{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T09:48:06Z","timestamp":1774864086918,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.106103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T08:48:16Z","timestamp":1774860496000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Prospective Study of Clinical Presentation, Radiological Findings, and Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis at a Single Center"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Jyotsna","family":"Oak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mandar","family":"Nandkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bijal","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shefali","family":"Sardar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/58.6.642","article-title":"Granulomatous mastitis: a lesion clinically simulating carcinoma","volume":"58","author":"Kessler E","year":"1972","unstructured":"Kessler E, Wolloch Y. Granulomatous mastitis: a lesion clinically simulating carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 1972, 58:642-6. 10.1093\/ajcp\/58.6.642","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v2.i12.852","article-title":"Aetiology of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis","volume":"2","author":"Altintoprak F","year":"2014","unstructured":"Altintoprak F, Kivilcim T, Ozkan OV. Aetiology of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. World J Clin Cases. 2014, 2:852-8. 10.12998\/wjcc.v2.i12.852","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-007-9116-1","article-title":"Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a heterogeneous disease with variable clinical presentation","volume":"31","author":"Baslaim MM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baslaim MM, Khayat HA, Al-Amoudi SA. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a heterogeneous disease with variable clinical presentation. World J Surg. 2007, 31:1677-81. 10.1007\/s00268-007-9116-1","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis mimicking breast cancer: report of two cases","volume":"104","author":"Limaiem F","year":"2012","unstructured":"Limaiem F, Korbi S, Tlili T, et al.. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis mimicking breast cancer: report of two cases. Pathologica. 2012, 104:105-8.","journal-title":"Pathologica"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-015-1272-1","article-title":"Breast tuberculosis","volume":"77","author":"Thimmappa D","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thimmappa D, Mallikarjuna MN, Vijayakumar A. Breast tuberculosis. Indian J Surg. 2015, 77:1378-84. 10.1007\/s12262-015-1272-1","journal-title":"Indian J Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JLP.JLP_26_17","article-title":"Diagnostic challenges of tubercular lesions of breast","volume":"10","author":"Jairajpuri ZS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jairajpuri ZS, Jetley S, Rana S, Khetrapal S, Khan S, Hassan MJ. Diagnostic challenges of tubercular lesions of breast. J Lab Physicians. 2018, 10:179-84. 10.4103\/JLP.JLP_26_17","journal-title":"J Lab Physicians"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.13446","article-title":"Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a systematic review of 3060 patients","volume":"25","author":"Martinez-Ramos D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martinez-Ramos D, Simon-Monterde L, Suelves-Piqueres C, et al.. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a systematic review of 3060 patients. Breast J. 2019, 25:1245-50. 10.1111\/tbj.13446","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-021-02234-4","article-title":"Corticosteroids in idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Godazandeh G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Godazandeh G, Shojaee L, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Hessami A. Corticosteroids in idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Today. 2021, 51:1897-905. 10.1007\/s00595-021-02234-4","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4741.2011.01162.x","article-title":"Methotrexate in the management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: review of 108 published cases and report of four cases","volume":"17","author":"Akbulut S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Akbulut S, Yilmaz D, Bakir S. Methotrexate in the management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: review of 108 published cases and report of four cases. Breast J. 2011, 17:661-8. 10.1111\/j.1524-4741.2011.01162.x","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.181205","article-title":"Methotrexate in the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis","volume":"47","author":"Postolova A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Postolova A, Troxell ML, Wapnir IL, Genovese MC. Methotrexate in the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. J Rheumatol. 2020, 47:924-7. 10.3899\/jrheum.181205","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/6693720","article-title":"Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis","volume":"2024","author":"Dilaveri C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dilaveri C, Degnim A, Lee C, DeSimone D, Moldoveanu D, Ghosh K. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Breast J. 2024, 2024:6693720. 10.1155\/2024\/6693720","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4824319","article-title":"Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) breast composition descriptors: automated measurement development for full field digital mammography","volume":"40","author":"Fowler EE","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fowler EE, Sellers TA, Lu B, Heine JJ. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) breast composition descriptors: automated measurement development for full field digital mammography. Med Phys. 2013, 40:113502. 10.1118\/1.4824319","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2018170095","article-title":"Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: manifestations at multimodality imaging and pitfalls","volume":"38","author":"Pluguez-Turull CW","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pluguez-Turull CW, Nanyes JE, Quintero CJ, Alizai H, Mais DD, Kist KA, Dornbluth NC. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: manifestations at multimodality imaging and pitfalls. Radiographics. 2018, 38:330-56. 10.1148\/rg.2018170095","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2015-0038","article-title":"Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: presentation, investigation and management","volume":"12","author":"Benson JR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benson JR, Dumitru D. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: presentation, investigation and management. Future Oncol. 2016, 12:1381-94. 10.2217\/fon-2015-0038","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.102792","article-title":"Assertive clinical practice in managing patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: Review of literature","volume":"70","author":"Alsaleh N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alsaleh N. Assertive clinical practice in managing patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: Review of literature. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021, 70:102792. 10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.102792","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.13822","article-title":"Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: management and predictors of recurrence in 474 patients","volume":"26","author":"Azizi A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Azizi A, Prasath V, Canner J, et al.. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: management and predictors of recurrence in 474 patients. Breast J. 2020, 26:1358-62. 10.1111\/tbj.13822","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2016-204287","article-title":"Steroids administered after vacuum-assisted biopsy in the management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis","volume":"70","author":"Deng JQ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deng JQ, Yu L, Yang Y, et al.. Steroids administered after vacuum-assisted biopsy in the management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. J Clin Pathol. 2017, 70:827-31. 10.1136\/jclinpath-2016-204287","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2007.07.041","article-title":"Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a 25-year experience","volume":"206","author":"Al-Khaffaf B","year":"2008","unstructured":"Al-Khaffaf B, Knox F, Bundred NJ. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a 25-year experience. J Am Coll Surg. 2008, 206:269-73. 10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2007.07.041","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0033-8389(01)00017-3","article-title":"Breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS)","volume":"40","author":"Liberman L","year":"2002","unstructured":"Liberman L, Menell JH. Breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS). Radiologic Clinics. 2002, 40:409-30. 10.1016\/s0033-8389(01)00017-3","journal-title":"Radiologic Clinics"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. A report of three cases and review of the literature","volume":"118","author":"Donn W","year":"1994","unstructured":"Donn W, Rebbeck P, Wilson C, Gilks CB. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. A report of three cases and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1994, 118:822-5.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2017.07.002","article-title":"Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge","volume":"214","author":"Freeman CM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Freeman CM, Xia BT, Wilson GC, et al.. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Am J Surg. 2017, 214:701-6. 10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2017.07.002","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11152\/mu.2013.2066.171.rfm","article-title":"Radiologic findings of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis","volume":"17","author":"Yildiz S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yildiz S, Aralasmak A, Kadioglu H, Toprak H, Yetis H, Gucin Z, Kocakoc E. Radiologic findings of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Med Ultrason. 2015, 17:39-44. 10.11152\/mu.2013.2066.171.rfm","journal-title":"Med Ultrason"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-018-4870-3","article-title":"Granulomatous mastitis: etiology, imaging, pathology, treatment, and clinical findings","volume":"171","author":"Barreto DS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barreto DS, Sedgwick EL, Nagi CS, Benveniste AP. Granulomatous mastitis: etiology, imaging, pathology, treatment, and clinical findings. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018, 171:527-34. 10.1007\/s10549-018-4870-3","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System","author":"Magny SJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Magny SJ, Shikhman R, Keppke AL. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, USA; 2023."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2019-206180","article-title":"Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis: an update","volume":"73","author":"Wu JM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu JM, Turashvili G. Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis: an update. J Clin Pathol. 2020, 73:445-53. 10.1136\/jclinpath-2019-206180","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Breast tuberculosis: diagnosis, clinical features & management","volume":"122","author":"Tewari M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tewari M, Shukla HS. Breast tuberculosis: diagnosis, clinical features & management. Indian J Med Res. 2005, 122:103-10.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-010-1825-2","article-title":"Is methotrexate an acceptable treatment in the management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis?","volume":"284","author":"Akbulut S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Akbulut S, Arikanoglu Z, Senol A, Sogutcu N, Basbug M, Yeniaras E, Yagmur Y. Is methotrexate an acceptable treatment in the management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis?. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011, 284:1189-95. 10.1007\/s00404-010-1825-2","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000513879","article-title":"Low-dose methotrexate use in idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: an alternative treatment method","volume":"16","author":"Kafadar MT","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kafadar MT, Bahad\u0131r MV, Girgin S. Low-dose methotrexate use in idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: an alternative treatment method. Breast Care (Basel). 2021, 16:402-7. 10.1159\/000513879","journal-title":"Breast Care (Basel)"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1295759","article-title":"Immune pathogenesis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: from etiology toward therapeutic approaches","volume":"15","author":"Wang X","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang X, He X, Liu J, Zhang H, Wan H, Luo J, Yang J. Immune pathogenesis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: from etiology toward therapeutic approaches. Front Immunol. 2024, 15:1295759. 10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1295759","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/464938-a-prospective-study-of-clinical-presentation-radiological-findings-and-treatment-outcomes-in-patients-with-idiopathic-granulomatous-mastitis-at-a-single-center","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T08:48:17Z","timestamp":1774860497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/464938-a-prospective-study-of-clinical-presentation-radiological-findings-and-treatment-outcomes-in-patients-with-idiopathic-granulomatous-mastitis-at-a-single-center"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.106103","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]}}}