{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T23:47:28Z","timestamp":1773272848829,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.105027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T09:00:15Z","timestamp":1773219615000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Safety of Six First-Line Antiepileptic Monotherapies in Pediatric Epilepsy Using the United States FDA Adverse Event Reporting System"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Toru","family":"Ogura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1418926","article-title":"Global, regional, and national time trends in the burden of epilepsy, 1990-2019: an age-period-cohort analysis for the global burden of disease 2019 study","volume":"15","author":"Shan T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shan T, Zhu Y, Fan H, Liu Z, Xie J, Li M, Jing S. Global, regional, and national time trends in the burden of epilepsy, 1990-2019: an age-period-cohort analysis for the global burden of disease 2019 study. Front Neurol. 2024, 15:1418926. 10.3389\/fneur.2024.1418926","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.CON.0000431381.29308.85","article-title":"Management of childhood epilepsy","volume":"19","author":"Glauser TA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Glauser TA, Loddenkemper T. Management of childhood epilepsy. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2013, 19:656-81. 10.1212\/01.CON.0000431381.29308.85","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-015-0281-8","article-title":"Antiepileptic drug treatment in children with epilepsy","volume":"29","author":"Rosati A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosati A, De Masi S, Guerrini R. Antiepileptic drug treatment in children with epilepsy. CNS Drugs. 2015, 29:847-63. 10.1007\/s40263-015-0281-8","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.o1446","article-title":"Epilepsies in children, young people, and adults: summary of updated NICE guidance","volume":"378","author":"Gonzalez-Viana E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Viana E, Sen A, Bonnon A, Cross JH. Epilepsies in children, young people, and adults: summary of updated NICE guidance. BMJ. 2022, 378:o1446. 10.1136\/bmj.o1446","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12874","article-title":"Status of epilepsy care delivery and referral in clinics, hospitals, and epilepsy centers in Japan: a nationwide survey","volume":"9","author":"Tokumoto K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tokumoto K, Terada K, Kawaguchi N, et al.. Status of epilepsy care delivery and referral in clinics, hospitals, and epilepsy centers in Japan: a nationwide survey. Epilepsia Open. 2024, 9:314-24. 10.1002\/epi4.12874","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5698\/1535-7511-12.4s.22","article-title":"AED treatment through different ages: as our brains change, should our drug choices also?","volume":"12","author":"French JA","year":"2012","unstructured":"French JA, Staley BA. AED treatment through different ages: as our brains change, should our drug choices also?. Epilepsy Curr. 2012, 12:22-7. 10.5698\/1535-7511-12.4s.22","journal-title":"Epilepsy Curr"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-013-0048-z","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of focal epilepsy in children: a systematic review of approved agents","volume":"27","author":"Arya R","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arya R, Glauser TA. Pharmacotherapy of focal epilepsy in children: a systematic review of approved agents. CNS Drugs. 2013, 27:273-86. 10.1007\/s40263-013-0048-z","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.978876","article-title":"Comparative antiseizure medications of adjunctive treatment for children with drug-resistant focal-onset seizures: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Zhang L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang L, Li Y, Wang W, Wang C. Comparative antiseizure medications of adjunctive treatment for children with drug-resistant focal-onset seizures: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2022, 13:978876. 10.3389\/fphar.2022.978876","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0242-2","article-title":"Recommendations for the design of therapeutic trials for neonatal seizures","volume":"85","author":"Soul JS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soul JS, Pressler R, Allen M, et al.. Recommendations for the design of therapeutic trials for neonatal seizures. Pediatr Res. 2019, 85:943-54. 10.1038\/s41390-018-0242-2","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073820931255","article-title":"The clinical research landscape of pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy","volume":"35","author":"Kaal KJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaal KJ, Aguiar M, Harrison M, McDonald PJ, Illes J. The clinical research landscape of pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy. J Child Neurol. 2020, 35:763-6. 10.1177\/0883073820931255","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"FDA Adverse Event Monitoring System (AEMS) Quarterly Data Extract Files. Accessed. January 31, 2026: https:\/\/fis.fda.gov\/extensions\/FPD-QDE-FAERS\/FPD-QDE-FAERS.html."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.81260","article-title":"Comparative analysis of adverse event profiles among seven statins for hypercholesterolemia management using the United States FDA Adverse Event Reporting System","volume":"17","author":"Ogura T","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ogura T, Shiraishi C. Comparative analysis of adverse event profiles among seven statins for hypercholesterolemia management using the United States FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. Cureus. 2025, 17:e81260. 10.7759\/cureus.81260","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.81912","article-title":"Comparison of adverse events among angiotensin receptor blockers in hypertension using the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System","volume":"17","author":"Ogura T","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ogura T, Shiraishi C. Comparison of adverse events among angiotensin receptor blockers in hypertension using the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System. Cureus. 2025, 17:e81912. 10.7759\/cureus.81912","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-005-5348-0","article-title":"Antiepileptic drugs and the developing brain","volume":"63","author":"Kaindl AM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kaindl AM, Asimiadou S, Manthey D, Hagen MV, Turski L, Ikonomidou C. Antiepileptic drugs and the developing brain. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2006, 63:399-413. 10.1007\/s00018-005-5348-0","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15190\/d.2020.7","article-title":"Epileptic seizures","volume":"8","author":"Anwar H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anwar H, Khan QU, Nadeem N, Pervaiz I, Ali M, Cheema FF. Epileptic seizures. Discoveries (Craiova). 2020, 8:e110. 10.15190\/d.2020.7","journal-title":"Discoveries (Craiova)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.07.015","article-title":"Rashes and other hypersensitivity reactions associated with antiepileptic drugs: a review of current literature","volume":"71","author":"Mani R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mani R, Monteleone C, Schalock PC, Truong T, Zhang XB, Wagner ML. Rashes and other hypersensitivity reactions associated with antiepileptic drugs: a review of current literature. Seizure. 2019, 71:270-8. 10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.07.015","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2008.01009.x","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity associated with antiepileptic drugs","volume":"118","author":"Bj\u00f6rnsson E","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rnsson E. Hepatotoxicity associated with antiepileptic drugs. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008, 118:281-90. 10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2008.01009.x","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2018.02.005","article-title":"Nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis from topiramate therapy in children with epilepsy","volume":"3","author":"Barnett SM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barnett SM, Jackson AH, Rosen BA, Garb JL, Braden GL. Nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis from topiramate therapy in children with epilepsy. Kidney Int Rep. 2018, 3:684-90. 10.1016\/j.ekir.2018.02.005","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.43.s.3.5.x","article-title":"Children versus adults: pharmacokinetic and adverse-effect differences","volume":"43 Suppl 3","author":"Anderson GD","year":"2002","unstructured":"Anderson GD. Children versus adults: pharmacokinetic and adverse-effect differences. Epilepsia. 2002, 43 Suppl 3:53-9. 10.1046\/j.1528-1157.43.s.3.5.x","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000200210","article-title":"Zonisamide: a comprehensive, updated review for the clinician","volume":"14","author":"Gidal BE","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gidal BE, Resnick T, Smith MC, Wheless JW. Zonisamide: a comprehensive, updated review for the clinician. Neurol Clin Pract. 2024, 14:e200210. 10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000200210","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0920-1211(01)00296-0","article-title":"A systematic review of the safety profile of levetiracetam: a new antiepileptic drug","volume":"47","author":"French J","year":"2001","unstructured":"French J, Edrich P, Cramer JA. A systematic review of the safety profile of levetiracetam: a new antiepileptic drug. Epilepsy Res. 2001, 47:77-90. 10.1016\/s0920-1211(01)00296-0","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2017.09.013","article-title":"Antiepileptic drugs and liver disease","volume":"77","author":"Vidaurre J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vidaurre J, Gedela S, Yarosz S. Antiepileptic drugs and liver disease. Pediatr Neurol. 2017, 77:23-36. 10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2017.09.013","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/471064-comparative-safety-of-six-first-line-antiepileptic-monotherapies-in-pediatric-epilepsy-using-the-united-states-fda-adverse-event-reporting-system","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T09:00:16Z","timestamp":1773219616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/471064-comparative-safety-of-six-first-line-antiepileptic-monotherapies-in-pediatric-epilepsy-using-the-united-states-fda-adverse-event-reporting-system"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"references-count":22,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.105027","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]}}}