{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T16:13:47Z","timestamp":1771344827337,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.103775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T15:36:06Z","timestamp":1771342566000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients With and Without Diabetic Retinopathy: An Observational Study and Comparative Analysis"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Kavita R","family":"Bhatnagar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiran","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirti","family":"Jaisingh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Meena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naveen","family":"Dutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-022-02578-2","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea is not associated with diabetic retinopathy in diabetes: a prospective case-control study","volume":"27","author":"El Ouardighi H","year":"2023","unstructured":"El Ouardighi H, Poppe KG, Kleynen P, et al.. Obstructive sleep apnea is not associated with diabetic retinopathy in diabetes: a prospective case-control study. Sleep Breath. 2023, 27:121-8. 10.1007\/s11325-022-02578-2","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12817","article-title":"Effect of obstructive sleep apnoea on diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Leong WB","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leong WB, Jadhakhan F, Taheri S, Chen YF, Adab P, Thomas GN. Effect of obstructive sleep apnoea on diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2016, 33:158-68. 10.1111\/dme.12817","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.3.329","article-title":"Advanced glycation endproducts in nondiabetic patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"29","author":"Tan KC","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tan KC, Chow WS, Lam JC, Lam B, Bucala R, Betteridge J, Ip MS. Advanced glycation endproducts in nondiabetic patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep. 2006, 29:329-33. 10.1093\/sleep\/29.3.329","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-699X.2010.00216.x","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep apnoea in diabetic patients","volume":"5","author":"Schober AK","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schober AK, Neurath MF, Harsch IA. Prevalence of sleep apnoea in diabetic patients. Clin Respir J. 2011, 5:165-72. 10.1111\/j.1752-699X.2010.00216.x","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.027","article-title":"Relationship between diabetic retinopathy and sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"147","author":"Shiba T","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shiba T, Sato Y, Takahashi M. Relationship between diabetic retinopathy and sleep-disordered breathing. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009, 147:1017-21. 10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.027","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2024.07.021","article-title":"Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on diabetic retinopathy progression and systemic complications","volume":"270","author":"Rahimy E","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rahimy E, Koo EB, Wai KM, Ludwig CA, Kossler AL, Mruthyunjaya P. Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on diabetic retinopathy progression and systemic complications. Am J Ophthalmol. 2025, 270:93-102. 10.1016\/j.ajo.2024.07.021","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/milmed-d-10-00131","article-title":"The association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and microvascular complications in well-controlled diabetic patients","volume":"175","author":"Kosseifi S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kosseifi S, Bailey B, Price R, Roy TM, Byrd RP Jr, Peiris AN. The association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and microvascular complications in well-controlled diabetic patients. Mil Med. 2010, 175:913-6. 10.7205\/milmed-d-10-00131","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107967","article-title":"The associations of objectively measured sleep duration and sleep disturbances with diabetic retinopathy","volume":"159","author":"Chew M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chew M, Tan NY, Lamoureux E, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Sabanayagam C. The associations of objectively measured sleep duration and sleep disturbances with diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020, 159:107967. 10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107967","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2015.05.015","article-title":"Relationship between sleep disordered breathing and diabetic retinopathy: analysis of 136 patients with diabetes","volume":"109","author":"Nishimura A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nishimura A, Kasai T, Tamura H, et al.. Relationship between sleep disordered breathing and diabetic retinopathy: analysis of 136 patients with diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2015, 109:306-11. 10.1016\/j.diabres.2015.05.015","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201701-0175OC","article-title":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. A Longitudinal Study","volume":"196","author":"Altaf QA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Altaf QA, Dodson P, Ali A, et al.. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. A Longitudinal Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017, 196:892-900. 10.1164\/rccm.201701-0175OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001848","article-title":"Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"38","author":"Chang AC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chang AC, Fox TP, Wang S, Wu AY. Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Retina. 2018, 38:2197-206. 10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001848","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4737064","article-title":"Relationship of obstructive sleep apnoea with diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis.","volume":"2017","author":"Zhu Z","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Zhang F, Liu Y, Yang S, Li C, Niu Q, Niu J. Relationship of obstructive sleep apnoea with diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis.. Biomed Res Int. 2017, 2017:4737064. 10.1155\/2017\/4737064","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079521","article-title":"The potential association between obstructive sleep apnea and diabetic retinopathy in severe obesity-the role of hypoxemia","volume":"8","author":"Banerjee D","year":"2013","unstructured":"Banerjee D, Leong WB, Arora T, Nolen M, Punamiya V, Grunstein R, Taheri S. The potential association between obstructive sleep apnea and diabetic retinopathy in severe obesity-the role of hypoxemia. PLoS One. 2013, 8:e79521. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0079521","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.01.022","article-title":"Association between obstructive sleep apnea and diabetic macular edema in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"226","author":"Chiang JF","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chiang JF, Sun MH, Chen KJ, et al.. Association between obstructive sleep apnea and diabetic macular edema in patients with type 2 diabetes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2021, 226:217-25. 10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.01.022","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00411-9","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in India stratified by known and undiagnosed diabetes, urban-rural locations, and socioeconomic indices: results from the SMART India population-based cross-sectional screening study","volume":"10","author":"Raman R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raman R, Vasconcelos JC, Rajalakshmi R, et al.. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in India stratified by known and undiagnosed diabetes, urban-rural locations, and socioeconomic indices: results from the SMART India population-based cross-sectional screening study. Lancet Glob Health. 2022, 10:1764-73. 10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00411-9","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_3633_20","article-title":"Screening for obstructive sleep apnea in a diabetic retinopathy clinic in a tertiary care center","volume":"69","author":"Kaswan R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaswan R, Bansal R, Katoch D, et al.. Screening for obstructive sleep apnea in a diabetic retinopathy clinic in a tertiary care center. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021, 69:3349-57. 10.4103\/ijo.IJO_3633_20","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.004","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the Berlin questionnaire, STOP-BANG, STOP, and Epworth sleepiness scale in detecting obstructive sleep apnea: a bivariate meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Chiu HY","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chiu HY, Chen PY, Chuang LP, et al.. Diagnostic accuracy of the Berlin questionnaire, STOP-BANG, STOP, and Epworth sleepiness scale in detecting obstructive sleep apnea: a bivariate meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2017, 36:57-70. 10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.004","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12477","article-title":"At least one in three people with type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus referred to a diabetes centre has symptomatic obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"31","author":"Storgaard H","year":"2014","unstructured":"Storgaard H, Mortensen B, Almdal T, Laub M, Tarnow L. At least one in three people with type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus referred to a diabetes centre has symptomatic obstructive sleep apnoea. Diabet Med. 2014, 31:1460-7. 10.1111\/dme.12477","journal-title":"Diabet Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/407339-obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-patients-with-and-without-diabetic-retinopathy-an-observational-study-and-comparative-analysis","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T15:36:06Z","timestamp":1771342566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/407339-obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-patients-with-and-without-diabetic-retinopathy-an-observational-study-and-comparative-analysis"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"references-count":18,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.103775","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]}}}