Adamiec M, Kuzma L, Bachorzewska-Gajewska H, Dobrzycki S. Fractional flow reserve in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in a patient with coronary artery ectasia. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021, 12:10017. 10.3390\/diagnostics12010017","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.6417","article-title":"Vascular thoracic outlet syndrome: protocol design and diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography and equilibrium phase imaging on 1.5- and 3-T MRI scanners","volume":"198","author":"Ersoy H","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ersoy H, Steigner ML, Coyner KB, Gerhard-Herman MD, Rybicki FJ, Bueno R, Nguyen LL. Vascular thoracic outlet syndrome: protocol design and diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography and equilibrium phase imaging on 1.5- and 3-T MRI scanners. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012, 198:1180-7. 10.2214\/AJR.11.6417","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36660\/abcimg.20230012i","article-title":"Carotid artery kinking and tortuosity","volume":"36","author":"Cantisano AL","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cantisano AL, Grubert RM . Carotid artery kinking and tortuosity. Arq Bras Cardiol Imagem Cardiovasc. 2023, 36:10.36660\/abcimg.20230012i","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol Imagem Cardiovasc"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(61)90004-6","article-title":"Kinking of the internal carotid artery","volume":"277","author":"Metz H","year":"1961","unstructured":"Metz H, Bannister RG, Murray-Leslie RM. Kinking of the internal carotid artery. Lancet. 1961, 277:424-6. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(61)90004-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-024-03425-7","article-title":"Anatomical variations of the extracranial internal carotid artery: prevalence, risk factors, and imaging insights from CT-angiography","volume":"46","author":"Barfzadeh A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barfzadeh A, Saba M, Pourzand P, Jalalifar MR, Alizadeh SD, Mirkamali H, Rukerd MR. Anatomical variations of the extracranial internal carotid artery: prevalence, risk factors, and imaging insights from CT-angiography. Surg Radiol Anat. 2024, 46:1295-9. 10.1007\/s00276-024-03425-7","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.858805","article-title":"Age-related tortuosity of carotid and vertebral arteries: quantitative evaluation with Mr angiography","volume":"13","author":"Sun Z","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun Z, Jiang D, Liu P, et al.. Age-related tortuosity of carotid and vertebral arteries: quantitative evaluation with Mr angiography. Front Neurol. 2022, 13:858805. 10.3389\/fneur.2022.858805","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Carotid artery tortuosity, kinking, coiling: stroke risk factor, marker, or curiosity?","volume":"105","author":"Togay-I\u015fikay C","year":"2005","unstructured":"Togay-I\u015fikay C, Kim J, Betterman K, et al.. Carotid artery tortuosity, kinking, coiling: stroke risk factor, marker, or curiosity?. Acta Neurol Belg. 2005, 105:68-72.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-07182-4","article-title":"Intervertebral disc degeneration, age, and sex affect the range of motion of the cervical spine","volume":"15","author":"Liebsch C","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liebsch C, Greiner-Perth AK, Vogt M, Vieres V, Jonas R, Kienle A, Wilke HJ. Intervertebral disc degeneration, age, and sex affect the range of motion of the cervical spine. Sci Rep. 2025, 15:23540. 10.1038\/s41598-025-07182-4","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/423885-morphological-variations-of-the-extracranial-internal-carotid-artery-prevalence-age-and-sex-related-associations-and-imaging-insights-from-magnetic-resonance-angiography","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T11:44:36Z","timestamp":1769427876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/423885-morphological-variations-of-the-extracranial-internal-carotid-artery-prevalence-age-and-sex-related-associations-and-imaging-insights-from-magnetic-resonance-angiography"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.102300","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]}}}