{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T11:14:28Z","timestamp":1772190868647,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.104364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T10:24:29Z","timestamp":1772187869000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine-Alcohol and Povidone-Iodine in Preventing Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Xiuli","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingli","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yufang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0904","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guideline for the prevention of surgical site infection, 2017","volume":"152","author":"Berr\u00edos-Torres SI","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berr\u00edos-Torres SI, Umscheid CA, Bratzler DW, et al.. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guideline for the prevention of surgical site infection, 2017. JAMA Surg. 2017, 152:784-91. 10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0904","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/605926","article-title":"Effects of preoperative skin preparation on postoperative wound infection rates a prospective study of 3 skin preparation protocols","volume":"30","author":"Swenson BR","year":"2009","unstructured":"Swenson BR, Hedrick TL, Metzger R, Bonatti H, Pruett TL, Sawyer RG. Effects of preoperative skin preparation on postoperative wound infection rates a prospective study of 3 skin preparation protocols. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009, 30:964-71. 10.1086\/605926","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.9763","article-title":"Health care-associated infections: a meta-analysis of costs and financial impact on the US health care system","volume":"173","author":"Zimlichman E","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zimlichman E, Henderson D, Tamir O, et al.. Health care-associated infections: a meta-analysis of costs and financial impact on the US health care system. JAMA Intern Med. 2013, 173:2039-46. 10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.9763","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30398-X","article-title":"New WHO recommendations on preoperative measures for surgical site infection prevention: an evidence-based global perspective","volume":"16","author":"Allegranzi B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Allegranzi B, Bischoff P, de Jonge S, et al.. New WHO recommendations on preoperative measures for surgical site infection prevention: an evidence-based global perspective. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016, 16:276-87. 10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30398-X","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-026-01227-6","article-title":"Response to comment on: Zero infection protocol in inflatable penile prosthesis surgery: a prospective cohort study using chlorhexidine-alcohol skin preparation and fibrin sealant hemostasis","author":"Fathollahi A","year":"2026","unstructured":"Fathollahi A, Razdan S, Razdan S. Response to comment on: Zero infection protocol in inflatable penile prosthesis surgery: a prospective cohort study using chlorhexidine-alcohol skin preparation and fibrin sealant hemostasis. Int J Impot Res. 2026, 10.1038\/s41443-026-01227-6","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044277","article-title":"The forgotten role of alcohol: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy and perceived role of chlorhexidine in skin antisepsis","volume":"7","author":"Maiwald M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maiwald M, Chan ES. The forgotten role of alcohol: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy and perceived role of chlorhexidine in skin antisepsis. PLoS ONE. 2012, 7:e44277. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0044277","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aorn.2010.01.020","article-title":"Evidence for using chlorhexidine gluconate preoperative cleansing to reduce the risk of surgical site infection","volume":"92","author":"Edmiston CE Jr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Edmiston CE Jr, Okoli O, Graham MB, Sinski S, Seabrook GR. Evidence for using chlorhexidine gluconate preoperative cleansing to reduce the risk of surgical site infection. AORN J. 2010, 92:509-18. 10.1016\/j.aorn.2010.01.020","journal-title":"AORN J"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4002-7","article-title":"The impact of chlorhexidine bathing on hospital-acquired bloodstream infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Musuuza JS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Musuuza JS, Guru PK, O'Horo JC, Bongiorno CM, Korobkin MA, Gangnon RE, Safdar N. The impact of chlorhexidine bathing on hospital-acquired bloodstream infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2019, 19:416. 10.1186\/s12879-019-4002-7","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511048","article-title":"A randomized trial comparing skin antiseptic agents at cesarean delivery","volume":"374","author":"Tuuli MG","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tuuli MG, Liu J, Stout MJ, et al.. A randomized trial comparing skin antiseptic agents at cesarean delivery. N Engl J Med. 2016, 374:647-55. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1511048","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.10.042","article-title":"Chlorhexidine vs povidone-iodine alcohol solutions for cardiac implantable electronic devices: a prospective randomized study","volume":"87","author":"Da Costa A","year":"2026","unstructured":"Da Costa A, Mansourati J, Eschalier R, et al.. Chlorhexidine vs povidone-iodine alcohol solutions for cardiac implantable electronic devices: a prospective randomized study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2026, 87:200-11. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.10.042","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.10.035","article-title":"Povidone-iodine vs chlorhexidine alcohol for skin preparation in malignant and premalignant gynaecologic diseases: a randomized controlled study","volume":"244","author":"Gezer S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gezer S, Yalva\u00e7 HM, G\u00fcng\u00f6r K, Y\u00fccesoy \u0130. Povidone-iodine vs chlorhexidine alcohol for skin preparation in malignant and premalignant gynaecologic diseases: a randomized controlled study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2020, 244:45-50. 10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.10.035","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(82)90031-7","article-title":"A comparison of the use of povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine in the prophylaxis of postoperative wound infection","volume":"3","author":"Berry AR","year":"1982","unstructured":"Berry AR, Watt B, Goldacre MJ, Thomson JW, McNair TJ. A comparison of the use of povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine in the prophylaxis of postoperative wound infection. J Hosp Infect. 1982, 3:55-63. 10.1016\/0195-6701(82)90031-7","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne JA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, et al.. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019, 366:l4898. 10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810988","article-title":"Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone-iodine for surgical-site antisepsis","volume":"362","author":"Darouiche RO","year":"2010","unstructured":"Darouiche RO, Wall MJ Jr, Itani KM, et al.. Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone-iodine for surgical-site antisepsis. N Engl J Med. 2010, 362:18-26. 10.1056\/NEJMoa0810988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Is chlorhexidine-gluconate superior than povidone-iodine in preventing surgical site infections? A multicenter study","volume":"65","author":"Bibi S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bibi S, Shah SA, Qureshi S, et al.. Is chlorhexidine-gluconate superior than povidone-iodine in preventing surgical site infections? A multicenter study. J Pak Med Assoc. 2015, 65:1197-201.","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2020.1953","article-title":"Effect of surgical skin antisepsis on surgical site infections in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery: a double-blind randomized clinical trial","volume":"155","author":"Dior UP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dior UP, Kathurusinghe S, Cheng C, Reddington C, Daley AJ, Ang C, Healey M. Effect of surgical skin antisepsis on surgical site infections in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2020, 155:807-15. 10.1001\/jamasurg.2020.1953","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-024-07693-0","article-title":"Chlorhexidine-alcohol compared with povidone-iodine-alcohol skin antisepsis protocols in major cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"50","author":"Boisson M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boisson M, Allain G, Roussel JC, et al.. Chlorhexidine-alcohol compared with povidone-iodine-alcohol skin antisepsis protocols in major cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Intensive Care Med. 2024, 50:2114-24. 10.1007\/s00134-024-07693-0","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.51901","article-title":"A comparison of chlorhexidine-alcohol and povidone-iodine-alcohol on the incidence of surgical site infection","volume":"16","author":"Fakoya A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fakoya A, Afolabi A, Ayandipo O, Makanjuola O, Adepoju O, Ajagbe O, Afuwape OO. A comparison of chlorhexidine-alcohol and povidone-iodine-alcohol on the incidence of surgical site infection. Cureus. 2024, 16:e51901. 10.7759\/cureus.51901","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.05.060","article-title":"A randomized open-label controlled trial of chlorhexidine-alcohol vs povidone-iodine for cesarean\u00a0antisepsis: the CAPICA trial","volume":"217","author":"Springel EH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Springel EH, Wang XY, Sarfoh VM, Stetzer BP, Weight SA, Mercer BM. A randomized open-label controlled trial of chlorhexidine-alcohol vs povidone-iodine for cesarean\u00a0antisepsis: the CAPICA trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017, 217:463.e1-8. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.05.060","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001118","article-title":"Skin preparation for prevention of surgical site infection after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"126","author":"Ngai IM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ngai IM, Van Arsdale A, Govindappagari S, et al.. Skin preparation for prevention of surgical site infection after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2015, 126:1251-7. 10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001118","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.8531","article-title":"Povidone iodine vs chlorhexidine gluconate in alcohol for preoperative skin antisepsis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"332","author":"Widmer AF","year":"2024","unstructured":"Widmer AF, Atkinson A, Kuster SP, et al.. Povidone iodine vs chlorhexidine gluconate in alcohol for preoperative skin antisepsis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2024, 332:541-9. 10.1001\/jama.2024.8531","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05490-4","article-title":"Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone-iodine as preoperative skin antisepsis for prevention of surgical site infection in cesarean delivery\u2014a pilot randomized control trial","volume":"22","author":"Luwang AL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luwang AL, Saha PK, Rohilla M, Sikka P, Saha L, Gautam V. Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone-iodine as preoperative skin antisepsis for prevention of surgical site infection in cesarean delivery\u2014a pilot randomized control trial. Trials. 2021, 22:540. 10.1186\/s13063-021-05490-4","journal-title":"Trials"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/465922-comparative-effectiveness-of-chlorhexidine-alcohol-and-povidone-iodine-in-preventing-surgical-site-infections-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T10:24:30Z","timestamp":1772187870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/465922-comparative-effectiveness-of-chlorhexidine-alcohol-and-povidone-iodine-in-preventing-surgical-site-infections-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"references-count":23,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.104364","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]}}}