{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T07:57:34Z","timestamp":1775721454890,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.106693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T07:17:38Z","timestamp":1775719058000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Personalized Medicine Interventions for Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Hadeil Elfadil Ahmed","family":"Abdelgader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shimaa Ali Hassan","family":"Hamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamza Abubaker Abdin","family":"Sidahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed-Lamin","family":"Gehani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulwahhab","family":"Al-Shaikhli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amani Edris Uthman","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiba Merghani Abdalkareem","family":"Hajali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elkhansaa  A","family":"Elsamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asim","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1386","article-title":"Computer-based interventions to improve self-management in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Pal K","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pal K, Eastwood SV, Michie S, et al.. Computer-based interventions to improve self-management in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2014, 37:1759-66. 10.2337\/dc13-1386","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/55757","article-title":"Digital interventions for self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Kerr D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kerr D, Ahn D, Waki K, Wang J, Breznen B, Klonoff DC. Digital interventions for self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2024, 26:e55757. 10.2196\/55757","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/23244","article-title":"Clinical improvements by telemedicine interventions managing type 1 and type 2 diabetes: systematic meta-review","volume":"23","author":"Eberle C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eberle C, Stichling S. Clinical improvements by telemedicine interventions managing type 1 and type 2 diabetes: systematic meta-review. J Med Internet Res. 2021, 23:e23244. 10.2196\/23244","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2021.106370","article-title":"Digital interventions self-management education for type 1 and 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"210","author":"Nkhoma DE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nkhoma DE, Soko CJ, Bowrin P, et al.. Digital interventions self-management education for type 1 and 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2021, 210:106370. 10.1016\/j.cmpb.2021.106370","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003434","article-title":"Health system interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Flood D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Flood D, Hane J, Dunn M, et al.. Health system interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2020, 17:e1003434. 10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003434","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.994766","article-title":"The effectiveness of patient-centered care vs. usual care in type 2 diabetes self-management: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Asmat K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Asmat K, Dhamani K, Gul R, Froelicher ES. The effectiveness of patient-centered care vs. usual care in type 2 diabetes self-management: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health. 2022, 10:994766. 10.3389\/fpubh.2022.994766","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2016.22.5.493","article-title":"Pharmacist interventions in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"22","author":"Pousinho S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pousinho S, Morgado M, Falc\u00e3o A, Alves G. Pharmacist interventions in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2016, 22:493-515. 10.18553\/jmcp.2016.22.5.493","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150999","article-title":"Investigating sources of heterogeneity in randomized controlled trials of the effects of pharmacist interventions on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Aguiar PM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aguiar PM, Brito Gde C, Lima Tde M, Santos AP, Lyra DP Jr, Storpirtis S. Investigating sources of heterogeneity in randomized controlled trials of the effects of pharmacist interventions on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016, 11:e0150999. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0150999","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015135","article-title":"Improving risk factor management for patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of healthcare interventions in primary care and community settings","volume":"7","author":"Murphy ME","year":"2017","unstructured":"Murphy ME, Byrne M, Galvin R, Boland F, Fahey T, Smith SM. Improving risk factor management for patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of healthcare interventions in primary care and community settings. BMJ Open. 2017, 7:e015135. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015135","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2019.08.009","article-title":"The effectiveness of patient activation intervention on type 2 diabetes mellitus glycemic control and self-management behaviors: a systematic review of RCTs","volume":"14","author":"Almutairi N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Almutairi N, Hosseinzadeh H, Gopaldasani V. The effectiveness of patient activation intervention on type 2 diabetes mellitus glycemic control and self-management behaviors: a systematic review of RCTs. Prim Care Diabetes. 2020, 14:12-20. 10.1016\/j.pcd.2019.08.009","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681100500419","article-title":"Efficacy of continuous glucose monitoring in improving glycemic control and reducing hypoglycemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"5","author":"Gandhi GY","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gandhi GY, Kovalaske M, Kudva Y, et al.. Efficacy of continuous glucose monitoring in improving glycemic control and reducing hypoglycemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2011, 5:952-65. 10.1177\/193229681100500419","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2018.0177","article-title":"The effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Park C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park C, Le QA. The effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2018, 20:613-21. 10.1089\/dia.2018.0177","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2019.0345","article-title":"Systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating glycemic efficacy and patient satisfaction of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Cowart K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cowart K, Updike W, Bullers K. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating glycemic efficacy and patient satisfaction of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2020, 22:337-45. 10.1089\/dia.2019.0345","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7444","article-title":"Effect of continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"325","author":"Martens T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martens T, Beck RW, Bailey R, et al.. Effect of continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021, 325:2262-72. 10.1001\/jama.2021.7444","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne JA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, et al.. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019, 366:14898. 10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne JAC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Hern\u00e1n MA, Reeves BC, et al.. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016, 355:i4919. 10.1136\/bmj.i4919","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0657","article-title":"Effectiveness of targeted insulin-adherence interventions for glycemic control using predictive analytics among patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"2","author":"Lauffenburger JC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lauffenburger JC, Lewey J, Jan S, et al.. Effectiveness of targeted insulin-adherence interventions for glycemic control using predictive analytics among patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2019, 2:e190657. 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0657","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296821998724","article-title":"Effect of professional CGM (pCGM) on glucose management in type 2 diabetes patients in primary care","volume":"15","author":"Simonson GD","year":"2021","unstructured":"Simonson GD, Bergenstal RM, Johnson ML, Davidson JL, Martens TW. Effect of professional CGM (pCGM) on glucose management in type 2 diabetes patients in primary care. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2021, 15:539-45. 10.1177\/1932296821998724","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2019.06.014","article-title":"Improving empowerment, motivation, and medical adherence in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial of a patient-centered intervention","volume":"102","author":"Varming AR","year":"2019","unstructured":"Varming AR, Rasmussen LB, Husted GR, Olesen K, Gr\u00f8nnegaard C, Willaing I. Improving empowerment, motivation, and medical adherence in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial of a patient-centered intervention. Patient Educ Couns. 2019, 102:2238-45. 10.1016\/j.pec.2019.06.014","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/24687","article-title":"Improving management of type 2 diabetes using home-based telemonitoring: cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Milani R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Milani R, Chava P, Wilt J, Entwisle J, Karam S, Burton J, Blonde L. Improving management of type 2 diabetes using home-based telemonitoring: cohort study. JMIR Diabetes. 2021, 6:e24687. 10.2196\/24687","journal-title":"JMIR Diabetes"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22034-0","article-title":"The effectiveness, reproducibility, and durability of tailored mobile coaching on diabetes management in policyholders: a randomized, controlled, open-label study","volume":"8","author":"Lee DY","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee DY, Park J, Choi D, et al.. The effectiveness, reproducibility, and durability of tailored mobile coaching on diabetes management in policyholders: a randomized, controlled, open-label study. Sci Rep. 2018, 8:3642. 10.1038\/s41598-018-22034-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7833","article-title":"Effectiveness of digital medicines to improve clinical outcomes in patients with uncontrolled hypertension and type 2 diabetes: prospective, open-label, cluster-randomized pilot clinical trial","volume":"19","author":"Frias J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frias J, Virdi N, Raja P, Kim Y, Savage G, Osterberg L. Effectiveness of digital medicines to improve clinical outcomes in patients with uncontrolled hypertension and type 2 diabetes: prospective, open-label, cluster-randomized pilot clinical trial. J Med Internet Res. 2017, 19:e246. 10.2196\/jmir.7833","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02254-y","article-title":"Effects of personalized diets by prediction of glycemic responses on glycemic control and metabolic health in newly diagnosed T2DM: a randomized\u00a0dietary intervention pilot trial","volume":"20","author":"Rein M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rein M, Ben-Yacov O, Godneva A, et al.. Effects of personalized diets by prediction of glycemic responses on glycemic control and metabolic health in newly diagnosed T2DM: a randomized\u00a0dietary intervention pilot trial. BMC Med. 2022, 20:56. 10.1186\/s12916-022-02254-y","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0826","article-title":"Personalized diabetes management using electronic medical records","volume":"40","author":"Bertsimas D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bertsimas D, Kallus N, Weinstein AM, Zhuo YD. Personalized diabetes management using electronic medical records. Diabetes Care. 2017, 40:210-7. 10.2337\/dc16-0826","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112072","article-title":"Using continuous glucose monitoring to prescribe an exercise time: a randomised controlled trial in adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"222","author":"Chang CR","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chang CR, Roach LA, Russell BM, Francois ME. Using continuous glucose monitoring to prescribe an exercise time: a randomised controlled trial in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2025, 222:112072. 10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112072","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1865","article-title":"Stratified patient-centered care in type 2 diabetes: a cluster-randomized, controlled clinical trial of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness","volume":"36","author":"Slingerland AS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Slingerland AS, Herman WH, Redekop WK, Dijkstra RF, Jukema JW, Niessen LW. Stratified patient-centered care in type 2 diabetes: a cluster-randomized, controlled clinical trial of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Diabetes Care. 2013, 36:3054-61. 10.2337\/dc12-1865","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4274-z","article-title":"A randomized control trial of primary care-based management of type 2 diabetes by a pharmacist in Pakistan","volume":"19","author":"Javaid Z","year":"2019","unstructured":"Javaid Z, Imtiaz U, Khalid I, et al.. A randomized control trial of primary care-based management of type 2 diabetes by a pharmacist in Pakistan. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019, 19:409. 10.1186\/s12913-019-4274-z","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/18922","article-title":"Effectiveness of internet-based multicomponent interventions for patients and health care professionals to improve clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes evaluated through the INDICA study: multiarm cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Ramallo-Fari\u00f1a Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramallo-Fari\u00f1a Y, Garc\u00eda-Bello MA, Garc\u00eda-P\u00e9rez L, et al.. Effectiveness of internet-based multicomponent interventions for patients and health care professionals to improve clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes evaluated through the INDICA study: multiarm cluster randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020, 8:e18922. 10.2196\/18922","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/31184","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring with low-carbohydrate nutritional coaching to improve type 2 diabetes control: randomized quality improvement program","volume":"24","author":"Griauzde DH","year":"2022","unstructured":"Griauzde DH, Ling G, Wray D, et al.. Continuous glucose monitoring with low-carbohydrate nutritional coaching to improve type 2 diabetes control: randomized quality improvement program. J Med Internet Res. 2022, 24:e31184. 10.2196\/31184","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/37430","article-title":"Efficacy of personalized diabetes self-care using an electronic medical record-integrated mobile app in patients with type 2 diabetes: 6-month randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Lee EY","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee EY, Cha SA, Yun JS, et al.. Efficacy of personalized diabetes self-care using an electronic medical record-integrated mobile app in patients with type 2 diabetes: 6-month randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2022, 24:e37430. 10.2196\/37430","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.2947","article-title":"Effect of a comprehensive telehealth intervention vs telemonitoring and care coordination in patients with persistently poor type 2 diabetes control: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"182","author":"Crowley MJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Crowley MJ, Tarkington PE, Bosworth HB, et al.. Effect of a comprehensive telehealth intervention vs telemonitoring and care coordination in patients with persistently poor type 2 diabetes control: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2022, 182:943-52. 10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.2947","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/DK.a2023.0008","article-title":"Use of personal continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with support in people with type 1 and 2 diabetes treated with insulin in the outpatient clinic: a single-center retrospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Wong T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wong T. Use of personal continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with support in people with type 1 and 2 diabetes treated with insulin in the outpatient clinic: a single-center retrospective cohort study. Clin Diabetol. 2023, 12:95-104. 10.5603\/DK.a2023.0008","journal-title":"Clin Diabetol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2024.0579","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial using continuous glucose monitoring to guide food choices and diabetes self-care in people with type 2 diabetes not taking insulin","volume":"27","author":"Martens TW","year":"2025","unstructured":"Martens TW, Willis HJ, Bergenstal RM, Kruger DF, Karslioglu-French E, Steenkamp DW. A randomized controlled trial using continuous glucose monitoring to guide food choices and diabetes self-care in people with type 2 diabetes not taking insulin. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2025, 27:261-70. 10.1089\/dia.2024.0579","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-00983-y","article-title":"Efficacy of a pharmacist-managed diabetes clinic in high-risk diabetes patients, a randomized controlled trial - \u201cPharm-MD\u201d: impact of clinical pharmacists in diabetes care","volume":"22","author":"Halalau A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Halalau A, Sonmez M, Uddin A, Karabon P, Scherzer Z, Keeney S. Efficacy of a pharmacist-managed diabetes clinic in high-risk diabetes patients, a randomized controlled trial - \u201cPharm-MD\u201d: impact of clinical pharmacists in diabetes care. BMC Endocr Disord. 2022, 22:69. 10.1186\/s12902-022-00983-y","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-24-0576","article-title":"Effectiveness of internet-based management in newly diagnosed young adults with type 2 diabetes: a prospective comparative study","volume":"14","author":"Li Z","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li Z, Luo D, Li Z. Effectiveness of internet-based management in newly diagnosed young adults with type 2 diabetes: a prospective comparative study. Endocr Connect. 2025, 14:10.1530\/EC-24-0576","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.05.017","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of telemonitoring compared with standard of care in people with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin: a national multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"137","author":"Hangaard S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hangaard S, Kronborg T, Cohen SR, et al.. Effectiveness and safety of telemonitoring compared with standard of care in people with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin: a national multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur J Intern Med. 2025, 137:112-8. 10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.05.017","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/60758","article-title":"Efficacy of a digital educational intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: multicenter, randomized, prospective, 6-month follow-up study","volume":"27","author":"Caballero Mateos I","year":"2025","unstructured":"Caballero Mateos I, Morales Portillo C, Lainez L\u00f3pez M, Vilches-Arenas \u00c1. Efficacy of a digital educational intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: multicenter, randomized, prospective, 6-month follow-up study. J Med Internet Res. 2025, 27:e60758. 10.2196\/60758","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16223849","article-title":"A nutritional strategy based on multiple components for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"Bersch-Ferreira AC","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bersch-Ferreira AC, Machado RH, Oliveira JS, et al.. A nutritional strategy based on multiple components for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. Nutrients. 2024, 16:10.3390\/nu16223849","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681000400631","article-title":"Translation of personalized decision support into routine diabetes care","volume":"4","author":"Augstein P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Augstein P, Vogt L, Kohnert KD, Heinke P, Salzsieder E. Translation of personalized decision support into routine diabetes care. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010, 4:1532-9. 10.1177\/193229681000400631","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968251314501","article-title":"Effects of personalized DiaBetes TEXT messaging combined with peer support education on patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial","author":"Romadlon DS","year":"2025","unstructured":"Romadlon DS, Huang HC, Chen YC, et al.. Effects of personalized DiaBetes TEXT messaging combined with peer support education on patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2025, 19322968251314501. 10.1177\/19322968251314501","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.09.002","article-title":"Integrated personalized diabetes management improves glycemic control in patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: results of the PDM-ProValue study program","volume":"144","author":"Kulzer B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kulzer B, Daenschel W, Daenschel I, et al.. Integrated personalized diabetes management improves glycemic control in patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: results of the PDM-ProValue study program. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018, 144:200-12. 10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.09.002","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02120-7","article-title":"Patient stratification for determining optimal second-line and third-line therapy for type 2 diabetes: the TriMaster study","volume":"29","author":"Shields BM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shields BM, Dennis JM, Angwin CD, et al.. Patient stratification for determining optimal second-line and third-line therapy for type 2 diabetes: the TriMaster study. Nat Med. 2023, 29:376-83. 10.1038\/s41591-022-02120-7","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvaa118","article-title":"Minimizing glucose excursions (GEM) with continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"4","author":"Cox DJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cox DJ, Banton T, Moncrief M, Conaway M, Diamond A, McCall AL. Minimizing glucose excursions (GEM) with continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. J Endocr Soc. 2020, 4:bvaa118. 10.1210\/jendso\/bvaa118","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/456260-personalized-medicine-interventions-for-glycemic-control-in-adults-with-type-2-diabetes-a-systematic-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T07:17:38Z","timestamp":1775719058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/456260-personalized-medicine-interventions-for-glycemic-control-in-adults-with-type-2-diabetes-a-systematic-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"references-count":44,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.106693","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]}}}