{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:22:02Z","timestamp":1789050122415,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.104067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T16:20:53Z","timestamp":1771777253000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Anesthesia in Patients With Long COVID or Post-infectious Respiratory Sequelae Undergoing Emergency Surgery: Clinical Challenges and Perioperative Strategies"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Montoya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Alvarez Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Chavarr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elia  L","family":"Zamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian Andr\u00e9s","family":"Soto Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000619","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 respiratory problems: burden and management","volume":"16","author":"Kessler A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kessler A, Heightman M, Brennan E. Post-COVID-19 respiratory problems: burden and management. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2022, 16:203-9. 10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000619","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1164-4040","article-title":"COVID-19: a pneumological point of view - long-term sequelae of COVID-19 - implications for follow-up in respiratory medicine [Article in German]","volume":"145","author":"Leo F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leo F, Wormanns D, Groh\u00e9 C. COVID-19: a pneumological point of view - long-term sequelae of COVID-19 - implications for follow-up in respiratory medicine [Article in German]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2020, 145:1086-92. 10.1055\/a-1164-4040","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13741-023-00305-3","article-title":"Pre-assessment and management of long COVID patients requiring elective surgery: challenges and guidance","volume":"12","author":"Boles S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boles S, Ashok SR. Pre-assessment and management of long COVID patients requiring elective surgery: challenges and guidance. Perioper Med (Lond). 2023, 12:20. 10.1186\/s13741-023-00305-3","journal-title":"Perioper Med (Lond)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13741-025-00558-0","article-title":"Perioperative and anesthetic considerations for post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC)\/long COVID","volume":"14","author":"Yogendra R","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yogendra R, Perlowski A, Johng B, et al.. Perioperative and anesthetic considerations for post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC)\/long COVID. Perioper Med (Lond). 2025, 14:80. 10.1186\/s13741-025-00558-0","journal-title":"Perioper Med (Lond)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001364","article-title":"Lingering effects of COVID-19 in the care of perioperative patients","volume":"37","author":"Jia L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jia L, Navare S, Hoyler M. Lingering effects of COVID-19 in the care of perioperative patients. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2024, 37:308-15. 10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001364","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18231\/j.ijca.2022.102","article-title":"Perioperative ventilator-induced lung injury- An unexpected complication of post COVID-19 sequelae","volume":"9","author":"Jaswal S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jaswal S, Sharma J, Mitra L, Sharma J, Mitra LG, Goyal A. Perioperative ventilator-induced lung injury- An unexpected complication of post COVID-19 sequelae. Indian J Clin Anaesth. 2022, 9:511-3. 10.18231\/j.ijca.2022.102","journal-title":"Indian J Clin Anaesth"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12122\/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.10.23","article-title":"Driving pressure-guided lung protective ventilation strategy reduces postoperative pulmonary complications in patients recovered from COVID-19 [Article in Chinese]","volume":"43","author":"Jiang L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang L, Chen W, Yu W, Hu M, Cao Y, Yao W, Chen Y. Driving pressure-guided lung protective ventilation strategy reduces postoperative pulmonary complications in patients recovered from COVID-19 [Article in Chinese]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2023, 43:1821-6. 10.12122\/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.10.23","journal-title":"Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36948\/ijfmr.2024.v06i03.20205","article-title":"Changes in lung function parameters after total intravenous anaesthesia and balanced anaesthesia with sevoflurane in COVID-19 recovered patients undergoing elective surgery - a prospective randomised controlled study","volume":"14","author":"Shekhar S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shekhar S, Rajput R, Tandon S, et al.. Changes in lung function parameters after total intravenous anaesthesia and balanced anaesthesia with sevoflurane in COVID-19 recovered patients undergoing elective surgery - a prospective randomised controlled study. Int J Multidiscip Res. 2024, 14:6. 10.36948\/ijfmr.2024.v06i03.20205","journal-title":"Int J Multidiscip Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021211396","article-title":"CT of post-acute lung complications of COVID-19","volume":"301","author":"Solomon JJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Solomon JJ, Heyman B, Ko JP, Condos R, Lynch DA. CT of post-acute lung complications of COVID-19. Radiology. 2021, 301:E383-95. 10.1148\/radiol.2021211396","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31579\/2690-4861\/182","article-title":"Anaesthetic and perioperative management of elderly female with post COVID ARDs with comorbities undergoing emergency laparotomy for obstructed umbilical hernia","volume":"10","author":"Gnp P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gnp P. Anaesthetic and perioperative management of elderly female with post COVID ARDs with comorbities undergoing emergency laparotomy for obstructed umbilical hernia. Int J Clin Case Rep Rev. 2022, 10:1-4. 10.31579\/2690-4861\/182","journal-title":"Int J Clin Case Rep Rev"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2022.32506","article-title":"Anesthesia and perioperative considerations for patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection [Article in Hungarian]","volume":"163","author":"Balla B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Balla B, F\u00fclesdi B, V\u00e9gh T. Anesthesia and perioperative considerations for patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection [Article in Hungarian]. Orv Hetil. 2022, 163:695-701. 10.1556\/650.2022.32506","journal-title":"Orv Hetil"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.11.022","article-title":"Risk stratification of individuals undergoing surgery after COVID 19 recovery. Response to Br J Anaesth 2022; 128: e37-9","volume":"128","author":"Baumber R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baumber R, Panagoda P, Cremin J, Flynn P. Risk stratification of individuals undergoing surgery after COVID 19 recovery. Response to Br J Anaesth 2022; 128: e37-9. Br J Anaesth. 2022, 128:e37-9.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44254-023-00034-2","article-title":"Preoperative pulmonary evaluation to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications","volume":"1","author":"Tuna M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tuna M, Akg\u00fcn M. Preoperative pulmonary evaluation to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications. Anesthesiol Perioper Sci. 2023, 1:34. 10.1007\/s44254-023-00034-2","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Perioper Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1114-4481","article-title":"Perioperative Anesthesiologic Management: Risk Assessment and Preoperative Improvement of Patient Conditions [Article in German]","volume":"56","author":"Ellinger E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ellinger E, Meybohm P, R\u00f6der D. Perioperative Anesthesiologic Management: Risk Assessment and Preoperative Improvement of Patient Conditions [Article in German]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2021, 56:159-73. 10.1055\/a-1114-4481","journal-title":"Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13741-020-00172-2","article-title":"Preparing previously COVID-19-positive patients for elective surgery: a framework for preoperative evaluation","volume":"10","author":"Bui N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bui N, Coetzer M, Schenning KJ, O'Glasser AY. Preparing previously COVID-19-positive patients for elective surgery: a framework for preoperative evaluation. Perioper Med (Lond). 2021, 10:1. 10.1186\/s13741-020-00172-2","journal-title":"Perioper Med (Lond)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.574091","article-title":"The role of regional anesthesia during the SARS-COV2 pandemic: appraisal of clinical, pharmacological and organizational aspects","volume":"12","author":"Cappelleri G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cappelleri G, Fanelli A, Ghisi D, et al.. The role of regional anesthesia during the SARS-COV2 pandemic: appraisal of clinical, pharmacological and organizational aspects. Front Pharmacol. 2021, 12:574091. 10.3389\/fphar.2021.574091","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Re-emergence of TIVA in COVID times","volume":"64","author":"Chokshi T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chokshi T, Channabasappa S, Vergheese DC, Bajwa SJ, Gupta B, Mehdiratta L. Re-emergence of TIVA in COVID times. Indian J Anaesth. 2020, 64:S125-31.","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14020377","article-title":"Remifentanil-propofol-ketamine- based total intravenous anesthesia with spontaneous breathing for adult rigid bronchoscopy","volume":"14","author":"Frasca L","year":"2025","unstructured":"Frasca L, Sarubbi A, Longo F, et al.. Remifentanil-propofol-ketamine- based total intravenous anesthesia with spontaneous breathing for adult rigid bronchoscopy. J Clin Med. 2025, 14:377. 10.3390\/jcm14020377","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10122656","article-title":"Management of intraoperative mechanical ventilation to prevent postoperative complications after general anesthesia: a narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Fogagnolo A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fogagnolo A, Montanaro F, Al-Husinat L, et al.. Management of intraoperative mechanical ventilation to prevent postoperative complications after general anesthesia: a narrative review. J Clin Med. 2021, 10:2656. 10.3390\/jcm10122656","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13226776","article-title":"Individualised positive end-expiratory pressure settings reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Szigetv\u00e1ry C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Szigetv\u00e1ry C, Szab\u00f3 GV, Dembrovszky F, et al.. Individualised positive end-expiratory pressure settings reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2024, 13:6776. 10.3390\/jcm13226776","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_498_20","article-title":"All India difficult airway association (AIDAA) consensus guidelines for airway management in the operating room during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"64","author":"Patwa A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patwa A, Shah A, Garg R, et al.. All India difficult airway association (AIDAA) consensus guidelines for airway management in the operating room during the COVID-19 pandemic. Indian J Anaesth. 2020, 64:S107-15. 10.4103\/ija.IJA_498_20","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_454_20","article-title":"COVID operation theatre- advisory and position statement of Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (ISA National)","volume":"64","author":"Malhotra N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Malhotra N, Bajwa SJ, Joshi M, Mehdiratta L, Trikha A. COVID operation theatre- advisory and position statement of Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (ISA National). Indian J Anaesth. 2020, 64:355-62. 10.4103\/ija.IJA_454_20","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005043","article-title":"Airway management in the operating room and interventional suites in known or suspected COVID-19 adult patients: a practical review","volume":"131","author":"Thiruvenkatarajan V","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thiruvenkatarajan V, Wong DT, Kothandan H, Sekhar V, Adhikary SD, Currie J, Van Wijk RM. Airway management in the operating room and interventional suites in known or suspected COVID-19 adult patients: a practical review. Anesth Analg. 2020, 131:677-89. 10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005043","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50598","article-title":"Consensus statement: Safe Airway Society principles of airway management and tracheal intubation specific to the COVID-19 adult patient group","volume":"212","author":"Brewster DJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brewster DJ, Chrimes N, Do TB, et al.. Consensus statement: Safe Airway Society principles of airway management and tracheal intubation specific to the COVID-19 adult patient group. Med J Aust. 2020, 212:472-81. 10.5694\/mja2.50598","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283748","article-title":"An anesthesia-centered bundle to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications: the PRIME-AIR study protocol","volume":"18","author":"Fernandez-Bustamante A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fernandez-Bustamante A, Parker RA, Sprung J, et al.. An anesthesia-centered bundle to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications: the PRIME-AIR study protocol. PLoS One. 2023, 18:e0283748. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0283748","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/eja.0000000000001188","article-title":"Prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications in the hypoxaemic patient - gathering the evidence for noninvasive respiratory support","volume":"37","author":"Abbott T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abbott T, Pearse R, Chew M. Prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications in the hypoxaemic patient - gathering the evidence for noninvasive respiratory support. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2020, 37:263-4. 10.1097\/eja.0000000000001188","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-020-00498-5","article-title":"Oxygen administration for postoperative surgical patients: a narrative review","volume":"8","author":"Suzuki S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suzuki S. Oxygen administration for postoperative surgical patients: a narrative review. J Intensive Care. 2020, 8:79. 10.1186\/s40560-020-00498-5","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-020-00853-z","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols for postoperative pain","volume":"24","author":"Kaye AD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaye AD, Chernobylsky DJ, Thakur P, et al.. Dexmedetomidine in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols for postoperative pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2020, 24:21. 10.1007\/s11916-020-00853-z","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15105","article-title":"Neuraxial anaesthesia and peripheral nerve blocks during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review and practice recommendations","volume":"75","author":"Uppal V","year":"2020","unstructured":"Uppal V, Sondekoppam RV, Landau R, El-Boghdadly K, Narouze S, Kalagara HK. Neuraxial anaesthesia and peripheral nerve blocks during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review and practice recommendations. Anaesthesia. 2020, 75:1350-63. 10.1111\/anae.15105","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-023-07020-6","article-title":"Consensus Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Emergency Laparotomy Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(\u00ae)) Society Recommendations Part 2-Emergency Laparotomy: Intra- and Postoperative Care","volume":"47","author":"Scott MJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Scott MJ, Aggarwal G, Aitken RJ, et al.. Consensus Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Emergency Laparotomy Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(\u00ae)) Society Recommendations Part 2-Emergency Laparotomy: Intra- and Postoperative Care. World J Surg. 2023, 47:1850-80. 10.1007\/s00268-023-07020-6","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"This month in anesthesiology","volume":"31","year":"2022","unstructured":"This month in anesthesiology. Anesthesiology. 2022, 31.1-2.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.20354","article-title":"Anesthesia guidelines for COVID-19 patients: a narrative review and appraisal","volume":"73","author":"Ong S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ong S, Lim WY, Ong J, Kam P. Anesthesia guidelines for COVID-19 patients: a narrative review and appraisal. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2020, 73:486-502. 10.4097\/kja.20354","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-022-02495-8","article-title":"When to operate after SARS-CoV-2 infection? A review on the recent consensus recommendation of the DGC\/BDC and the DGAI\/BDA","volume":"407","author":"Noll J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Noll J, Reichert M, Dietrich M, et al.. When to operate after SARS-CoV-2 infection? A review on the recent consensus recommendation of the DGC\/BDC and the DGAI\/BDA. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2022, 407:1315-32. 10.1007\/s00423-022-02495-8","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.890967","article-title":"How should anesthesiologists face coronavirus disease 2019?","volume":"9","author":"Feng L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feng L, Fu S, Zhang P, Yao Y, Feng Z, Zhao Y, Luo L. How should anesthesiologists face coronavirus disease 2019?. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022, 9:890967. 10.3389\/fcvm.2022.890967","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/462535-anesthesia-in-patients-with-long-covid-or-post-infectious-respiratory-sequelae-undergoing-emergency-surgery-clinical-challenges-and-perioperative-strategies","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T16:20:55Z","timestamp":1771777255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/462535-anesthesia-in-patients-with-long-covid-or-post-infectious-respiratory-sequelae-undergoing-emergency-surgery-clinical-challenges-and-perioperative-strategies"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.104067","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]}}}