{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T03:52:01Z","timestamp":1769831521882,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.102631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T14:13:46Z","timestamp":1769782426000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Serum IL-6 Levels and Disease Severity Among COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Sadia","family":"Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nisat","family":"Zabin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noureen","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheikh Nazmul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taiyeb I","family":"Zahangir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumona","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Bari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.07.029","article-title":"Comorbidities and the risk of severe or fatal outcomes associated with coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Zhou Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Yang Q, Chi J, Dong B, Lv W, Shen L, Wang Y. Comorbidities and the risk of severe or fatal outcomes associated with coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2020, 99:47-56. 10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.07.029","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-37606-y","article-title":"Longitudinal whole blood transcriptomic analysis characterizes neutrophil activation and interferon signaling in moderate and severe COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Prebensen C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prebensen C, Lefol Y, Myhre PL, et al.. Longitudinal whole blood transcriptomic analysis characterizes neutrophil activation and interferon signaling in moderate and severe COVID-19. Sci Rep. 2023, 13:10368. 10.1038\/s41598-023-37606-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"COVID-19 clinical management. living guidance. (2021). Accessed: September 11, 2025: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/338882."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021204522","article-title":"COVID-19 imaging: what we know now and what remains unknown","volume":"299","author":"Kanne JP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kanne JP, Bai H, Bernheim A, et al.. COVID-19 imaging: what we know now and what remains unknown. Radiology. 2021, 299:E262-E279. 10.1148\/radiol.2021204522","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.004","article-title":"The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: What we know","volume":"94","author":"Wu D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu D, Wu T, Liu Q, Yang Z. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: What we know. Int J Infect Dis. 2020, 94:44-48. 10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.004","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"COVID-19 Dynamic Dashboard for Bangladesh. (2020). Accessed. March 7, 2021: https:\/\/dashboard.dghs.gov.bd\/pages\/covid19.php."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3862","article-title":"Virology, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"371","author":"Cevik M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cevik M, Kuppalli K, Kindrachuk J, Peiris M. Virology, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. BMJ. 2020, 371:m3862. 10.1136\/bmj.m3862","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S498430","article-title":"Comparative analysis of virology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV infections: implications for public health and treatment strategies","volume":"18","author":"Olebo DF","year":"2025","unstructured":"Olebo DF, Igwe MC. Comparative analysis of virology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV infections: implications for public health and treatment strategies. Infect Drug Resist. 2025, 18:269-283. 10.2147\/IDR.S498430","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bsmmcj.v3i1.71913","article-title":"Patterns of gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 patients in a university hospital of Bangladesh","volume":"3","author":"Islam S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Islam S, Islam S, Tabassum N, et al.. Patterns of gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 patients in a university hospital of Bangladesh. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med Coll J. 2024, 3:7-11. 10.3329\/bsmmcj.v3i1.71913","journal-title":"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med Coll J"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298408","article-title":"Proximal tubular dysfunction as a predictor of AKI in Hospitalized COVID-19 patients","volume":"19","author":"Bari A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bari A, Alam MR, Islam S, Islam MN, Faroque MO, Amin N. Proximal tubular dysfunction as a predictor of AKI in Hospitalized COVID-19 patients. PLoS One. 2024, 19:e0298408. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0298408","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2020-0046","article-title":"Clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): early report from the United States","volume":"7","author":"Aggarwal S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aggarwal S, Garcia-Telles N, Aggarwal G, Lavie C, Lippi G, Henry BM. Clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): early report from the United States. Diagnosis (Berl). 2020, 7:91-96. 10.1515\/dx-2020-0046","journal-title":"Diagnosis (Berl)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/tjb-2021-0020","article-title":"Could IL-6 predict the clinical severity of COVID-19?","volume":"46","author":"Aykal G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aykal G, Esen H, Seyman D, et al.. Could IL-6 predict the clinical severity of COVID-19?. Turk J Biochem. 2021, 46:499-507. 10.1515\/tjb-2021-0020","journal-title":"Turk J Biochem"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104370","article-title":"Prognostic value of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin in patients with COVID-19","volume":"127","author":"Liu F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu F, Li L, Xu M, et al.. Prognostic value of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin in patients with COVID-19. J Clin Virol. 2020, 127:104370. 10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104370","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.675678","article-title":"Respiratory impairment predicts response to IL-1 and IL-6 blockade in COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia and hyper-inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Della-Torre E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Della-Torre E, Lanzillotta M, Campochiaro C, et al.. Respiratory impairment predicts response to IL-1 and IL-6 blockade in COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia and hyper-inflammation. Front Immunol. 2021, 12:675678. 10.3389\/fimmu.2021.675678","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1770129","article-title":"Profiling serum cytokines in COVID-19 patients reveals IL-6 and IL-10 are disease severity predictors","volume":"9","author":"Han H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han H, Ma Q, Li C, et al.. Profiling serum cytokines in COVID-19 patients reveals IL-6 and IL-10 are disease severity predictors. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020, 9:1123-1130. 10.1080\/22221751.2020.1770129","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2023.02.1017","article-title":"WCN23-1086 acute kidney injury after COVID-19 infection in chronic kidney disease patients of Bangladesh: retrospective study","volume":"8","author":"NO F","year":"2023","unstructured":"NO F, Bari A, Kashem TS, et al.. WCN23-1086 acute kidney injury after COVID-19 infection in chronic kidney disease patients of Bangladesh: retrospective study. Kidney Int Rep. 2023, 8:S453. 10.1016\/j.ekir.2023.02.1017","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.82187","article-title":"Diagnostic value of fecal lactoferrin in differentiating inflammatory bowel disease from irritable bowel syndrome: a comparative study in a Bangladeshi cohort","volume":"17","author":"Jubaere A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jubaere A, Chowdhury FK, Newaz AA, Islam S, Miah SA, Chowdhury MS, Islam S. Diagnostic value of fecal lactoferrin in differentiating inflammatory bowel disease from irritable bowel syndrome: a comparative study in a Bangladeshi cohort. Cureus. 2025, 17:e82187. 10.7759\/cureus.82187","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/INJMS.INJMS_63_20","article-title":"Evaluation of interleukin-6 and its association with the severity of disease in COVID-19 patients","volume":"11","author":"Bhandari S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhandari S, Rankawat G, Singh A, et al.. Evaluation of interleukin-6 and its association with the severity of disease in COVID-19 patients. Indian J Med Specialities. 2020, 11:132. 10.4103\/INJMS.INJMS_63_20","journal-title":"Indian J Med Specialities"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012421","article-title":"The role of interleukin-6 in monitoring severe case of coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"12","author":"Liu T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu T, Zhang J, Yang Y, et al.. The role of interleukin-6 in monitoring severe case of coronavirus disease 2019. EMBO Mol Med. 2020, 12:e12421. 10.15252\/emmm.202012421","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201754","article-title":"Clinical and chest radiography features determine patient outcomes in young and middle-aged adults with COVID-19","volume":"297","author":"Toussie D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Toussie D, Voutsinas N, Finkelstein M, et al.. Clinical and chest radiography features determine patient outcomes in young and middle-aged adults with COVID-19. Radiology. 2020, 297:E197-E206. 10.1148\/radiol.2020201754","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32394\/pe.75.03","article-title":"The smoker's paradox during the COVID-19 pandemic? The influence of smoking and vaping on the incidence and course of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection as well as possibility of using nicotine in the treatment of COVID-19 - review of the literature","volume":"75","author":"Korzeniowska A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Korzeniowska A, R\u0119ka G, Bilska M, Piecewicz-Szcz\u0119sna H. The smoker's paradox during the COVID-19 pandemic? The influence of smoking and vaping on the incidence and course of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection as well as possibility of using nicotine in the treatment of COVID-19 - review of the literature. Przegl Epidemiol. 2021, 75:27-44. 10.32394\/pe.75.03","journal-title":"Przegl Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030841","article-title":"Smoking upregulates angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor: a potential adhesion site for novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)","volume":"9","author":"Brake SJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brake SJ, Barnsley K, Lu W, McAlinden KD, Eapen MS, Sohal SS. Smoking upregulates angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor: a potential adhesion site for novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). J Clin Med. 2020, 9:841. 10.3390\/jcm9030841","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000513288","article-title":"The association between presence of comorbidities and COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Honardoost M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Honardoost M, Janani L, Aghili R, Emami Z, Khamseh ME. The association between presence of comorbidities and COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2021, 50:132-140. 10.1159\/000513288","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.613422","article-title":"Interleukin-6 is a biomarker for the development of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia","volume":"12","author":"Santa Cruz A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Santa Cruz A, Mendes-Frias A, Oliveira AI, et al.. Interleukin-6 is a biomarker for the development of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia. Front Immunol. 2021, 12:613422. 10.3389\/fimmu.2021.613422","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.05.003","article-title":"The cytokine storm in COVID-19: an overview of the involvement of the chemokine\/chemokine-receptor system","volume":"53","author":"Coperchini F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coperchini F, Chiovato L, Croce L, Magri F, Rotondi M. The cytokine storm in COVID-19: an overview of the involvement of the chemokine\/chemokine-receptor system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2020, 53:25-32. 10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.05.003","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/364554-association-between-serum-il-6-levels-and-disease-severity-among-covid-19-patients-hospitalized-at-a-tertiary-care-hospital-in-bangladesh","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T14:13:47Z","timestamp":1769782427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/364554-association-between-serum-il-6-levels-and-disease-severity-among-covid-19-patients-hospitalized-at-a-tertiary-care-hospital-in-bangladesh"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.102631","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]}}}