{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T17:08:09Z","timestamp":1773335289194,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.105076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:31:57Z","timestamp":1773293517000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["myoActivation\u00ae for Chronic Pain Care That Changes the Biotensegral Properties of the Human Body: A Motion Laboratory Case Report"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Leveille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farah T","family":"Azim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Bhatnagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gillian R","family":"Lauder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Unrecognized myofascial components of pediatric complex pain: myoActivation, a structured solution for assessment and management","volume":"1","author":"Lauder G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lauder G, Huang J, West NC. Unrecognized myofascial components of pediatric complex pain: myoActivation, a structured solution for assessment and management. Curr Trends Med. 2019, 1:1-16.","journal-title":"Curr Trends Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2016.03.010","article-title":"Myofascial pain: mechanisms to management","volume":"28","author":"Fricton J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fricton J. Myofascial pain: mechanisms to management. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2016, 28:289-311. 10.1016\/j.coms.2016.03.010","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Biotensegrity: The Structural Basis of Life 2nd Edition","author":"Scarr GM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scarr GM. Biotensegrity: The Structural Basis of Life 2nd Edition. Handspring Publishing Limited, Edinburgh, Scotland; 2018."},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual, Volume I","author":"Travell JG","year":"1992","unstructured":"Travell JG, Simons DG. Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual, Volume I. Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, Baltimore, MD; 1992."},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual, Volume II","author":"Travell JG","year":"1998","unstructured":"Travell JG, Simons DG, Simons LS. Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual, Volume II. Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, Baltimore, MD; 1998."},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Fascia: The Tensional Network of the Human Body","author":"Schleip R","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schleip R, Findley TW, Chaitow L, Huijing PA. Fascia: The Tensional Network of the Human Body. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, London, UK; 2012."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00419.2005","article-title":"An in vivo microanalytical technique for measuring the local biochemical milieu of human skeletal muscle","volume":"99","author":"Shah JP","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shah JP, Phillips TM, Danoff JV, Gerber LH. An in vivo microanalytical technique for measuring the local biochemical milieu of human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005, 99:1977-84. 10.1152\/japplphysiol.00419.2005","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2008.06.006","article-title":"Uncovering the biochemical milieu of myofascial trigger points using in vivo microdialysis: an application of muscle pain concepts to myofascial pain syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Shah JP","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shah JP, Gilliams EA. Uncovering the biochemical milieu of myofascial trigger points using in vivo microdialysis: an application of muscle pain concepts to myofascial pain syndrome. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2008, 12:371-84. 10.1016\/j.jbmt.2008.06.006","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.12.015","article-title":"Effectiveness of dry needling for myofascial trigger points associated with neck and shoulder pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Liu L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu L, Huang QM, Liu QG, Ye G, Bo CZ, Chen MJ, Li P. Effectiveness of dry needling for myofascial trigger points associated with neck and shoulder pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015, 96:944-55. 10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.12.015","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Scars, Adhesions and the Biotensegral Body: Science, Assessment and Treatment","author":"Trewartha JE","year":"2020","unstructured":"Trewartha JE, Wheeler SL. Scars, Adhesions and the Biotensegral Body: Science, Assessment and Treatment. Handspring Publishing Limited, Edinburgh, Scotland; 2020."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2003.12.002","article-title":"Latent myofascial trigger points: their effects on muscle activation and movement efficiency","volume":"8","author":"Lucas KR","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lucas KR, Polus BI, Rich PA. Latent myofascial trigger points: their effects on muscle activation and movement efficiency. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2004, 8:160-6. 10.1016\/j.jbmt.2003.12.002","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.84377","article-title":"myoActivation: a structured process for chronic pain resolution","author":"Lauder G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lauder G, West N, Siren G. myoActivation: a structured process for chronic pain resolution. From Conventional to Innovative Approaches for Pain Treatment. Cascella M (ed): IntechOpen, London, UK; 2019. 10.5772\/intechopen.84377"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.93525","article-title":"Clinical insights into the importance of scars and scar release in paediatric chronic myofascial pain","author":"Lauder G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lauder G, West N. Clinical insights into the importance of scars and scar release in paediatric chronic myofascial pain. Pain Management - Practices, Novel Therapies and Bioactives. Yashasvi Waisundara V, Banjari I, Balki\u0107 J (ed): IntechOpen, London, UK; 2020. 10.5772\/intechopen.93525"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/prm\/8567447","article-title":"The impact of a novel methodological process for needling scars, fascia, and muscles in the management of myofascial dysfunction and chronic pain in a population living with social and health inequities: quantitative findings from a longitudinal observational pilot study","volume":"2025","author":"Nguyen L","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nguyen L, Eddy BL, West N, Bone JN, Currie LM, Lauder G. The impact of a novel methodological process for needling scars, fascia, and muscles in the management of myofascial dysfunction and chronic pain in a population living with social and health inequities: quantitative findings from a longitudinal observational pilot study. Pain Res Manag. 2025, 2025:7. 10.1155\/prm\/8567447","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2023.1225088","article-title":"Assessing changes in range of motion in adolescent patients undergoing myoActivation\u00ae for chronic pain related to myofascial dysfunction: a feasibility study","volume":"4","author":"Bhatnagar T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhatnagar T, Azim FT, Behrouzian M, et al.. Assessing changes in range of motion in adolescent patients undergoing myoActivation\u00ae for chronic pain related to myofascial dysfunction: a feasibility study. Front Pain Res (Lausanne). 2023, 4:1225088. 10.3389\/fpain.2023.1225088","journal-title":"Front Pain Res (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.68029","article-title":"myoActivation\u00ae, a structured assessment and therapeutic process for adolescents with myofascial dysfunction and chronic low back pain: a case series","volume":"16","author":"Luo J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo J, West N, Lauder GR. myoActivation\u00ae, a structured assessment and therapeutic process for adolescents with myofascial dysfunction and chronic low back pain: a case series. Cureus. 2024, 16:e68029. 10.7759\/cureus.68029","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.87863","article-title":"Early-life trauma as a trigger for developmental myofascial dysfunction: a case report","volume":"17","author":"Lauder GR","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lauder GR, Luo J, Nassaazi J. Early-life trauma as a trigger for developmental myofascial dysfunction: a case report. Cureus. 2025, 17:e87863. 10.7759\/cureus.87863","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.7092","article-title":"A review of the theoretical fascial models: biotensegrity, fascintegrity, and myofascial chains","volume":"12","author":"Bordoni B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bordoni B, Myers T. A review of the theoretical fascial models: biotensegrity, fascintegrity, and myofascial chains. Cureus. 2020, 12:e7092. 10.7759\/cureus.7092","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.01.024","article-title":"Myofascial trigger points then and now: a historical and scientific perspective","volume":"7","author":"Shah JP","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shah JP, Thaker N, Heimur J, Aredo JV, Sikdar S, Gerber L. Myofascial trigger points then and now: a historical and scientific perspective. PM R. 2015, 7:746-61. 10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.01.024","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2018.12.002","article-title":"Regarding: Update on fascial nomenclature - an additional proposal by John Sharkey MSc, Clinical Anatomist","volume":"23","author":"Schleip R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schleip R, Adstrum S, Hedley G, Stecco C, Yucesoy CA. Regarding: Update on fascial nomenclature - an additional proposal by John Sharkey MSc, Clinical Anatomist. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2019, 23:9-10. 10.1016\/j.jbmt.2018.12.002","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.07.023","article-title":"What is evidence-based about myofascial chains: a systematic review","volume":"97","author":"Wilke J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wilke J, Krause F, Vogt L, Banzer W. What is evidence-based about myofascial chains: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016, 97:454-61. 10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.07.023","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Homo Hapticus","author":"Grunwald M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grunwald M. Homo Hapticus. Droemer Verlag, Munich, Germany; 2019."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1458385","article-title":"Fascia as a regulatory system in health and disease","volume":"15","author":"Slater AM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Slater AM, Barclay SJ, Granfar RM, Pratt RL. Fascia as a regulatory system in health and disease. Front Neurol. 2024, 15:5. 10.3389\/fneur.2024.1458385","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.12.032","article-title":"Connective tissue: a body-wide signaling network?","volume":"66","author":"Langevin HM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Langevin HM. Connective tissue: a body-wide signaling network?. Med Hypotheses. 2006, 66:1074-7. 10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.12.032","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40141-020-00302-3","article-title":"The fascial system in musculoskeletal function and myofascial pain","volume":"8","author":"Ganjaei KG","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ganjaei KG, Ray JW, Waite B, Burnham KJ. The fascial system in musculoskeletal function and myofascial pain. Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep. 2020, 8:364-72. 10.1007\/s40141-020-00302-3","journal-title":"Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12464","article-title":"Intermuscular force transmission along myofascial chains: a systematic review","volume":"228","author":"Krause F","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krause F, Wilke J, Vogt L, Banzer W. Intermuscular force transmission along myofascial chains: a systematic review. J Anat. 2016, 228:910-8. 10.1111\/joa.12464","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2008.05.007","article-title":"Human resting muscle tone (HRMT): narrative introduction and modern concepts","volume":"12","author":"Masi AT","year":"2008","unstructured":"Masi AT, Hannon JC. Human resting muscle tone (HRMT): narrative introduction and modern concepts. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2008, 12:320-32. 10.1016\/j.jbmt.2008.05.007","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.08.025","article-title":"Passive muscle stiffness may be influenced by active contractility of intramuscular connective tissue","volume":"66","author":"Schleip R","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schleip R, Naylor IL, Ursu D, et al.. Passive muscle stiffness may be influenced by active contractility of intramuscular connective tissue. Med Hypotheses. 2006, 66:66-71. 10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.08.025","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054527","article-title":"From muscle to the myofascial unit: current evidence and future perspectives","volume":"24","author":"Stecco A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stecco A, Giordani F, Fede C, Pirri C, De Caro R, Stecco C. From muscle to the myofascial unit: current evidence and future perspectives. Int J Mol Sci. 2023, 24:7. 10.3390\/ijms24054527","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.06.006","article-title":"Fascial disorders: Implications for treatment","volume":"8","author":"Stecco A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stecco A, Stern R, Fantoni I, De Caro R, Stecco C. Fascial disorders: Implications for treatment. PM R. 2016, 8:161-8. 10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.06.006","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.09.025","article-title":"Sensory findings after stimulation of the thoracolumbar fascia with hypertonic saline suggest its contribution to low back pain","volume":"155","author":"Schilder A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schilder A, Hoheisel U, Magerl W, Benrath J, Klein T, Treede RD. Sensory findings after stimulation of the thoracolumbar fascia with hypertonic saline suggest its contribution to low back pain. Pain. 2014, 155:222-31. 10.1016\/j.pain.2013.09.025","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-12-203","article-title":"Reduced thoracolumbar fascia shear strain in human chronic low back pain","volume":"12","author":"Langevin HM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Langevin HM, Fox JR, Koptiuch C, et al.. Reduced thoracolumbar fascia shear strain in human chronic low back pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011, 12:203. 10.1186\/1471-2474-12-203","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HNP.0000000000000188","article-title":"Successful integrative medicine assessment and treatment of chronic pain associated with breast surgery: a report of 3 cases","volume":"31","author":"Chung MK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chung MK, LaRiccia PJ. Successful integrative medicine assessment and treatment of chronic pain associated with breast surgery: a report of 3 cases. Holist Nurs Pract. 2017, 31:21-9. 10.1097\/HNP.0000000000000188","journal-title":"Holist Nurs Pract"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2016.07.013","article-title":"Treatment of the scar after arthroscopic surgery on a knee","volume":"21","author":"Alvira-Lechuz J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alvira-Lechuz J, Espiau MR, Alvira-Lechuz E. Treatment of the scar after arthroscopic surgery on a knee. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017, 21:328-33. 10.1016\/j.jbmt.2016.07.013","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Textbook on Scar Management: State of the Art Management and Emerging Technologies","author":"T\u00e9ot L","year":"2020","unstructured":"T\u00e9ot L, Mustoe TA, Middelkoop E, Gauglitz G. Textbook on Scar Management: State of the Art Management and Emerging Technologies. Springer, Cham, Switzerland; 2020."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2065","article-title":"Scar management in the pediatric and adolescent populations","volume":"137","author":"Krakowski AC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krakowski AC, Totri CR, Donelan MB, Shumaker PR. Scar management in the pediatric and adolescent populations. Pediatrics. 2016, 137:e20142065. 10.1542\/peds.2014-2065","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S52870","article-title":"Skin, fascias, and scars: symptoms and systemic connections","volume":"7","author":"Bordoni B","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bordoni B, Zanier E. Skin, fascias, and scars: symptoms and systemic connections. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2013, 7:11-24. 10.2147\/JMDH.S52870","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/397154-myoactivation-for-chronic-pain-care-that-changes-the-biotensegral-properties-of-the-human-body-a-motion-laboratory-case-report","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:31:57Z","timestamp":1773293517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/397154-myoactivation-for-chronic-pain-care-that-changes-the-biotensegral-properties-of-the-human-body-a-motion-laboratory-case-report"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"references-count":37,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.105076","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]}}}