{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T10:09:54Z","timestamp":1774778994961,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.106044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T04:11:47Z","timestamp":1774757507000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of Renal Potassium Loss and Anion Gap Patterns in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Study From South India"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Anjali","family":"Jayakumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teny","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sibin  K","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes. (2016). Accessed. June 15, 2025: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241565257."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.06.002","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical profile, precipitants and prognostic factors of diabetic ketoacidosis: a retrospective study from a tertiary care center of north India","volume":"13","author":"Singh H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh H, Saroch A, Pannu AK, Sachin HJ, Sharma N, Dutta P. Clinical and biochemical profile, precipitants and prognostic factors of diabetic ketoacidosis: a retrospective study from a tertiary care center of north India. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019, 13:2357-60. 10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.06.002","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-9916","article-title":"Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association","volume":"29","author":"Kitabchi AE","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Murphy MB, Kreisberg RA. Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2006, 29:2739-48. 10.2337\/dc06-9916","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S50516","article-title":"Management of adult diabetic ketoacidosis","volume":"7","author":"Gosmanov AR","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gosmanov AR, Gosmanova EO, Dillard-Cannon E. Management of adult diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2014, 7:255-64. 10.2147\/DMSO.S50516","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/ppij.2017.05.00120","article-title":"Evaluation of factors leading to anion gap re-opening in adults with diabetic ketoacidosis","volume":"5","author":"Adams KK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adams KK, Doad G, Rouse GE. Evaluation of factors leading to anion gap re-opening in adults with diabetic ketoacidosis. Pharm Pharmacol Int J. 2017, 5:90-4. 10.15406\/ppij.2017.05.00120","journal-title":"Pharm Pharmacol Int J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.4.381","article-title":"Serum beta-hydroxybutyrate measurement in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus","volume":"159","author":"Fulop M","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fulop M, Murthy V, Michilli A, Nalamati J, Qian Q, Saitowitz A. Serum beta-hydroxybutyrate measurement in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 1999, 159:381-4. 10.1001\/archinte.159.4.381","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci24-0032","article-title":"Hyperglycemic crises in adults with diabetes: a consensus report","volume":"47","author":"Umpierrez GE","year":"2024","unstructured":"Umpierrez GE, Davis GM, ElSayed NA, et al.. Hyperglycemic crises in adults with diabetes: a consensus report. Diabetes Care. 2024, 47:1257-75. 10.2337\/dci24-0032","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Adult Diabetic Ketoacidosis","author":"Lizzo JM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lizzo JM, Goyal A, Gupta V. Adult Diabetic Ketoacidosis. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, FL; 2025."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26717\/BJSTR.2022.44.007105","article-title":"Diabetic ketoacidosis: precipitating factors, pathophysiology, and management","volume":"4","author":"Gudisa B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gudisa B. Diabetic ketoacidosis: precipitating factors, pathophysiology, and management. Biomed J Sci Tech Res. 2022, 4:35843-8. 10.26717\/BJSTR.2022.44.007105","journal-title":"Biomed J Sci Tech Res"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis and the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state","volume":"168","author":"Chiasson JL","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chiasson JL, Aris-Jilwan N, B\u00e9langer R, et al.. Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis and the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. CMAJ. 2003, 168:859-66.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12246","article-title":"Profound hypokalemia associated with severe diabetic ketoacidosis","volume":"17","author":"Davis SM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Davis SM, Maddux AB, Alonso GT, Okada CR, Mourani PM, Maahs DM. Profound hypokalemia associated with severe diabetic ketoacidosis. Pediatr Diabetes. 2016, 17:61-5. 10.1111\/pedi.12246","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1683","article-title":"Can serum beta-hydroxybutyrate be used to diagnose diabetic ketoacidosis?","volume":"31","author":"Sheikh-Ali M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sheikh-Ali M, Karon BS, Basu A, et al.. Can serum beta-hydroxybutyrate be used to diagnose diabetic ketoacidosis?. Diabetes Care. 2008, 31:643-7. 10.2337\/dc07-1683","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3806","article-title":"Circulating anions usually associated with the Krebs cycle in patients with metabolic acidosis","volume":"9","author":"Forni LG","year":"2005","unstructured":"Forni LG, McKinnon W, Lord GA, Treacher DF, Peron JM, Hilton PJ. Circulating anions usually associated with the Krebs cycle in patients with metabolic acidosis. Crit Care. 2005, 9:R591-5. 10.1186\/cc3806","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03020906","article-title":"Serum anion gap: its uses and limitations in clinical medicine","volume":"2","author":"Kraut JA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kraut JA, Madias NE. Serum anion gap: its uses and limitations in clinical medicine. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007, 2:162-74. 10.2215\/CJN.03020906","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.7.1619","article-title":"D-lactate in human and ruminant metabolism","volume":"135","author":"Ewaschuk JB","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ewaschuk JB, Naylor JM, Zello GA. D-lactate in human and ruminant metabolism. J Nutr. 2005, 135:1619-25. 10.1093\/jn\/135.7.1619","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2003.08.002","article-title":"Increased formation of methylglyoxal and protein glycation, oxidation and nitrosation in triosephosphate isomerase deficiency","volume":"1639","author":"Ahmed N","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ahmed N, Battah S, Karachalias N, et al.. Increased formation of methylglyoxal and protein glycation, oxidation and nitrosation in triosephosphate isomerase deficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003, 1639:121-32. 10.1016\/j.bbadis.2003.08.002","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1333.025","article-title":"Ketosis leads to increased methylglyoxal production on the Atkins diet","volume":"1043","author":"Beisswenger BG","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beisswenger BG, Delucia EM, Lapoint N, Sanford RJ, Beisswenger PJ. Ketosis leads to increased methylglyoxal production on the Atkins diet. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005, 1043:201-10. 10.1196\/annals.1333.025","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2008.06.011","article-title":"Analytical investigation: assay of D-lactate in diabetic plasma and urine","volume":"41","author":"Talasniemi JP","year":"2008","unstructured":"Talasniemi JP, Pennanen S, Savolainen H, Niskanen L, Liesivuori J. Analytical investigation: assay of D-lactate in diabetic plasma and urine. Clin Biochem. 2008, 41:1099-103. 10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2008.06.011","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.71.834.211","article-title":"Fractional excretion of potassium in normal subjects and in patients with hypokalaemia","volume":"71","author":"Elisaf M","year":"1995","unstructured":"Elisaf M, Siamopoulos KC. Fractional excretion of potassium in normal subjects and in patients with hypokalaemia. Postgrad Med J. 1995, 71:211-2. 10.1136\/pgmj.71.834.211","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Hyperglycemic crises: diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state","author":"Gosmanov AR","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gosmanov AR, Gosmanova EO, Kitabchi AE. Hyperglycemic crises: diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Endotext. Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al. (ed): MDText.com, Inc., South Dartmouth, MA; 2000."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59556\/japi.72.0410","article-title":"Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"72","author":"Kumar SR","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar SR, Kumar KG, Gayathri R. Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Assoc Physicians India. 2024, 72:25-8. 10.59556\/japi.72.0410","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.02.341","article-title":"Approach to patients with high anion gap metabolic acidosis: core curriculum 2021","volume":"78","author":"Fenves AZ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fenves AZ, Emmett M. Approach to patients with high anion gap metabolic acidosis: core curriculum 2021. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021, 78:590-600. 10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.02.341","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-9032","article-title":"Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Kitabchi AE","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN. Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009, 32:1335-43. 10.2337\/dc09-9032","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.12.007","article-title":"The evolution of diabetic ketoacidosis: an update of its etiology, pathogenesis and management","volume":"65","author":"Nyenwe EA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nyenwe EA, Kitabchi AE. The evolution of diabetic ketoacidosis: an update of its etiology, pathogenesis and management. Metabolism. 2016, 65:507-21. 10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.12.007","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0165-1","article-title":"Diabetic ketoacidosis","volume":"6","author":"Dhatariya KK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dhatariya KK, Glaser NS, Codner E, Umpierrez GE. Diabetic ketoacidosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020, 6:40. 10.1038\/s41572-020-0165-1","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2019\/38487.12573","article-title":"Electrolyte disturbances among diabetic patients admitted in a multi-specialty hospital in Southern India","volume":"13","author":"Karuppan A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karuppan A, Sahay MI, Ravindranathan R, et al.. Electrolyte disturbances among diabetic patients admitted in a multi-specialty hospital in Southern India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2019, 13:10.7860\/JCDR\/2019\/38487.12573","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000453028","article-title":"Disorders of acid-base balance: new perspectives","volume":"2","author":"Seifter JL","year":"2017","unstructured":"Seifter JL, Chang HY. Disorders of acid-base balance: new perspectives. Kidney Dis (Basel). 2017, 2:170-86. 10.1159\/000453028","journal-title":"Kidney Dis (Basel)"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0517","article-title":"Determinants of hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"176","author":"Kurstjens S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kurstjens S, de Baaij JH, Bouras H, Bindels RJ, Tack CJ, Hoenderop JG. Determinants of hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017, 176:11-9. 10.1530\/EJE-16-0517","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58030431","article-title":"Hypokalemia in diabetes mellitus setting","volume":"58","author":"Coregliano-Ring L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coregliano-Ring L, Goia-Nishide K, Rangel \u00c9B. Hypokalemia in diabetes mellitus setting. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022, 58:431. 10.3390\/medicina58030431","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2019705","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of potassium replacement in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"39","author":"Hammond DA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hammond DA, King J, Kathe N, Erbach K, Stojakovic J, Tran J, Clem OA. Effectiveness and safety of potassium replacement in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study. Crit Care Nurse. 2019, 39:e13-8. 10.4037\/ccn2019705","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurse"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/406100-investigation-of-renal-potassium-loss-and-anion-gap-patterns-in-diabetic-ketoacidosis-a-study-from-south-india","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T04:11:49Z","timestamp":1774757509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/406100-investigation-of-renal-potassium-loss-and-anion-gap-patterns-in-diabetic-ketoacidosis-a-study-from-south-india"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.106044","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]}}}