{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T13:24:56Z","timestamp":1769520296275,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.102343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:56:06Z","timestamp":1769475366000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Renal Salvage in Pyonephrosis: A Retrospective Observational Study at a Tertiary Care Center in North India"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Syed Shakeeb","family":"Arsalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aamir B","family":"Raina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul R","family":"Khawaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arif","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sajad  A","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sajad A","family":"Para","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saqib","family":"Mehdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Aadil S","family":"Andrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gokul","family":"Kannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uvaisullah","family":"Quadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0272-6386(12)80975-9","article-title":"The pathophysiology of obstructive nephropathy: the role of vasoactive compounds in the hemodynamic and structural abnormalities of the obstructed kidney","volume":"23","author":"Klahr S","year":"1994","unstructured":"Klahr S, Pukerson ML. The pathophysiology of obstructive nephropathy: the role of vasoactive compounds in the hemodynamic and structural abnormalities of the obstructed kidney. Am J Kidney Dis. 1994, 23:219-223. 10.1016\/s0272-6386(12)80975-9","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.198.2.8596845","article-title":"Acute gas-producing bacterial renal infection: correlation between imaging findings and clinical outcome","volume":"198","author":"Wan YL","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wan YL, Lee TY, Bullard MJ, Tsai CC. Acute gas-producing bacterial renal infection: correlation between imaging findings and clinical outcome. Radiology. 1996, 198:433-438. 10.1148\/radiology.198.2.8596845","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.140.5.991","article-title":"Sonography of pyonephrosis: a prospective study","volume":"140","author":"Subramanyam BR","year":"1983","unstructured":"Subramanyam BR, Raghavendra BN, Bosniak MA, Lefleur RS, Rosen RJ, Horii SC. Sonography of pyonephrosis: a prospective study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1983, 140:991-993. 10.2214\/ajr.140.5.991","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410x.1982.tb13524.x","article-title":"Pyonephrosis: a critical review of 131 cases","volume":"54","author":"Androulakakis PA","year":"1982","unstructured":"Androulakakis PA. Pyonephrosis: a critical review of 131 cases. Br J Urol. 1982, 54:89-92. 10.1111\/j.1464-410x.1982.tb13524.x","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-019-0228-9","article-title":"Urogenital tuberculosis - epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical features","volume":"16","author":"Muneer A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muneer A, Macrae B, Krishnamoorthy S, Zumla A. Urogenital tuberculosis - epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical features. Nat Rev Urol. 2019, 16:573-598. 10.1038\/s41585-019-0228-9","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31729\/jnma.8015","article-title":"Pyonephrosis among patients with pyelonephritis admitted in the Department of Nephrology and Urology of a tertiary care centre: a descriptive cross-sectional study","volume":"61","author":"Kumar LP","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar LP, Khan I, Kishore A, Gopal M, Behera V. Pyonephrosis among patients with pyelonephritis admitted in the Department of Nephrology and Urology of a tertiary care centre: a descriptive cross-sectional study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2023, 61:111-114. 10.31729\/jnma.8015","journal-title":"JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.UTI-0012-2012","article-title":"Gram-positive uropathogens, polymicrobial urinary tract infection, and the emerging microbiota of the urinary tract","volume":"4","author":"Kline KA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kline KA, Lewis AL. Gram-positive uropathogens, polymicrobial urinary tract infection, and the emerging microbiota of the urinary tract. Microbiol Spectr. 2016, 4:10.1128\/microbiolspec.UTI-0012-2012","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000132697","article-title":"Ultrasonographic and computed tomography findings in renal suppurations: performance indicators and risks for diagnostic failure","volume":"80","author":"Stojadinovi\u0107 M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stojadinovi\u0107 M, Mi\u0107i\u0107 S, Milovanovi\u0107 D. Ultrasonographic and computed tomography findings in renal suppurations: performance indicators and risks for diagnostic failure. Urol Int. 2008, 80:389-397. 10.1159\/000132697","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11020331","article-title":"Pyonephrosis ultrasound and computed tomography features: a pictorial review","volume":"11","author":"Tamburrini S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tamburrini S, Lugar\u00e0 M, Iannuzzi M, et al.. Pyonephrosis ultrasound and computed tomography features: a pictorial review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021, 11:331. 10.3390\/diagnostics11020331","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3401842","article-title":"Emergent percutaneous nephrostomy for pyonephrosis: a primer for the on-call interventional radiologist","volume":"37","author":"Florido C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Florido C, Herren JL, Pandhi MB, Niemeyer MM. Emergent percutaneous nephrostomy for pyonephrosis: a primer for the on-call interventional radiologist. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2020, 37:74-84. 10.1055\/s-0039-3401842","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)66434-8","article-title":"Percutaneous nephrostomy versus ureteral stenting in acute ureteral obstruction: results of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"165","author":"Mokhmalji H","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mokhmalji H, Braun PM, Martinez Portillo FJ, et al.. Percutaneous nephrostomy versus ureteral stenting in acute ureteral obstruction: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Urol. 2001, 165:1088-1092. 10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)66434-8","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-020-0362-4","article-title":"Epidemiology, definition and treatment of complicated urinary tract infections","volume":"17","author":"Wagenlehner FM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wagenlehner FM, Bjerklund Johansen TE, Cai T, Koves B, Kranz J, Pilatz A, Tandogdu Z. Epidemiology, definition and treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. Nat Rev Urol. 2020, 17:586-600. 10.1038\/s41585-020-0362-4","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47717\/turkjsurg.2025.2025-4-26","article-title":"A prospective study on the outcome of pyonephrosis and infected hydronephrosis drained by percutaneous nephrostomy - a tertiary care centre experience","volume":"41","author":"Maiti K","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maiti K, Maity S, Santra A, Sarkar D. A prospective study on the outcome of pyonephrosis and infected hydronephrosis drained by percutaneous nephrostomy - a tertiary care centre experience. Turk J Surg. 2025, 41:411-417. 10.47717\/turkjsurg.2025.2025-4-26","journal-title":"Turk J Surg"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.07.054","article-title":"Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy for pyonephrotic nonfunctioning kidney","volume":"75","author":"Hemal AK","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hemal AK, Mishra S. Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy for pyonephrotic nonfunctioning kidney. Urology. 2010, 75:585-588. 10.1016\/j.urology.2008.07.054","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-020-00992-5","article-title":"Challenges and management of laparoscopic treatment of pyonephrosis caused by calculi","volume":"20","author":"Liu J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu J, Chen L, An L, et al.. Challenges and management of laparoscopic treatment of pyonephrosis caused by calculi. BMC Surg. 2020, 20:327. 10.1186\/s12893-020-00992-5","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2349-5006.148805","article-title":"Renal stone disease in the border regions of Karnataka, Maharashtra and Goa: role of diet, urinary pH and body mass index","volume":"7","author":"Nerli RB","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nerli RB, Patil S, Hiremath MB, et al.. Renal stone disease in the border regions of Karnataka, Maharashtra and Goa: role of diet, urinary pH and body mass index. Indian J Health Sci Biomed Res. 2014, 7:83-87. 10.4103\/2349-5006.148805","journal-title":"Indian J Health Sci Biomed Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80611-1","article-title":"New insights into the consequences and mechanisms of renal impairment in obstructive nephropathy","volume":"18","author":"Klahr S","year":"1991","unstructured":"Klahr S. New insights into the consequences and mechanisms of renal impairment in obstructive nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis. 1991, 18:689-699. 10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80611-1","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410x.1992.tb15788.x","article-title":"Pyonephrosis: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"70","author":"St Lezin M","year":"1992","unstructured":"St Lezin M, Hofmann R, Stoller ML. Pyonephrosis: diagnosis and treatment. Br J Urol. 1992, 70:360-363. 10.1111\/j.1464-410x.1992.tb15788.x","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"[Pyonephrosis: diagnosis and treatment: report of 14 cases]","volume":"34","author":"Rabii R","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rabii R, Joual A, Rais H, et al.. [Pyonephrosis: diagnosis and treatment: report of 14 cases]. Ann Urol (Paris). 2000, 34:161-164.","journal-title":"Ann Urol (Paris)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86136-y","article-title":"Percutaneous nephrostomy versus retrograde ureteral stenting for acute upper obstructive uropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Zul Khairul Azwadi I","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zul Khairul Azwadi I, Norhayati MN, Abdullah MS. Percutaneous nephrostomy versus retrograde ureteral stenting for acute upper obstructive uropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021, 11:6613. 10.1038\/s41598-021-86136-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67442-3","article-title":"Comparison of retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy with open surgery for tuberculous nonfunctioning kidneys","volume":"164","author":"Hemal AK","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hemal AK, Gupta NP, Kumar R. Comparison of retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy with open surgery for tuberculous nonfunctioning kidneys. J Urol. 2000, 164:32-35. 10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67442-3","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7796.157960","article-title":"Factors influencing recoverability of renal function after urinary diversion through percutaneous nephrostomy","volume":"7","author":"Sharma U","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sharma U, Yadav SS, Tomar V. Factors influencing recoverability of renal function after urinary diversion through percutaneous nephrostomy. Urol Ann. 2015, 7:499-503. 10.4103\/0974-7796.157960","journal-title":"Urol Ann"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11247299","article-title":"Performance of scoring systems in predicting clinical outcomes of patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis: a 14-year hospital-based study","volume":"11","author":"Chen CC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen CC, Hsieh MS, Hu SY, Huang SC, Tsai CA, Tsai YC. Performance of scoring systems in predicting clinical outcomes of patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis: a 14-year hospital-based study. J Clin Med. 2022, 11:7299. 10.3390\/jcm11247299","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08930.x","article-title":"Predictive factors for mortality and need for nephrectomy in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis","volume":"105","author":"Kapoor R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kapoor R, Muruganandham K, Gulia AK, et al.. Predictive factors for mortality and need for nephrectomy in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis. BJU Int. 2010, 105:986-989. 10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08930.x","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.10124","article-title":"Does diversion in poorly functioning obstructed kidneys in adults favors reconstructive surgeries over ablative procedures? A prospective study","volume":"12","author":"Kalra S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kalra S, Mehra K, Muruganandham K, Dorairajan LN, Manikandan R, Dhanapathi H, Sreenivasan Kodakkattil S. Does diversion in poorly functioning obstructed kidneys in adults favors reconstructive surgeries over ablative procedures? A prospective study. Cureus. 2020, 12:e10124. 10.7759\/cureus.10124","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.26128","article-title":"Demirtas two-step treatment model in hypofunctional-obstructed kidneys: an extended series and long-term prospective results","volume":"14","author":"Demirta\u015f A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Demirta\u015f A, Golbasi A, Guleser AS, S\u00f6nmez G, Demirta\u015f T, G\u00fcr A, Tombul \u015eT. Demirtas two-step treatment model in hypofunctional-obstructed kidneys: an extended series and long-term prospective results. Cureus. 2022, 14:e26128. 10.7759\/cureus.26128","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)57559-X","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a critical analysis of 26 cases and of the literature","volume":"119","author":"Malek RS","year":"1978","unstructured":"Malek RS, Elder JS. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a critical analysis of 26 cases and of the literature. J Urol. 1978, 119:589-593. 10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)57559-X","journal-title":"J Urol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/454365-renal-salvage-in-pyonephrosis-a-retrospective-observational-study-at-a-tertiary-care-center-in-north-india","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:56:07Z","timestamp":1769475367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/454365-renal-salvage-in-pyonephrosis-a-retrospective-observational-study-at-a-tertiary-care-center-in-north-india"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.102343","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]}}}