{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T12:10:47Z","timestamp":1774959047750,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.106182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T11:30:06Z","timestamp":1774956606000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Out-of-Pocket Expenditure and Catastrophic Health Spending Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Rural Tamil Nadu: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ganapathy","family":"Narayana Arul M","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meriton","family":"Stanly A","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 2019-21: India Report","author":"James K","year":"2022","unstructured":"James K, Singh SK, Lhungdim H, Shekhar C, Dwivedi LK, Pedgaonkar S, Arnold F. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 2019-21: India Report. IIPS, Mumbai; 2022."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/WHO-SEAJPH.WHO-SEAJPH_20_21","article-title":"Economic burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus management: epidemiological determinants from a coastal community of Southern India","volume":"10","author":"Eshwari K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eshwari K, Kamath VG, Rao CR, Kamath A. Economic burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus management: epidemiological determinants from a coastal community of Southern India. WHO South East Asia J Public Health. 2021, 10:84-9. 10.4103\/WHO-SEAJPH.WHO-SEAJPH_20_21","journal-title":"WHO South East Asia J Public Health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/picr.PICR_169_18","article-title":"The determinants of out-of-pocket health-care expenses for diabetes mellitus patients in India: an examination of a tertiary care government hospital in Delhi","volume":"11","author":"Basu S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Basu S, Garg S, Sharma N, Singh MM, Garg S, Asaria M. The determinants of out-of-pocket health-care expenses for diabetes mellitus patients in India: an examination of a tertiary care government hospital in Delhi. Perspect Clin Res. 2020, 11:86-91. 10.4103\/picr.PICR_169_18","journal-title":"Perspect Clin Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001701","article-title":"Financial risk protection and universal health coverage: evidence and measurement challenges","volume":"11","author":"Saksena P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saksena P, Hsu J, Evans DB. Financial risk protection and universal health coverage: evidence and measurement challenges. PLoS Med. 2014, 11:e1001701. 10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001701","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_24_18","article-title":"Out-of-pocket expenditure and drug adherence of patients with diabetes in Odisha","volume":"7","author":"Swain SP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Swain SP, Samal S, Sahu KS, Rout SK. Out-of-pocket expenditure and drug adherence of patients with diabetes in Odisha. J Family Med Prim Care. 2018, 7:1229-35. 10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_24_18","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.17.191759","article-title":"Trends in catastrophic health expenditure in India: 1993 to 2014","volume":"96","author":"Pandey A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pandey A, Ploubidis GB, Clarke L, Dandona L. Trends in catastrophic health expenditure in India: 1993 to 2014. Bull World Health Organ. 2018, 96:18-28. 10.2471\/BLT.17.191759","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33545\/comed.2019.v2.i2b.18","article-title":"Out-of-pocket expenditure on diabetes care in an urban population of Tamil Nadu: a community based study","volume":"2","author":"Pushparani J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pushparani J, Dharmalingam G. Out-of-pocket expenditure on diabetes care in an urban population of Tamil Nadu: a community based study.  Int J Adv Community Med. 2019, 2:125-30. 10.33545\/comed.2019.v2.i2b.18","journal-title":"Int J Adv Community Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1305_21","article-title":"Health care utilization and out-of-pocket expenditure of type 2 diabetic patients: a study in primary care in Bhubaneswar, India","volume":"11","author":"Pati S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pati S, Swain S, van den Akker M, Schellevis FG, Pati S, Burgers JS. Health care utilization and out-of-pocket expenditure of type 2 diabetic patients: a study in primary care in Bhubaneswar, India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022, 11:6714-25. 10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1305_21","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"A community-based survey of catastrophic health expenditure in patients with type II diabetes mellitus in a developing country","volume":"7","author":"Nazir S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nazir S, Mir AR, Rashid A. A community-based survey of catastrophic health expenditure in patients with type II diabetes mellitus in a developing country. Eur J Pharm Med Res. 2020, 7:681-4.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Med Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.10040","article-title":"Components of out-of-pocket expenditure and their relative contribution to economic burden of diseases in India","volume":"5","author":"Ambade M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ambade M, Sarwal R, Mor N, Kim R, Subramanian SV. Components of out-of-pocket expenditure and their relative contribution to economic burden of diseases in India. JAMA Netw Open. 2022, 5:e2210040. 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.10040","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21101287","article-title":"\"Private Hospitals Generally Offer Better Treatment and Facilities\": out-of-pocket expenditure on healthcare and the preference for private healthcare providers in South India","volume":"21","author":"Kamath S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kamath S, Poojary M, Shetty H, et al.. \"Private Hospitals Generally Offer Better Treatment and Facilities\": out-of-pocket expenditure on healthcare and the preference for private healthcare providers in South India. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024, 21:1287. 10.3390\/ijerph21101287","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2374373519898919","article-title":"Patient's experiences and satisfaction in diabetes care and out-of-pocket expenditure for follow-up care among diabetes patients in urban Puducherry, South India","volume":"7","author":"Priya TK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Priya TK, Jayaseelan V, Krishnamoorthy Y, Sakthivel M, Majella MG. Patient's experiences and satisfaction in diabetes care and out-of-pocket expenditure for follow-up care among diabetes patients in urban Puducherry, South India. J Patient Exp. 2020, 7:1445-9. 10.1177\/2374373519898919","journal-title":"J Patient Exp"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hcs2.65","article-title":"Financial burden of seeking diabetes mellitus care in India: evidence from a nationally representative sample survey","volume":"2","author":"Nanda M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nanda M, Sharma R. Financial burden of seeking diabetes mellitus care in India: evidence from a nationally representative sample survey. Health Care Sci. 2023, 2:291-305. 10.1002\/hcs2.65","journal-title":"Health Care Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15167\/2421-4248\/jpmh2020.61.1.1191","article-title":"Prevalence of catastrophic health expenditure and its associated factors, due to out-of-pocket health care expenses among households with and without chronic illness in Bangalore, India: a longitudinal study","volume":"61","author":"Swetha NB","year":"2020","unstructured":"Swetha NB, Shobha S, Sriram S. Prevalence of catastrophic health expenditure and its associated factors, due to out-of-pocket health care expenses among households with and without chronic illness in Bangalore, India: a longitudinal study. J Prev Med Hyg. 2020, 61:E92-7. 10.15167\/2421-4248\/jpmh2020.61.1.1191","journal-title":"J Prev Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2014-204960","article-title":"Health service use, out-of-pocket payments and catastrophic health expenditure among older people in India: the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE)","volume":"69","author":"Brinda EM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brinda EM, Kowal P, Attermann J, Enemark U. Health service use, out-of-pocket payments and catastrophic health expenditure among older people in India: the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE). J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015, 69:489-94. 10.1136\/jech-2014-204960","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20171585","article-title":"Economic burden of diabetes mellitus and its socio-economic impact on household expenditure in an urban slum area","volume":"5","author":"Fernandes SD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fernandes SD, Fernandes SD. Economic burden of diabetes mellitus and its socio-economic impact on household expenditure in an urban slum area. Int J Res Med Sci. 2017, 5:1808-13. 10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20171585","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/477706-out-of-pocket-expenditure-and-catastrophic-health-spending-among-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-in-rural-tamil-nadu-a-cross-sectional-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T11:30:07Z","timestamp":1774956607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/477706-out-of-pocket-expenditure-and-catastrophic-health-spending-among-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-in-rural-tamil-nadu-a-cross-sectional-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"references-count":16,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.106182","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]}}}