{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T10:24:55Z","timestamp":1772792695436,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.104749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T07:54:57Z","timestamp":1772783697000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation and Pachychoroid: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Khalil E","family":"Aldaher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arwa","family":"Azmeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bassel","family":"Wehby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nawras","family":"Alhalabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.115501","article-title":"Types of choroidal neovascularisation in newly diagnosed exudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"91","author":"Cohen SY","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cohen SY, Creuzot-Garcher C, Darmon J, et al.. Types of choroidal neovascularisation in newly diagnosed exudative age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007, 91:1173-6. 10.1136\/bjo.2007.115501","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181669504","article-title":"Type 3 neovascularization: the expanded spectrum of retinal angiomatous proliferation","volume":"28","author":"Freund KB","year":"2008","unstructured":"Freund KB, Ho IV, Barbazetto IA, et al.. Type 3 neovascularization: the expanded spectrum of retinal angiomatous proliferation. Retina. 2008, 28:201-11. 10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181669504","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200110000-00003","article-title":"Retinal angiomatous proliferation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"21","author":"Yannuzzi LA","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yannuzzi LA, Negr\u00e3o S, Iida T, et al.. Retinal angiomatous proliferation in age-related macular degeneration. Retina. 2001, 21:416-34. 10.1097\/00006982-200110000-00003","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000086","article-title":"Subfoveal choroidal thickness in retinal angiomatous proliferation","volume":"34","author":"Yamazaki T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yamazaki T, Koizumi H, Yamagishi T, Kinoshita S. Subfoveal choroidal thickness in retinal angiomatous proliferation. Retina. 2014, 34:1316-22. 10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000086","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12437","article-title":"Environmental and genetic risk factors for retinal angiomatous proliferation","volume":"92","author":"Caramoy A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caramoy A, Ristau T, Lechanteur YT, et al.. Environmental and genetic risk factors for retinal angiomatous proliferation. Acta Ophthalmol. 2014, 92:745-8. 10.1111\/aos.12437","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0158-4","article-title":"Pachychoroid disease","volume":"33","author":"Cheung CM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheung CM, Lee WK, Koizumi H, Dansingani K, Lai TY, Freund KB. Pachychoroid disease. Eye (Lond). 2019, 33:14-33. 10.1038\/s41433-018-0158-4","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"The pachychoroid clinical spectrum","author":"Dolz-Marco R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dolz-Marco R, Dansingani KK, Freund KB. The pachychoroid clinical spectrum. Retina Today. 2016, 57-60.","journal-title":"Retina Today"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181619c55","article-title":"Review of retinal angiomatous proliferation or type 3 neovascularization","volume":"28","author":"Yannuzzi LA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yannuzzi LA, Freund KB, Takahashi BS. Review of retinal angiomatous proliferation or type 3 neovascularization. Retina. 2008, 28:375-84. 10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181619c55","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100110052025","article-title":"Imaging of chorioretinal anastomoses in vascularized retinal pigment epithelium detachments","volume":"113","author":"Kuhn D","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kuhn D, Meunier I, Soubrane G, Coscas G. Imaging of chorioretinal anastomoses in vascularized retinal pigment epithelium detachments. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995, 113:1392-8. 10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100110052025","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.06.030","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography of type 1 neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"160","author":"Kuehlewein L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kuehlewein L, Bansal M, Lenis TL, et al.. Optical coherence tomography angiography of type 1 neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015, 160:739-48.e2. 10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.06.030","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Biomicroscopic and histopathologic considerations regarding the feasibility of surgical excision of subfoveal neovascular membranes","volume":"118","author":"Gass JD","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gass JD. Biomicroscopic and histopathologic considerations regarding the feasibility of surgical excision of subfoveal neovascular membranes. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994, 118:285-98.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.10.034","article-title":"Outcomes in eyes with retinal angiomatous proliferation in the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials (CATT)","volume":"123","author":"Daniel E","year":"2016","unstructured":"Daniel E, Shaffer J, Ying GS, Grunwald JE, Martin DF, Jaffe GJ, Maguire MG. Outcomes in eyes with retinal angiomatous proliferation in the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials (CATT). Ophthalmology. 2016, 123:609-16. 10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.10.034","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200509000-00005","article-title":"Nature and risk of neovascularization in the fellow eye of patients with unilateral retinal angiomatous proliferation","volume":"25","author":"Gross NE","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gross NE, Aizman A, Brucker A, Klancnik JM Jr, Yannuzzi LA. Nature and risk of neovascularization in the fellow eye of patients with unilateral retinal angiomatous proliferation. Retina. 2005, 25:713-8. 10.1097\/00006982-200509000-00005","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1994.01090150132035","article-title":"Analysis of lipid deposits extracted from human macular and peripheral Bruch's membrane","volume":"112","author":"Holz FG","year":"1994","unstructured":"Holz FG, Sheraidah G, Pauleikhoff D, Bird AC. Analysis of lipid deposits extracted from human macular and peripheral Bruch's membrane. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994, 112:402-6. 10.1001\/archopht.1994.01090150132035","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.11.001","article-title":"Thinner choroid and greater drusen extent in retinal angiomatous proliferation than in typical exudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"155","author":"Kim JH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim JH, Kim JR, Kang SW, Kim SJ, Ha HS. Thinner choroid and greater drusen extent in retinal angiomatous proliferation than in typical exudative age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013, 155:743-9.e1-2. 10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.11.001","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17140","article-title":"OCT angiography compared to fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"56","author":"Teussink MM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Teussink MM, Breukink MB, van Grinsven MJ, et al.. OCT angiography compared to fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015, 56:5229-37. 10.1167\/iovs.15-17140","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_96_20","article-title":"Coexistence of retinal angiomatous proliferation and pachychoroid phenotype","volume":"68","author":"Saurabh K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saurabh K, Roy R, Batavia E. Coexistence of retinal angiomatous proliferation and pachychoroid phenotype. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020, 68:2236-8. 10.4103\/ijo.IJO_96_20","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2025.05.011","article-title":"Retinal angiomatous proliferation and pachychoroid","volume":"100","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Vicente JL","year":"2025","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Vicente JL, G\u00e1mez-Jim\u00e9nez EM, Fern\u00e1ndez-Font\u00e1n JC, Cordero-Bellido FJ, Su\u00e1rez-P\u00e9rez J, L\u00f3pez-Herrero F. Retinal angiomatous proliferation and pachychoroid. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed). 2025, 100:549-52. 10.1016\/j.oftale.2025.05.011","journal-title":"Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000004007","article-title":"Type 3 macular neovascularization in an eye with pachychoroid disease","volume":"44","author":"Song W","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song W, Fouad YA, Sarraf D. Type 3 macular neovascularization in an eye with pachychoroid disease. Retina. 2024, 44:e49-50. 10.1097\/IAE.0000000000004007","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318030ea80","article-title":"Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for retinal angiomatous proliferation","volume":"27","author":"Meyerle CB","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meyerle CB, Freund KB, Iturralde D, et al.. Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for retinal angiomatous proliferation. Retina. 2007, 27:451-7. 10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318030ea80","journal-title":"Retina"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/464517-retinal-angiomatous-proliferation-and-pachychoroid-a-case-report","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T07:54:57Z","timestamp":1772783697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/464517-retinal-angiomatous-proliferation-and-pachychoroid-a-case-report"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.104749","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]}}}