{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T16:07:23Z","timestamp":1771085243723,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.103595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T15:31:29Z","timestamp":1771083089000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cardiovagal Tone in Generalised Anxiety Disorder: A Case Control Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Anu","family":"Priya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarvesh","family":"Malaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pallavi","family":"Abhilasha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bharat","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashly P","family":"Koshy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeyaraj D","family":"Pandian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldy036","article-title":"Autonomic dysfunction and chronic disease","volume":"128","author":"Zalewski P","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zalewski P, Slomko J, Zawadka-Kunikowska M. Autonomic dysfunction and chronic disease. Br Med Bull. 2018, 128:61-74. 10.1093\/bmb\/ldy036","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2005.11.013","article-title":"The role of vagal function in the risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality","volume":"74","author":"Thayer JF","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thayer JF, Lane RD. The role of vagal function in the risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Biol Psychol. 2007, 74:224-242. 10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2005.11.013","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/77.1.45","article-title":"Autonomic tone as a cardiovascular risk factor: the dangers of chronic fight or flight","volume":"77","author":"Curtis BM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Curtis BM, O'Keefe JH Jr. Autonomic tone as a cardiovascular risk factor: the dangers of chronic fight or flight. Mayo Clin Proc. 2002, 77:45-54. 10.4065\/77.1.45","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00213","article-title":"Heart rate variability and cardiac vagal tone in psychophysiological research \u2014 recommendations for experiment planning, data analysis, and data reporting","volume":"8","author":"Laborde S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Laborde S, Mosley E, Thayer JF. Heart rate variability and cardiac vagal tone in psychophysiological research \u2014 recommendations for experiment planning, data analysis, and data reporting. Front Psychol. 2017, 8:213. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00213","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e01002","article-title":"A unifying conceptual framework of factors associated to cardiac vagal control","volume":"4","author":"Laborde S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Laborde S, Mosley E, Mertgen A. A unifying conceptual framework of factors associated to cardiac vagal control. Heliyon. 2018, 4:e01002. 10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e01002","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2020.107986","article-title":"Neurovisceral integration in the executive control network: a resting state analysis","volume":"157","author":"McIntosh RC","year":"2020","unstructured":"McIntosh RC, Hoshi R, Nomi JS, et al.. Neurovisceral integration in the executive control network: a resting state analysis. Biol Psychol. 2020, 157:107986. 10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2020.107986","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0167-8760(03)00073-4","article-title":"Vagal influence on working memory and attention","volume":"48","author":"Hansen AL","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hansen AL, Johnsen BH, Thayer JF. Vagal influence on working memory and attention. Int J Psychophysiol. 2003, 48:263-274. 10.1016\/s0167-8760(03)00073-4","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2015.0181","article-title":"Brain-heart interactions: physiology and clinical implications","volume":"374","author":"Silvani A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Silvani A, Calandra-Buonaura G, Dampney RA, Cortelli P. Brain-heart interactions: physiology and clinical implications. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2016, 374:20150181. 10.1098\/rsta.2015.0181","journal-title":"Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.11.024","article-title":"Electrodiagnostic assessment of the autonomic nervous system: a consensus statement endorsed by the American Autonomic Society, American Academy of Neurology, and the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"132","author":"Cheshire WP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheshire WP, Freeman R, Gibbons CH, et al.. Electrodiagnostic assessment of the autonomic nervous system: a consensus statement endorsed by the American Autonomic Society, American Academy of Neurology, and the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Clin Neurophysiol. 2021, 132:666-682. 10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.11.024","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1567-424x(09)70372-1","article-title":"Laboratory evaluation of autonomic function","volume":"57","author":"Low PA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Low PA. Laboratory evaluation of autonomic function. Suppl Clin Neurophysiol. 2004, 57:358-368. 10.1016\/s1567-424x(09)70372-1","journal-title":"Suppl Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00053","article-title":"The investigation of the cardiovascular and sudomotor autonomic nervous system \u2014 a review","volume":"10","author":"Ziemssen T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ziemssen T, Siepmann T. The investigation of the cardiovascular and sudomotor autonomic nervous system \u2014 a review. Front Neurol. 2019, 10:53. 10.3389\/fneur.2019.00053","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-025-01185-x","article-title":"Cutoffs, sensitivity and specificity of the Ewing battery in evaluating autonomic nervous system disorders: a systematic review","author":"Barkoula TR","year":"2026","unstructured":"Barkoula TR, Ioannou C, Rekatsina M, Theodoraki K, Zis P. Cutoffs, sensitivity and specificity of the Ewing battery in evaluating autonomic nervous system disorders: a systematic review. Clin Auton Res. 2026, 10.1007\/s10286-025-01185-x","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","article-title":"Anxiety disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Anxiety disorders. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Edition). American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2013. 10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x","article-title":"The assessment of anxiety states by rating","volume":"32","author":"Hamilton M","year":"1959","unstructured":"Hamilton M. The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br J Med Psychol. 1959, 32:50-55. 10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x","journal-title":"Br J Med Psychol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-018-1215-y","article-title":"Autonomic testing: which value for each cardiovascular test? An observational study","volume":"56","author":"Bellavere F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bellavere F, Ragazzi E, Chilelli NC, Lapolla A, Bax G. Autonomic testing: which value for each cardiovascular test? An observational study. Acta Diabetol. 2019, 56:39-43. 10.1007\/s00592-018-1215-y","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-016-0138-z","article-title":"Worry is associated with robust reductions in heart rate variability: a transdiagnostic study of anxiety psychopathology","volume":"4","author":"Chalmers JA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chalmers JA, Heathers JA, Abbott MJ, Kemp AH, Quintana DS. Worry is associated with robust reductions in heart rate variability: a transdiagnostic study of anxiety psychopathology. BMC Psychol. 2016, 4:32. 10.1186\/s40359-016-0138-z","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Autonomic influence on heart rate for deep breathing and Valsalva maneuver in healthy subjects","volume":"56","author":"Jha RK","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jha RK, Acharya A, Nepal O. Autonomic influence on heart rate for deep breathing and Valsalva maneuver in healthy subjects. J Nepal Med Assoc. 2018, 56:670-673.","journal-title":"J Nepal Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030777","article-title":"Depression, comorbid anxiety disorders, and heart rate variability in physically healthy, unmedicated patients: implications for cardiovascular risk","volume":"7","author":"Kemp AH","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kemp AH, Quintana DS, Felmingham KL, Matthews S, Jelinek HF. Depression, comorbid anxiety disorders, and heart rate variability in physically healthy, unmedicated patients: implications for cardiovascular risk. PLoS One. 2012, 7:e30777. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0030777","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/njppp.2016.6.06122015101","article-title":"A study of sympathetic nervous system function in Manipuri patients diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"6","author":"Loukrakpam NS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Loukrakpam NS, Oinam P, Singh YG, Singh RKL, Ranendra KH, Singh LS. A study of sympathetic nervous system function in Manipuri patients diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2016, 6:155-157. 10.5455\/njppp.2016.6.06122015101","journal-title":"Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0301-0511(97)00027-6","article-title":"Anxiety and autonomic flexibility: a cardiovascular approach","volume":"47","author":"Friedman BH","year":"1998","unstructured":"Friedman BH, Thayer JF. Anxiety and autonomic flexibility: a cardiovascular approach. Biol Psychol. 1998, 47:243-263. 10.1016\/s0301-0511(97)00027-6","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.9.913","article-title":"Somatic symptoms and physiologic responses in generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder: an ambulatory monitor study","volume":"61","author":"Hoehn-Saric R","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hoehn-Saric R, McLeod DR, Funderburk F, Kowalski P. Somatic symptoms and physiologic responses in generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder: an ambulatory monitor study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004, 61:913-921. 10.1001\/archpsyc.61.9.913","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.024053","article-title":"Cardiovagal function measured by the deep breathing test: relationships with coronary atherosclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Engstr\u00f6m G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Engstr\u00f6m G, Hamrefors V, Fedorowski A, et al.. Cardiovagal function measured by the deep breathing test: relationships with coronary atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022, 11:e024053. 10.1161\/JAHA.121.024053","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26502\/jppd.2572-519X0231","article-title":"Assessment of anxiety severity and its association with cardiac autonomic function tests and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with anxiety disorder","volume":"8","author":"Natarajan K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Natarajan K, Pal P, Pal GK, et al.. Assessment of anxiety severity and its association with cardiac autonomic function tests and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with anxiety disorder. J Psych Psychait Disord. 2024, 8:312-325. 10.26502\/jppd.2572-519X0231","journal-title":"J Psych Psychait Disord"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.08.004","article-title":"Claude Bernard and the heart-brain connection: further elaboration of a model of neurovisceral integration","volume":"33","author":"Thayer JF","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thayer JF, Lane RD. Claude Bernard and the heart-brain connection: further elaboration of a model of neurovisceral integration. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2009, 33:81-88. 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.08.004","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/IJPP_401_2022","article-title":"The vagus nerve in psychiatry: From theories to therapeutic neurostimulation in neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"67","author":"Nayok SB","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nayok SB, Sreeraj VS, Shivakumar V, Venkatasubramanian G. The vagus nerve in psychiatry: From theories to therapeutic neurostimulation in neuropsychiatric disorders. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2023, 67:151-162. 10.25259\/IJPP_401_2022","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.76.s2.17","article-title":"The polyvagal theory: new insights into adaptive reactions of the autonomic nervous system","volume":"76 Suppl 2","author":"Porges SW","year":"2009","unstructured":"Porges SW. The polyvagal theory: new insights into adaptive reactions of the autonomic nervous system. Cleve Clin J Med. 2009, 76 Suppl 2:S86-S90. 10.3949\/ccjm.76.s2.17","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-0327(00)00338-4","article-title":"A model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation","volume":"61","author":"Thayer JF","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thayer JF, Lane RD. A model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation. J Affect Disord. 2000, 61:201-216. 10.1016\/s0165-0327(00)00338-4","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-020-00800-w","article-title":"The link between resting heart rate variability and affective flexibility","volume":"20","author":"Grol M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grol M, DeRaedt R. The link between resting heart rate variability and affective flexibility. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosc. 2020, 20:746-756. 10.3758\/s13415-020-00800-w","journal-title":"Cogn Affect Behav Neurosc"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000326","article-title":"Examining the crux of autonomic dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder: whether chronic or situational distress underlies elevated heart rate and attenuated heart rate variability","volume":"78","author":"Dennis PA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dennis PA, Dedert EA, Van Voorhees EE, et al.. Examining the crux of autonomic dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder: whether chronic or situational distress underlies elevated heart rate and attenuated heart rate variability. Psychosom Med. 2016, 78:805-809. 10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000326","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0976500X231213153","article-title":"Effect of fluoxetine and escitalopram on heart rate variability (HRV)and serum potassium level in patients of depression and anxiety disorders","volume":"14","author":"Machhi TR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Machhi TR, Patel CR, Pandya SK, Kantharia ND. Effect of fluoxetine and escitalopram on heart rate variability (HRV)and serum potassium level in patients of depression and anxiety disorders. J Pharmacol and Pharmacother. 2023, 14:231-237. 10.1177\/0976500X231213153","journal-title":"J Pharmacol and Pharmacother"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/410771-cardiovagal-tone-in-generalised-anxiety-disorder-a-case-control-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T15:31:30Z","timestamp":1771083090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/410771-cardiovagal-tone-in-generalised-anxiety-disorder-a-case-control-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.103595","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]}}}