{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T01:56:14Z","timestamp":1781920574426,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.104887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T08:20:48Z","timestamp":1773044448000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Texture Analysis of Kidney MRI Using Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Intravoxel Incoherent Motion for Classifying the Severity of Chronic Kidney Diseases"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Nagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiji","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eito","family":"Kozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.16817","article-title":"Age and association of kidney measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease","volume":"308","author":"Hallan SI","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hallan SI, Matsushita K, Sang Y, et al.. Age and association of kidney measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease. JAMA. 2012, 308:2349-60. 10.1001\/jama.2012.16817","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60595-4","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention","volume":"382","author":"Gansevoort RT","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gansevoort RT, Correa-Rotter R, Hemmelgarn BR, et al.. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention. Lancet. 2013, 382:339-52. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60595-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318259e110","article-title":"Proteinuria and clinical outcomes after ischemic stroke","volume":"78","author":"Kumai Y","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kumai Y, Kamouchi M, Hata J, et al.. Proteinuria and clinical outcomes after ischemic stroke. Neurology. 2012, 78:1909-15. 10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318259e110","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000174","article-title":"Risk of pneumonia among patients with chronic kidney disease in outpatient and inpatient settings: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"93","author":"Chou CY","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chou CY, Wang SM, Liang CC, et al.. Risk of pneumonia among patients with chronic kidney disease in outpatient and inpatient settings: a nationwide population-based study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2014, 93:e174. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000000174","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2019010007","article-title":"GFR slope as a surrogate end point for kidney disease progression in clinical trials: a meta-analysis of treatment effects of randomized controlled trials","volume":"30","author":"Inker LA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Inker LA, Heerspink HJ, Tighiouart H, et al.. GFR slope as a surrogate end point for kidney disease progression in clinical trials: a meta-analysis of treatment effects of randomized controlled trials. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019, 30:1735-45. 10.1681\/ASN.2019010007","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-023-02408-z","article-title":"eGFR slope as a surrogate endpoint for end-stage kidney disease in patients with diabetes and eGFR > 30\u00a0mL\/min\/1.73 m(2) in the J-DREAMS cohort","volume":"28","author":"Sugawara Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sugawara Y, Kanda E, Ohsugi M, Ueki K, Kashihara N, Nangaku M. eGFR slope as a surrogate endpoint for end-stage kidney disease in patients with diabetes and eGFR &gt; 30\u00a0mL\/min\/1.73 m(2) in the J-DREAMS cohort. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2024, 28:144-52. 10.1007\/s10157-023-02408-z","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12196424","article-title":"Renal biopsy for diagnosis in kidney disease: indication, technique, and safety","volume":"12","author":"Schnuelle P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schnuelle P. Renal biopsy for diagnosis in kidney disease: indication, technique, and safety. J Clin Med. 2023, 12:6424. 10.3390\/jcm12196424","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.11019","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms of renal fibrosis: a review of animal models and therapeutic strategies","volume":"31","author":"Nogueira A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nogueira A, Pires MJ, Oliveira PA. Pathophysiological mechanisms of renal fibrosis: a review of animal models and therapeutic strategies. In Vivo. 2017, 31:1-22. 10.21873\/invivo.11019","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00590.2019","article-title":"Pathophysiology of unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury: importance of renal counterbalance and implications for the AKI-CKD transition","volume":"318","author":"Polichnowski AJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Polichnowski AJ, Griffin KA, Licea-Vargas H, et al.. Pathophysiology of unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury: importance of renal counterbalance and implications for the AKI-CKD transition. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2020, 318:F1086-99. 10.1152\/ajprenal.00590.2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy389","article-title":"Validation of the corticomedullary difference in magnetic resonance imaging-derived apparent diffusion coefficient for kidney fibrosis detection: a cross-sectional study","volume":"35","author":"Berchtold L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berchtold L, Friedli I, Crowe LA, et al.. Validation of the corticomedullary difference in magnetic resonance imaging-derived apparent diffusion coefficient for kidney fibrosis detection: a cross-sectional study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2020, 35:937-45. 10.1093\/ndt\/gfy389","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-018-1750-6","article-title":"Application of BOLD-MRI in the classification of renal function in chronic kidney disease","volume":"44","author":"Li C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li C, Liu H, Li X, Zhou L, Wang R, Zhang Y. Application of BOLD-MRI in the classification of renal function in chronic kidney disease. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2019, 44:604-11. 10.1007\/s00261-018-1750-6","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139661","article-title":"Multi-parametric evaluation of chronic kidney disease by MRI: A preliminary cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Prasad PV","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prasad PV, Thacker J, Li LP, et al.. Multi-parametric evaluation of chronic kidney disease by MRI: A preliminary cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2015, 10:e0139661. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0139661","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy163","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to assess diffuse renal pathology: a systematic review and statement paper","volume":"33","author":"Caroli A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Caroli A, Schneider M, Friedli I, et al.. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to assess diffuse renal pathology: a systematic review and statement paper. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018, 33:ii29-40. 10.1093\/ndt\/gfy163","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.09090891","article-title":"Variability of renal apparent diffusion coefficients: limitations of the monoexponential model for diffusion quantification","volume":"254","author":"Zhang JL","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang JL, Sigmund EE, Chandarana H, et al.. Variability of renal apparent diffusion coefficients: limitations of the monoexponential model for diffusion quantification. Radiology. 2010, 254:783-92. 10.1148\/radiol.09090891","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015151169","article-title":"Radiomics: images are more than pictures, they are data","volume":"278","author":"Gillies RJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gillies RJ, Kinahan PE, Hricak H. Radiomics: images are more than pictures, they are data. Radiology. 2016, 278:563-77. 10.1148\/radiol.2015151169","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-018-0068-z","article-title":"Radiomics: the facts and the challenges of image analysis","volume":"2","author":"Rizzo S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rizzo S, Botta F, Raimondi S, Origgi D, Fanciullo C, Morganti AG, Bellomi M. Radiomics: the facts and the challenges of image analysis. Eur Radiol Exp. 2018, 2:36. 10.1186\/s41747-018-0068-z","journal-title":"Eur Radiol Exp"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000354","article-title":"Experimental texture analysis in glioblastoma: a methodological study","volume":"52","author":"Hainc N","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hainc N, Stippich C, Stieltjes B, Leu S, Bink A. Experimental texture analysis in glioblastoma: a methodological study\r\n. Invest Radiol. 2017, 52:367-73. 10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000354","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-020-02772-4","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging and texture analysis: current role for diffuse liver disease","volume":"45","author":"Gourtsoyianni S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gourtsoyianni S, Santinha J, Matos C, Papanikolaou N. Diffusion-weighted imaging and texture analysis: current role for diffuse liver disease. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2020, 45:3523-31. 10.1007\/s00261-020-02772-4","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5911-3","article-title":"Evaluation of renal dysfunction using texture analysis based on DWI, BOLD, and susceptibility-weighted imaging","volume":"29","author":"Ding J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ding J, Xing Z, Jiang Z, et al.. Evaluation of renal dysfunction using texture analysis based on DWI, BOLD, and susceptibility-weighted imaging. Eur Radiol. 2019, 29:2293-301. 10.1007\/s00330-018-5911-3","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-20-842","article-title":"Texture analysis based on quantitative magnetic resonance imaging to assess kidney function: a preliminary study","volume":"11","author":"Zhang G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang G, Liu Y, Sun H, et al.. Texture analysis based on quantitative magnetic resonance imaging to assess kidney function: a preliminary study. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2021, 11:1256-70. 10.21037\/qims-20-842","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015","article-title":"User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: significantly improved efficiency and reliability","volume":"31","author":"Yushkevich PA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yushkevich PA, Piven J, Hazlett HC, Smith RG, Ho S, Gee JC, Gerig G. User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: significantly improved efficiency and reliability. Neuroimage. 2006, 31:1116-28. 10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-0339","article-title":"Computational radiomics system to decode the radiographic phenotype","volume":"77","author":"van Griethuysen JJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Griethuysen JJ, Fedorov A, Parmar C, et al.. Computational radiomics system to decode the radiographic phenotype. Cancer Res. 2017, 77:e104-7. 10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-0339","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Scikit-learn: machine learning in Python","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa F","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pedregosa F, Varoquaux G, Gramfort A. Scikit-learn: machine learning in Python. J Mach Learn Res. 2011, 12:2825-30.","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20220644","article-title":"Non-invasive evaluation of the pathological and functional characteristics of chronic kidney disease by diffusion kurtosis imaging and intravoxel incoherent motion imaging: comparison with conventional DWI","volume":"96","author":"Liang P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liang P, Yuan G, Li S, et al.. Non-invasive evaluation of the pathological and functional characteristics of chronic kidney disease by diffusion kurtosis imaging and intravoxel incoherent motion imaging: comparison with conventional DWI. Br J Radiol. 2023, 96:20220644. 10.1259\/bjr.20220644","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2025.2480751","article-title":"Noninvasive grading of renal interstitial fibrosis and prediction of annual renal function loss in chronic kidney disease: the optimal solution of seven MR diffusion models","volume":"47","author":"Yuan G","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yuan G, Liao Z, Liang P, et al.. Noninvasive grading of renal interstitial fibrosis and prediction of annual renal function loss in chronic kidney disease: the optimal solution of seven MR diffusion models. Ren Fail. 2025, 47:2480751. 10.1080\/0886022X.2025.2480751","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-021-01091-6","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of kidney dysfunction in children by using blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI and intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging","volume":"12","author":"Liang P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liang P, Chen Y, Li S, et al.. Noninvasive assessment of kidney dysfunction in children by using blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI and intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging. Insights Imaging. 2021, 12:146. 10.1186\/s13244-021-01091-6","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1532210","article-title":"Utility of the combination of IVIM-DWI MRI and baseline eGFR for identifying a high risk of chronic kidney disease progression","volume":"12","author":"Yu Y","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yu Y, Zhang W, Zhu L, et al.. Utility of the combination of IVIM-DWI MRI and baseline eGFR for identifying a high risk of chronic kidney disease progression. Front Med (Lausanne). 2025, 12:1532210. 10.3389\/fmed.2025.1532210","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/AOT.920232","article-title":"Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of renal function and parenchymal changes in chronic kidney disease: a preliminary study","volume":"25","author":"Su\u0142kowska K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Su\u0142kowska K, Palczewski P, Furma\u0144czyk-Zawiska A, et al.. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of renal function and parenchymal changes in chronic kidney disease: a preliminary study. Ann Transplant. 2020, 25:e920232. 10.12659\/AOT.920232","journal-title":"Ann Transplant"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185115595658","article-title":"Assessment of renal dysfunction with diffusion-weighted imaging: comparing intra-voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) with a mono-exponential model","volume":"57","author":"Ding J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ding J, Chen J, Jiang Z, Zhou H, Di J, Xing W. Assessment of renal dysfunction with diffusion-weighted imaging: comparing intra-voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) with a mono-exponential model. Acta Radiol. 2016, 57:507-12. 10.1177\/0284185115595658","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573405620666230627103919","article-title":"Does bi-exponential fitting perform better than mono-exponential fitting in IVIM-DWI? An assessment of renal pathological injury of IgA nephropathy","volume":"20","author":"Mao W","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mao W, Ding X, Ding Y, Fu C, Zeng M, Zhou J. Does bi-exponential fitting perform better than mono-exponential fitting in IVIM-DWI? An assessment of renal pathological injury of IgA nephropathy. Curr Med Imaging. 2024, 20:e270623218301. 10.2174\/1573405620666230627103919","journal-title":"Curr Med Imaging"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-09331-z","article-title":"Capability of arterial spin labeling and intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging to detect early kidney injury in chronic kidney disease","volume":"33","author":"Mao W","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mao W, Ding Y, Ding X, et al.. Capability of arterial spin labeling and intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging to detect early kidney injury in chronic kidney disease. Eur Radiol. 2023, 33:3286-94. 10.1007\/s00330-022-09331-z","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2012.08.004","article-title":"Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging of the kidney: alterations in diffusion and perfusion in patients with renal dysfunction","volume":"31","author":"Ichikawa S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ichikawa S, Motosugi U, Ichikawa T, Sano K, Morisaka H, Araki T. Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging of the kidney: alterations in diffusion and perfusion in patients with renal dysfunction. Magn Reson Imaging. 2013, 31:414-7. 10.1016\/j.mri.2012.08.004","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.12.062","article-title":"What can we see with IVIM MRI?","volume":"187","author":"Le Bihan D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Le Bihan D. What can we see with IVIM MRI?. Neuroimage. 2019, 187:56-67. 10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.12.062","journal-title":"Neuroimage"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/460505-texture-analysis-of-kidney-mri-using-diffusion-weighted-imaging-and-intravoxel-incoherent-motion-for-classifying-the-severity-of-chronic-kidney-diseases","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T08:20:48Z","timestamp":1773044448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/460505-texture-analysis-of-kidney-mri-using-diffusion-weighted-imaging-and-intravoxel-incoherent-motion-for-classifying-the-severity-of-chronic-kidney-diseases"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.104887","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]}}}