{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T18:56:30Z","timestamp":1775501790615,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.106537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T17:52:24Z","timestamp":1775497944000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Outcomes and Treatment Disparities in Non-obstetric Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection in the United States: A 2022 National Inpatient Sample Analysis"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Teddy A","family":"Teddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edidiong","family":"Okon-Ben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spencer","family":"Cadet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdelwahab A","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Marzoung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Bowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000564","article-title":"Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: current state of the science: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"137","author":"Hayes SN","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hayes SN, Kim ESH, Saw J, et al.. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: current state of the science: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018, 137:e523-57. 10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000564","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.06.053","article-title":"Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: clinical outcomes and risk of recurrence","volume":"70","author":"Saw J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saw J, Humphries K, Aymong E, Sedlak T, Prakash R, Starovoytov A, Mancini GB. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: clinical outcomes and risk of recurrence. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017, 70:1148-58. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.06.053","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.105718","article-title":"Clinical features, management, and prognosis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection","volume":"126","author":"Tweet MS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tweet MS, Hayes SN, Pitta SR, et al.. Clinical features, management, and prognosis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Circulation. 2012, 126:579-88. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.105718","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15420\/ecr.2019.01","article-title":"Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: mechanisms, diagnosis and management","volume":"15","author":"Garcia-Guimar\u00e3es M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garcia-Guimar\u00e3es M, Bastante T, Antu\u00f1a P, et al.. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: mechanisms, diagnosis and management. Eur Cardiol. 2020, 15:1-8. 10.15420\/ecr.2019.01","journal-title":"Eur Cardiol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2012.06.014","article-title":"Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: long-term follow-up of a large series of patients prospectively managed with a \"conservative\" therapeutic strategy","volume":"5","author":"Alfonso F","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alfonso F, Paulo M, Lennie V, et al.. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: long-term follow-up of a large series of patients prospectively managed with a \"conservative\" therapeutic strategy. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2012, 5:1062-70. 10.1016\/j.jcin.2012.06.014","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.05.034","article-title":"Contemporary review on spontaneous coronary artery dissection","volume":"68","author":"Saw J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saw J, Mancini GBJ, Humphries KH. Contemporary review on spontaneous coronary artery dissection. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016, 68:297-312. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.05.034","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2017.05.008","article-title":"Revascularization methods in spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A focused review","volume":"18","author":"Lee R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee R, Ben-Dor I. Revascularization methods in spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A focused review. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2017, 18:544-8. 10.1016\/j.carrev.2017.05.008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Revasc Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2023.05.044","article-title":"Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection vs coronary artery disease","volume":"16","author":"Alfonso F","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alfonso F, Fern\u00e1ndez-P\u00e9rez C, Del Prado N, et al.. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection vs coronary artery disease. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2023, 16:1860-9. 10.1016\/j.jcin.2023.05.044","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. HCUP Statistical Briefs Chronological. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). (2026). Accessed. April 1, 2026: https:\/\/hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/reports\/statbriefs\/statbriefs.jsp."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1673352","article-title":"Clinical research using the National Inpatient Sample: a brief review of colorectal studies utilizing the NIS database","volume":"32","author":"Kelley KA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kelley KA, Tsikitis VL. Clinical research using the National Inpatient Sample: a brief review of colorectal studies utilizing the NIS database. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2019, 32:33-40. 10.1055\/s-0038-1673352","journal-title":"Clin Colon Rectal Surg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09517-4","article-title":"Elixhauser comorbidity method in predicting death of Spanish inpatients with asplenia and pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"24","author":"Gea-Izquierdo E","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gea-Izquierdo E, Ruiz-Urbaez R, Hern\u00e1ndez-Barrera V, Stich M, Gil-de-Miguel \u00c1. Elixhauser comorbidity method in predicting death of Spanish inpatients with asplenia and pneumococcal pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis. 2024, 24:607. 10.1186\/s12879-024-09517-4","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm2512448","article-title":"Spontaneous coronary dissection review: a complex picture","volume":"25","author":"Bollati M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bollati M, Ercolano V, Mazzarotto P. Spontaneous coronary dissection review: a complex picture. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2024, 25:448. 10.31083\/j.rcm2512448","journal-title":"Rev Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X251388976","article-title":"Images in vascular medicine: coronary aneurysm and thrombosis as a late sequela of spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD)","volume":"30","author":"Khalid MU","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khalid MU, Bukhari S, Akintoye E, McCarthy M, Popovi\u0107 Z, Tong MZ, Chaudhury P. Images in vascular medicine: coronary aneurysm and thrombosis as a late sequela of spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD). Vasc Med. 2025, 30:742-3. 10.1177\/1358863X251388976","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2017.12.004","article-title":"Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD): the underdiagnosed cardiac condition that plagues women","volume":"28","author":"Lebrun S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lebrun S, Bond RM. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD): the underdiagnosed cardiac condition that plagues women. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2018, 28:340-5. 10.1016\/j.tcm.2017.12.004","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000002454","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of spontaneous coronary artery dissection: two cases and a review of the literature","volume":"86","author":"Ahmad A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmad A, Arshad K, Ali F, Latif R, Mozaffari MA, Khan MW. Diagnosis and management of spontaneous coronary artery dissection: two cases and a review of the literature. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2024, 86:6159-63. 10.1097\/MS9.0000000000002454","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.71647","article-title":"Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in a patient with a single coronary artery","volume":"16","author":"Al-Shammari A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Shammari A, Danial Azmy Habib S, Gad FR. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in a patient with a single coronary artery. Cureus. 2024, 16:e71647. 10.7759\/cureus.71647","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.47645","article-title":"Case report on spontaneous coronary artery dissection: a rare culprit of chest pain","volume":"15","author":"Khudair AD","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khudair AD, Al-Rawahia TH, Marshall RA, Khudair AD, Narayana C, Sulaibeekh L. Case report on spontaneous coronary artery dissection: a rare culprit of chest pain. Cureus. 2023, 15:e47645. 10.7759\/cureus.47645","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2020.06.028","article-title":"Women with spontaneous coronary artery dissection are at increased risk of iatrogenic coronary artery dissection","volume":"30","author":"Fahey JK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fahey JK, Chew A, Ihdayhid AR, Rashid HN, Zaman S, Nicholls SJ, White AJ. Women with spontaneous coronary artery dissection are at increased risk of iatrogenic coronary artery dissection. Heart Lung Circ. 2021, 30:e23-8. 10.1016\/j.hlc.2020.06.028","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43044-024-00585-0","article-title":"In-hospital and long-term clinical outcomes of spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD): a meta-analysis of conservative versus revascularization approaches","volume":"76","author":"Pitliya A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pitliya A, Pitliya A, Vasudevan SS, et al.. In-hospital and long-term clinical outcomes of spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD): a meta-analysis of conservative versus revascularization approaches. Egypt Heart J. 2024, 76:153. 10.1186\/s43044-024-00585-0","journal-title":"Egypt Heart J"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12196198","article-title":"Diagnostic puzzles and cause-targeted treatment strategies in myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries: an updated review","volume":"12","author":"Samaras A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Samaras A, Moysidis DV, Papazoglou AS, et al.. Diagnostic puzzles and cause-targeted treatment strategies in myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries: an updated review. J Clin Med. 2023, 12:6198. 10.3390\/jcm12196198","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010154","article-title":"Multimodality imaging approach to spontaneous coronary artery dissection","volume":"12","author":"Marrazzo G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marrazzo G, Palermi S, Pastore F, et al.. Multimodality imaging approach to spontaneous coronary artery dissection. J Clin Med. 2023, 12:154. 10.3390\/jcm12010154","journal-title":"J Clin Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/479488-outcomes-and-treatment-disparities-in-non-obstetric-spontaneous-coronary-artery-dissection-in-the-united-states-a-2022-national-inpatient-sample-analysis","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T17:52:25Z","timestamp":1775497945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/479488-outcomes-and-treatment-disparities-in-non-obstetric-spontaneous-coronary-artery-dissection-in-the-united-states-a-2022-national-inpatient-sample-analysis"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.106537","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]}}}