{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:13:11Z","timestamp":1774527191264,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.105884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T11:13:29Z","timestamp":1774523609000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reassessing the Application of the Haller Index as a Surgical Indicator for Pectus Excavatum"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Bryan J","family":"Calderin Barreto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glorimar","family":"Salcedo Martir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria L","family":"Nieves Tirado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan R","family":"Iriarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norman","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Lluch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor N","family":"Ortiz Justiniano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3468(87)80585-7","article-title":"Use of CT scans in selection of patients for pectus excavatum surgery: a preliminary report","volume":"22","author":"Haller JA Jr","year":"1987","unstructured":"Haller JA Jr, Kramer SS, Lietman SA. Use of CT scans in selection of patients for pectus excavatum surgery: a preliminary report. J Pediatr Surg. 1987, 22:904-6. 10.1016\/s0022-3468(87)80585-7","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-010-1681-z","article-title":"Comparison of Haller index values calculated with chest radiographs versus CT for pectus excavatum evaluation","volume":"40","author":"Khanna G","year":"2010","unstructured":"Khanna G, Jaju A, Don S, Keys T, Hildebolt CF. Comparison of Haller index values calculated with chest radiographs versus CT for pectus excavatum evaluation. Pediatr Radiol. 2010, 40:1763-7. 10.1007\/s00247-010-1681-z","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivs045","article-title":"Pectus excavatum: history, hypotheses and treatment options","volume":"14","author":"Brochhausen C","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brochhausen C, Turial S, M\u00fcller FK, et al.. Pectus excavatum: history, hypotheses and treatment options. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2012, 14:801-6. 10.1093\/icvts\/ivs045","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2723","article-title":"Surgical repair of pectus excavatum markedly improves body image and perceived ability for physical activity: multicenter study","volume":"122","author":"Kelly RE Jr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kelly RE Jr, Cash TF, Shamberger RC, et al.. Surgical repair of pectus excavatum markedly improves body image and perceived ability for physical activity: multicenter study. Pediatrics. 2008, 122:1218-22. 10.1542\/peds.2007-2723","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2003.50118","article-title":"Pulmonary function and exercise response in patients with pectus excavatum after Nuss repair","volume":"38","author":"Borowitz D","year":"2003","unstructured":"Borowitz D, Cerny F, Zallen G, Sharp J, Burke M, Gross K, Glick PL. Pulmonary function and exercise response in patients with pectus excavatum after Nuss repair. J Pediatr Surg. 2003, 38:544-7. 10.1053\/jpsu.2003.50118","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PROM.S117771","article-title":"Outcomes in adult pectus excavatum patients undergoing Nuss repair","volume":"9","author":"Ewais MM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ewais MM, Chaparala S, Uhl R, Jaroszewski DE. Outcomes in adult pectus excavatum patients undergoing Nuss repair. Patient Relat Outcome Meas. 2018, 9:65-90. 10.2147\/PROM.S117771","journal-title":"Patient Relat Outcome Meas"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2009.03.001","article-title":"Anatomical, histologic, and genetic characteristics of congenital chest wall deformities","volume":"21","author":"Fokin AA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fokin AA, Steuerwald NM, Ahrens WA, Allen KE. Anatomical, histologic, and genetic characteristics of congenital chest wall deformities. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009, 21:44-57. 10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2009.03.001","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14222488","article-title":"Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse among individuals with pectus excavatum: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Sonaglioni A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sonaglioni A, Bruno A, Polymeropoulos A, Nicolosi GL, Lombardo M, Muti P. Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse among individuals with pectus excavatum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024, 14:2488. 10.3390\/diagnostics14222488","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjpso.2025.100236","article-title":"Contemporary management of pectus excavatum: a survey of the members of the American Pediatric Surgical Association","volume":"12","author":"Lukish A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lukish A, Kang HS, Kovler M, et al.. Contemporary management of pectus excavatum: a survey of the members of the American Pediatric Surgical Association. J Pediatr Surg Open. 2025, 12:100236. 10.1016\/j.yjpso.2025.100236","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg Open"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2002.30852","article-title":"Comparison of minimally invasive and modified Ravitch pectus excavatum repair","volume":"37","author":"Fonkalsrud EW","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fonkalsrud EW, Beanes S, Hebra A, Adamson W, Tagge E. Comparison of minimally invasive and modified Ravitch pectus excavatum repair. J Pediatr Surg. 2002, 37:413-7. 10.1053\/jpsu.2002.30852","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1983.127.6.725","article-title":"Changes in the normal maximal expiratory flow-volume curve with growth and aging","volume":"127","author":"Knudson RJ","year":"1983","unstructured":"Knudson RJ, Lebowitz MD, Holberg CJ, Burrows B. Changes in the normal maximal expiratory flow-volume curve with growth and aging. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1983, 127:725-34. 10.1164\/arrd.1983.127.6.725","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2021.07.051","article-title":"The severity of pectus excavatum defect is associated with impaired cardiopulmonary function","volume":"114","author":"Zens TJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zens TJ, Casar Berazaluce AM, Jenkins TM, et al.. The severity of pectus excavatum defect is associated with impaired cardiopulmonary function. Ann Thorac Surg. 2022, 114:1015-21. 10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2021.07.051","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2021-001020","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary function in adolescent patients with pectus excavatum or carinatum","volume":"8","author":"Ramadan S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramadan S, Wilde J, Tabard-Foug\u00e8re A, et al.. Cardiopulmonary function in adolescent patients with pectus excavatum or carinatum. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2021, 8:e001020. 10.1136\/bmjresp-2021-001020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2004.09.040","article-title":"Impact of pectus excavatum on pulmonary function before and after repair with the Nuss procedure","volume":"40","author":"Lawson ML","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lawson ML, Mellins RB, Tabangin M, Kelly RE Jr, Croitoru DP, Goretsky MJ, Nuss D. Impact of pectus excavatum on pulmonary function before and after repair with the Nuss procedure. J Pediatr Surg. 2005, 40:174-80. 10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2004.09.040","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2006.07.004","article-title":"Pulmonary function following surgical repair of pectus excavatum: a meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Malek MH","year":"2006","unstructured":"Malek MH, Berger DE, Marelich WD, Coburn JW, Beck TW, Housh TJ. Pulmonary function following surgical repair of pectus excavatum: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006, 30:637-43. 10.1016\/j.ejcts.2006.07.004","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivv286","article-title":"Impact of surgical correction of pectus excavatum on cardiac function: insights on the right ventricle. A cardiovascular magnetic resonance study\u2020","volume":"22","author":"T\u00f6pper A","year":"2016","unstructured":"T\u00f6pper A, Polleichtner S, Zagrosek A, et al.. Impact of surgical correction of pectus excavatum on cardiac function: insights on the right ventricle. A cardiovascular magnetic resonance study\u2020. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2016, 22:38-46. 10.1093\/icvts\/ivv286","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.12.050","article-title":"The correction index: setting the standard for recommending operative repair of pectus excavatum","volume":"97","author":"Poston PM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Poston PM, Patel SS, Rajput M, Rossi NO, Ghanamah MS, Davis JE, Turek JW. The correction index: setting the standard for recommending operative repair of pectus excavatum. Ann Thorac Surg. 2014, 97:1176-80. 10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.12.050","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2018.05.003","article-title":"Outcomes, quality of life, and long-term results after pectus repair from around the globe","volume":"27","author":"Kelly RE Jr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kelly RE Jr, Daniel A. Outcomes, quality of life, and long-term results after pectus repair from around the globe. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2018, 27:170-4. 10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2018.05.003","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/465485-reassessing-the-application-of-the-haller-index-as-a-surgical-indicator-for-pectus-excavatum","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T11:13:30Z","timestamp":1774523610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/465485-reassessing-the-application-of-the-haller-index-as-a-surgical-indicator-for-pectus-excavatum"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"references-count":18,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.105884","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]}}}