{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T15:10:41Z","timestamp":1770649841664,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.103217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T18:57:10Z","timestamp":1770577030000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of Oxytocin and Cortisol as Biomarkers of Efficacy in Animal-Assisted Interventions for Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Balajewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Szukalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Karczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelika","family":"Samborska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Wr\u00f3blewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukasz","family":"Siwek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Wr\u00f3blewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Lichwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Depression. (2023). Accessed: December 24, 2025: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/depression."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.11.1905","article-title":"Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report","volume":"163","author":"Rush AJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, Wisniewski SR, et al.. Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report. Am J Psychiatry. 2006, 163:1905-17. 10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.11.1905","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32802-7","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"391","author":"Cipriani A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G, et al.. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2018, 391:1357-66. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32802-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"","author":"Wilson EO","year":"1984","unstructured":"Wilson EO. Biophilia. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; 1984. https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=gNAuEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP6&dq=Biophilia&ots=xw_yXolEEL&sig=0sIYsu1R_05N...."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2752\/089279307X224773","article-title":"Animal-assisted therapy: a meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Nimer J","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nimer J, Lundahl B. Animal-assisted therapy: a meta-analysis. Anthrozoos. 2007, 20:225-38. 10.2752\/089279307X224773","journal-title":"Anthrozoos"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00234","article-title":"Psychosocial and psychophysiological effects of human-animal interactions: the possible role of oxytocin","volume":"3","author":"Beetz A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beetz A, Uvn\u00e4s-Moberg K, Julius H, Kotrschal K. Psychosocial and psychophysiological effects of human-animal interactions: the possible role of oxytocin. Front Psychol. 2012, 3:234. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00234","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31820ad12b","article-title":"Depression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation: a quantitative summary of four decades of research","volume":"73","author":"Stetler C","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stetler C, Miller GE. Depression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation: a quantitative summary of four decades of research. Psychosom Med. 2011, 73:114-26. 10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31820ad12b","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(98)00056-0","article-title":"Oxytocin may mediate the benefits of positive social interaction and emotions","volume":"23","author":"Uvnas-Moberg K","year":"1998","unstructured":"Uvnas-Moberg K. Oxytocin may mediate the benefits of positive social interaction and emotions. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1998, 23:819-35. 10.1016\/S0306-4530(98)00056-0","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.96.3.713-729","article-title":"Measuring stress and immune response in healthcare professionals following interaction with a therapy dog: a pilot study","volume":"96","author":"Barker SB","year":"2005","unstructured":"Barker SB, Knisely JS, McCain NL, Best AM. Measuring stress and immune response in healthcare professionals following interaction with a therapy dog: a pilot study. Psychol Rep. 2005, 96:713-29. 10.2466\/pr0.96.3.713-729","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.02.004","article-title":"Effect of service dogs on salivary cortisol secretion in autistic children","volume":"35","author":"Viau R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Viau R, Arsenault-Lapierre G, Fecteau S, Champagne N, Walker CD, Lupien S. Effect of service dogs on salivary cortisol secretion in autistic children. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2010, 35:1187-93. 10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.02.004","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-32-9705-0_9","article-title":"The role of early life stress in HPA axis and anxiety","volume":"1191","author":"Juruena MF","year":"2020","unstructured":"Juruena MF, Eror F, Cleare AJ, Young AH. The role of early life stress in HPA axis and anxiety. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020, 1191:141-53. 10.1007\/978-981-32-9705-0_9","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2752\/175303711X13045914865385","article-title":"Short-term interaction between dogs and their owners: effects on oxytocin, cortisol, insulin and heart rate\u2014an exploratory study","volume":"24","author":"Handlin L","year":"2011","unstructured":"Handlin L, Hydbring-Sandberg E, Nilsson A, Ejdeb\u00e4ck M, Jansson A, Uvn\u00e4s-Moberg K. Short-term interaction between dogs and their owners: effects on oxytocin, cortisol, insulin and heart rate\u2014an exploratory study. Anthrozo\u00f6s. 2011, 24:301-15.","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Attachment to Pets: An Integrative View of Human-Animal Relationships with Implications for Therapeutic Practice","author":"Julius H","year":"2013","unstructured":"Julius H, Beetz A, Kotrschal K, Turner DC, Uvn\u00e4s-Moberg K. Attachment to Pets: An Integrative View of Human-Animal Relationships with Implications for Therapeutic Practice. Hogrefe Publishing, Vienna; 2013."},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"The neurobiology of affective touch","volume":"181","author":"Olausson H","year":"2010","unstructured":"Olausson H, Wessberg J, Morrison I, et al.. The neurobiology of affective touch. Prog Brain Res. 2010, 181:205-25.","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Associations between oxytocin and cortisol levels and sociality in dog owners and their dogs","volume":"3","author":"Handlin L","year":"2012","unstructured":"Handlin L, Nilsson A, Ejdeback M, et al.. Associations between oxytocin and cortisol levels and sociality in dog owners and their dogs. Front Psychol. 2012, 3:160.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(02)00237-X","article-title":"Neurophysiological correlates of affiliative behaviour between humans and dogs","volume":"165","author":"Odendaal JS","year":"2003","unstructured":"Odendaal JS, Meintjes RA. Neurophysiological correlates of affiliative behaviour between humans and dogs. Vet J. 2003, 165:296-301.","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Randomized trial examines effects of equine facilitated learning on adolescents' basal cortisol levels","volume":"2","author":"Pendry P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pendry P, Smith AN, Roeter SM. Randomized trial examines effects of equine facilitated learning on adolescents' basal cortisol levels. Hum Anim Interact Bull. 2014, 2:80-95.","journal-title":"Hum Anim Interact Bull"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"A systematic review of animal-assisted therapy on psychosocial outcomes in people with depression","volume":"22","author":"Maujean A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maujean A, Pepping CA, Kendall E. A systematic review of animal-assisted therapy on psychosocial outcomes in people with depression. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2015, 22:541-54.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9121030","article-title":"Emotional transfer in human-horse interaction: new perspectives on equine assisted interventions","volume":"9","author":"Scopa C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scopa C, Contalbrigo L, Greco A, Lanat\u00e0 A, Scilingo EP, Baragli P. Emotional transfer in human-horse interaction: new perspectives on equine assisted interventions. Animals (Basel). 2019, 9:10.3390\/ani9121030","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Human-animal interaction research in school settings: current knowledge and future directions","volume":"3","author":"Gee NR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gee NR, Griffin JA, McCardle P. Human-animal interaction research in school settings: current knowledge and future directions. AERA Open. 2017, 3:1-9.","journal-title":"AERA Open"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12385","article-title":"Effects of an animal-assisted intervention on social behaviour, emotions, and behavioural and psychological symptoms in nursing home residents with dementia","volume":"19","author":"Wesenberg S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wesenberg S, Mueller C, Nestmann F, Holthoff-Detto V. Effects of an animal-assisted intervention on social behaviour, emotions, and behavioural and psychological symptoms in nursing home residents with dementia. Psychogeriatrics. 2019, 19:219-27. 10.1111\/psyg.12385","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/452523-the-role-of-oxytocin-and-cortisol-as-biomarkers-of-efficacy-in-animal-assisted-interventions-for-patients-with-major-depressive-disorder-a-narrative-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T18:57:11Z","timestamp":1770577031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/452523-the-role-of-oxytocin-and-cortisol-as-biomarkers-of-efficacy-in-animal-assisted-interventions-for-patients-with-major-depressive-disorder-a-narrative-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]]},"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.103217","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]]}}}