{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T02:01:43Z","timestamp":1771120903153,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.103609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T01:06:04Z","timestamp":1771117564000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Two Decades of Ureteric Calculus Burden in Australia: National Trends in Incidence, Management, and Demographic Shifts"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Aqeel","family":"Roomy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taha","family":"Mollah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Onotevu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Nada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Habbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Badr","family":"Rafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frans","family":"Pretorius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2016.0895","article-title":"Worldwide trends of urinary stone disease treatment over the last two decades: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Geraghty RM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Geraghty RM, Jones P, Somani BK. Worldwide trends of urinary stone disease treatment over the last two decades: a systematic review. J Endourol. 2017, 31:547-56. 10.1089\/end.2016.0895","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3068365","article-title":"Kidney stone disease: an update on current concepts","volume":"2018","author":"Alelign T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alelign T, Petros B. Kidney stone disease: an update on current concepts. Adv Urol. 2018, 2018:3068365. 10.1155\/2018\/3068365","journal-title":"Adv Urol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.12.105","article-title":"Epidemiology of upper urinary tract stone disease in a Taiwanese population: a nationwide, population based study","volume":"189","author":"Huang WY","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang WY, Chen YF, Carter S, Chang HC, Lan CF, Huang KH. Epidemiology of upper urinary tract stone disease in a Taiwanese population: a nationwide, population based study. J Urol. 2013, 189:2158-63. 10.1016\/j.juro.2012.12.105","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0570285","article-title":"The effect of high animal protein intake on the risk of calcium stone-formation in the urinary tract","volume":"57","author":"Robertson WG","year":"1979","unstructured":"Robertson WG, Heyburn PJ, Peacock M, Hanes FA, Swaminathan R. The effect of high animal protein intake on the risk of calcium stone-formation in the urinary tract. Clin Sci (Lond). 1979, 57:285-8. 10.1042\/cs0570285","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030779","article-title":"Risk of kidney stones: influence of dietary factors, dietary patterns, and vegetarian-vegan diets","volume":"12","author":"Ferraro PM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferraro PM, Bargagli M, Trinchieri A, Gambaro G. Risk of kidney stones: influence of dietary factors, dietary patterns, and vegetarian-vegan diets. Nutrients. 2020, 12:10.3390\/nu12030779","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2016.0513","article-title":"Urolithiasis treatment in Australia: the age of ureteroscopic intervention","volume":"30","author":"Perera M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Perera M, Papa N, Kinnear N, Wetherell D, Lawrentschuk N, Webb D, Bolton D. Urolithiasis treatment in Australia: the age of ureteroscopic intervention. J Endourol. 2016, 30:1194-9. 10.1089\/end.2016.0513","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.13843","article-title":"Geographical variation in the management of urolithiasis in Australia","volume":"87","author":"Tran MA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tran MA, Chak-Lee M, Bariol SV. Geographical variation in the management of urolithiasis in Australia. ANZ J Surg. 2017, 87:509-13. 10.1111\/ans.13843","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.3483","article-title":"CUA guideline: management of ureteral calculi","volume":"9","author":"Ordon M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ordon M, Andonian S, Blew B, Schuler T, Chew B, Pace KT. CUA guideline: management of ureteral calculi. Can Urol Assoc J. 2015, 9:E837-51. 10.5489\/cuaj.3483","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10695.x","article-title":"Evolution of stone management in Australia","volume":"108","author":"Lee MC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee MC, Bariol SV. Evolution of stone management in Australia. BJU Int. 2011, 108:29-33. 10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10695.x","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13520","article-title":"Trends in urological stone disease: a 5-year update of hospital episode statistics","volume":"118","author":"Heers H","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heers H, Turney BW. Trends in urological stone disease: a 5-year update of hospital episode statistics. BJU Int. 2016, 118:785-9. 10.1111\/bju.13520","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10495.x","article-title":"Trends in urological stone disease","volume":"109","author":"Turney BW","year":"2012","unstructured":"Turney BW, Reynard JM, Noble JG, Keoghane SR. Trends in urological stone disease. BJU Int. 2012, 109:1082-7. 10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10495.x","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12196","article-title":"Human \u03b2-defensin 2 may inhibit internalisation of bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) in bladder cancer cells","volume":"112","author":"Kim JH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim JH, Kim SJ, Lee KM, Chang IH. Human \u03b2-defensin 2 may inhibit internalisation of bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) in bladder cancer cells. BJU Int. 2013, 112:781-90. 10.1111\/bju.12196","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"American Urological Association. AUA guideline archive. (2024). Accessed: January 28, 2024: https:\/\/www.auajournals.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.095."},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. Population statistics. (2024). Accessed: January 15, 2024: https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/people\/population."},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. National hospitals data collection. (2025). Accessed: February 14, 2025: https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/about-our-data\/our-data-collections\/national-hospitals."},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Services Australia. Medicare Benefits Schedule item statistics. (2025). Accessed: March 28, 2025: http:\/\/medicarestatistics.humanservices.gov.au\/statistics\/mbs_item.jsp."},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"European Association of Urology. EAU guidelines on urolithiasis. (2025). Accessed: April 16, 2025: https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guideline\/urolithiasis."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-017-2044-4","article-title":"Results of day-case ureterorenoscopy for stone disease: prospective outcomes over 4.5 years","volume":"35","author":"Ghosh A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghosh A, Oliver R, Way C, White L, Somani BK. Results of day-case ureterorenoscopy for stone disease: prospective outcomes over 4.5 years. World J Urol. 2017, 35:1757-62. 10.1007\/s00345-017-2044-4","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Obesity evidence hub. obesity trends in Australian adults. (2025). Accessed: July 1, 2025: https:\/\/www.obesityevidencehub.org.au\/collections\/trends\/adults-australia."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.4.455","article-title":"Obesity, weight gain, and the risk of kidney stones","volume":"293","author":"Taylor EN","year":"2005","unstructured":"Taylor EN, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC. Obesity, weight gain, and the risk of kidney stones. JAMA. 2005, 293:455-62. 10.1001\/jama.293.4.455","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.07.098","article-title":"Emergency department visits in the United States for upper urinary tract stones: trends in hospitalization and charges","volume":"191","author":"Ghani KR","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghani KR, Roghmann F, Sammon JD, et al.. Emergency department visits in the United States for upper urinary tract stones: trends in hospitalization and charges. J Urol. 2014, 191:90-6. 10.1016\/j.juro.2013.07.098","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. private health insurance. (2025). Accessed: July 10, 2025: https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/australias-health\/private-health-insurance."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.12.077","article-title":"Impact of nutritional factors on incident kidney stone formation: a report from the WHI OS","volume":"187","author":"Sorensen MD","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sorensen MD, Kahn AJ, Reiner AP, et al.. Impact of nutritional factors on incident kidney stone formation: a report from the WHI OS. J Urol. 2012, 187:1645-9. 10.1016\/j.juro.2011.12.077","journal-title":"J Urol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/446732-two-decades-of-ureteric-calculus-burden-in-australia-national-trends-in-incidence-management-and-demographic-shifts","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T01:06:06Z","timestamp":1771117566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/446732-two-decades-of-ureteric-calculus-burden-in-australia-national-trends-in-incidence-management-and-demographic-shifts"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"references-count":23,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.103609","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]}}}