{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T14:41:52Z","timestamp":1776955312440,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.107587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T13:54:07Z","timestamp":1776952447000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Updated Clinical Perspective on a High-Mortality Complication"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Juan Camilo","family":"Santacruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta Juliana","family":"Mantilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Pulido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Agudelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juli\u00e1n Alberto","family":"Naranjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oscar Vicente","family":"Vergara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Londono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-019-08763-8","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and risk factors of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on observational studies","volume":"59","author":"Xu T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu T, Zhang G, Lin H, et al.. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on observational studies. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2020, 59:295-303. 10.1007\/s12016-019-08763-8","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02435-9","article-title":"Risk factors for mortality of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Jiang M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang M, Chen R, Zhao L, Zhang X. Risk factors for mortality of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2021, 23:57. 10.1186\/s13075-021-02435-9","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199705000-00005","article-title":"Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical presentation, histology, survival, and outcome","volume":"76","author":"Zamora MR","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zamora MR, Warner ML, Tuder R, et.al.. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical presentation, histology, survival, and outcome. Medicine. 1997, 76:192-202. 10.1097\/00005792-199705000-00005","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05684-4","article-title":"Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: data from the Spanish society of rheumathology Lupus Register (RELESSER)","volume":"44","author":"Garcia-Villanueva MJ","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garcia-Villanueva MJ, Garrote-Corral S, Pego-Reigosa JM, et al.. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: data from the Spanish society of rheumathology Lupus Register (RELESSER). Rheumatol Int. 2024, 44:2445-55. 10.1007\/s00296-024-05684-4","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.2025.211.Abstracts.A3523","article-title":"A deep dive into outcomes of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in SLE and ANCA-vasculitis","volume":"211","author":"Iyer R","year":"2025","unstructured":"Iyer R, Sinha P, Kamani N, et al.. A deep dive into outcomes of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in SLE and ANCA-vasculitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2025, 211:3523. 10.1164\/ajrccm.2025.211.Abstracts.A3523","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/030097400447660","article-title":"Pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage in patients with rheumatic diseases: clinical presentation, treatment, survival, and outcome","volume":"29","author":"Lee CK","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lee CK, Koh JH, Cha HS, et al.. Pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage in patients with rheumatic diseases: clinical presentation, treatment, survival, and outcome. Scand J Rheumatol. 2000, 29:288-94. 10.1080\/030097400447660","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.38421","article-title":"Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in an undiagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus patient","volume":"15","author":"Salah QM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salah QM, Albandak M, Ayyad M, Sayyed Ahmad D, Atawnah SI. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in an undiagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus patient. Cureus. 2023, 15:e38421. 10.7759\/cureus.38421","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203310381511","article-title":"Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: risk factors and clinical outcome: results from affiliated hospitals of Catholic University of Korea","volume":"20","author":"Kwok SK","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kwok SK, Moon SJ, Ju JH, et al.. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: risk factors and clinical outcome: results from affiliated hospitals of Catholic University of Korea. Lupus. 2011, 20:102-7. 10.1177\/0961203310381511","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.16810","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-positive vasculitis and thrombophilia","volume":"134","author":"Wach A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wach A, Korkosz M, Oko\u0144 K, et.al.. Systemic lupus erythematosus with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-positive vasculitis and thrombophilia. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2024, 134:16810. 10.20452\/pamw.16810","journal-title":"Pol Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14165614","article-title":"Characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: a single-center experience","volume":"14","author":"Dziedzic R","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dziedzic R, Korkosz M, Kosa\u0142ka-W\u0119giel J. Characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: a single-center experience. J Clin Med. 2025, 14:10.3390\/jcm14165614","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-4710-0.00060-2","article-title":"Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Rare Infiltrative Disorders of the Lung","author":"Collard HR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Collard HR, King TE Jr, Schwarz MI. Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Rare Infiltrative Disorders of the Lung. Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine, 6th edn. Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al (ed): Elsevier, New York; 2016. 1207. 10.1016\/B978-1-4160-4710-0.00060-2"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/adpa.2001.27923","article-title":"Pathologic approach to pulmonary hemorrhage","volume":"5","author":"Colby TV","year":"2001","unstructured":"Colby TV, Fukuoka J, Ewaskow SP, et al.. Pathologic approach to pulmonary hemorrhage. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2001, 5:309-18. 10.1053\/adpa.2001.27923","journal-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.55.6.502","article-title":"Small vessel vasculitis of the lung","volume":"55","author":"Schwarz MI","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schwarz MI, Brown KK. Small vessel vasculitis of the lung. Thorax. 2000, 55:502-10. 10.1136\/thorax.55.6.502","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0b013e318067da56","article-title":"Alveolar hemorrhage in anti-basement membrane antibody disease: a series of 28 cases","volume":"86","author":"Lazor R","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lazor R, Bigay-Gam\u00e9 L, Cottin V, et al.. Alveolar hemorrhage in anti-basement membrane antibody disease: a series of 28 cases. Medicine. 2007, 86:181-93. 10.1097\/md.0b013e318067da56","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190410001697359","article-title":"Fatal intra-alveolar hemorrhage after rituximab in non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"45","author":"Alexandrescu DT","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alexandrescu DT, Dutcher JP, O'Boyle K, et.al.. Fatal intra-alveolar hemorrhage after rituximab in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2004, 45:2321-5. 10.1080\/10428190410001697359","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.03.009","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in lupus","volume":"100","author":"Jarrot PA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jarrot PA, Tellier E, Plantureux L, et al.. Neutrophil extracellular traps in diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in lupus. J Autoimmun. 2019, 100:120-30. 10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.03.009","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.05.006","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies as a cause of pulmonary capillaritis and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage","volume":"35","author":"Deane KD","year":"2005","unstructured":"Deane KD, West SG. Antiphospholipid antibodies as a cause of pulmonary capillaritis and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2005, 35:154-65. 10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.05.006","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2001-125-0475-AHARMI","article-title":"Alveolar hemorrhage and renal microangiopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"125","author":"Hughson MD","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hughson MD, He Z, Henegar J, McMurray R. Alveolar hemorrhage and renal microangiopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2001, 125:475-83. 10.5858\/2001-125-0475-AHARMI","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203315605365","article-title":"Alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cohort review","volume":"25","author":"Andrade C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andrade C, Mendon\u00e7a T, Farinha F, Correia J, Marinho A, Almeida I, Vasconcelos C. Alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cohort review. Lupus. 2016, 25:75-80. 10.1177\/0961203315605365","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-41864-x","article-title":"Clinical, radiological and laboratory features and outcomes of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage","volume":"16","author":"Lutz JR","year":"2026","unstructured":"Lutz JR, Mart\u00ednez-Brocato E, Segura-Mart\u00ednez SV, Baracaldo Amado GV. Clinical, radiological and laboratory features and outcomes of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Sci Rep. 2026, 16:10.1038\/s41598-026-41864-x","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2009.01.002","article-title":"Respiratory manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"23","author":"Pego-Reigosa JM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pego-Reigosa JM, Medeiros DA, Isenberg DA. Respiratory manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2009, 23:469-80. 10.1016\/j.berh.2009.01.002","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5803479","article-title":"Severe maternal morbidity in systemic lupus erythematosus flare in the second trimester of pregnancy","volume":"2018","author":"Blitz MJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blitz MJ, Fleischer A. Severe maternal morbidity in systemic lupus erythematosus flare in the second trimester of pregnancy. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2018, 2018:5803479. 10.1155\/2018\/5803479","journal-title":"Case Rep Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320903798","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, etiology and novel treatment strategies","volume":"29","author":"Al-Adhoubi NK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Adhoubi NK, Bystrom J. Systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, etiology and novel treatment strategies. Lupus. 2020, 29:355-63. 10.1177\/0961203320903798","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203310392430","article-title":"Predictors of mortality in diffuse alveolar haemorrhage associated with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"20","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00ednez MU","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00ednez MU, Abud-Mendoza C. Predictors of mortality in diffuse alveolar haemorrhage associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2011, 20:568-74. 10.1177\/0961203310392430","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2003.09.006","article-title":"Pulmonary hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"33","author":"Badsha H","year":"2004","unstructured":"Badsha H, Teh CL, Kong KO, et.al.. Pulmonary hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2004, 33:414-21. 10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2003.09.006","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-2084","article-title":"Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage","volume":"137","author":"Lara AR","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lara AR, Schwarz MI. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Chest. 2010, 137:1164-71. 10.1378\/chest.08-2084","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033231188034","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus-related acute lung disease","volume":"32","author":"Triboulet F","year":"2023","unstructured":"Triboulet F, Gu\u00e9rin E, Boussouar S, et al.. Systemic lupus erythematosus-related acute lung disease. Lupus. 2023, 32:1117-22. 10.1177\/09612033231188034","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2014.01.002","article-title":"Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage: clues to diagnosis","volume":"43","author":"Lichtenberger JP 3rd","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lichtenberger JP 3rd, Digumarthy SR, Abbott GF, et.al.. Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage: clues to diagnosis. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2014, 43:128-39. 10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2014.01.002","journal-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0339183","article-title":"Clinical features and pulmonary infections of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in rheumatic disease patients","volume":"20","author":"Rom\u00e1n-Montes CM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rom\u00e1n-Montes CM, Briones-Garc\u00eda E, Navarro-Lara SA, Ortiz-Bustamante MA, Garc\u00eda-Herrera IP, Guaracha-Basa\u00f1ez GA. Clinical features and pulmonary infections of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in rheumatic disease patients. PLoS One. 2025, 20:e0339183. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0339183","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.180104","article-title":"CMV or pneumocystis infection increases mortality in SLE with DAH","volume":"46","author":"Sun YS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun YS, Huang DF, Lin FC, et al.. CMV or pneumocystis infection increases mortality in SLE with DAH. J Rheumatol. 2019, 46:251-8. 10.3899\/jrheum.180104","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000000291","article-title":"Systematic review of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: focus on outcome and therapy","volume":"21","author":"Ednalino C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ednalino C, Yip J, Carsons SE. Systematic review of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: focus on outcome and therapy. J Clin Rheumatol. 2015, 21:305-10. 10.1097\/RHU.0000000000000291","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.4.1083","article-title":"Alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: presentation and management","volume":"118","author":"Santos-Ocampo AS","year":"2000","unstructured":"Santos-Ocampo AS, Mandell BF, Fessler BJ. Alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: presentation and management. Chest. 2000, 118:1083-90. 10.1378\/chest.118.4.1083","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213512","article-title":"First Latin American clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: Latin American Group for the Study of Lupus (GLADEL, Grupo Latino Americano de Estudio del Lupus)-Pan-American League of Associations of Rheumatology (PANLAR)","volume":"77","author":"Pons-Estel BA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pons-Estel BA, Bonfa E, Soriano ER, et al.. First Latin American clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: Latin American Group for the Study of Lupus (GLADEL, Grupo Latino Americano de Estudio del Lupus)-Pan-American League of Associations of Rheumatology (PANLAR). Ann Rheum Dis. 2018, 77:1549-57. 10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213512","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25690","article-title":"2025 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guideline for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus","author":"Sammaritano LR","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sammaritano LR, Askanase A, Bermas BL, et al.. 2025 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guideline for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2025, 10.1002\/acr.25690","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107301","article-title":"Efficacy of anifrolumab in recurrent diffuse alveolar hemorrhage associated with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"166","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez Fern\u00e1ndez E","year":"2026","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez Fern\u00e1ndez E, Costas Vila M, De la Hera Fern\u00e1ndez FJ. Efficacy of anifrolumab in recurrent diffuse alveolar hemorrhage associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Med Clin (Barc). 2026, 166:107301. 10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107301","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314564235","article-title":"Rituximab: an emerging treatment for recurrent diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"24","author":"Tse JR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tse JR, Schwab KE, McMahon M, Simon W. Rituximab: an emerging treatment for recurrent diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2015, 24:756-9. 10.1177\/0961203314564235","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2017.1420817","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus-associated diffuse alveolar haemorrhage: a single-centre experience in Han Chinese patients","volume":"47","author":"Wang CR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang CR, Liu MF, Weng CT, Lin WC, Li WT, Tsai HW. Systemic lupus erythematosus-associated diffuse alveolar haemorrhage: a single-centre experience in Han Chinese patients. Scand J Rheumatol. 2018, 47:392-9. 10.1080\/03009742.2017.1420817","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-025-07671-x","article-title":"Exploring rituximab efficacy in systemic lupus erythematosus with pulmonary hemorrhage: a retrospective case series from a single center","volume":"44","author":"Meng J","year":"2025","unstructured":"Meng J, Jia J, Gan K, et al.. Exploring rituximab efficacy in systemic lupus erythematosus with pulmonary hemorrhage: a retrospective case series from a single center. Clin Rheumatol. 2025, 44:3881-8. 10.1007\/s10067-025-07671-x","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033231180704","article-title":"Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: A multicentre retrospective study in Singapore","volume":"32","author":"Law AH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Law AH, Chuah TY, Lee W, Teng GG, Lian TY, Saffari SE, Chew LC. Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: A multicentre retrospective study in Singapore. Lupus. 2023, 32:952-63. 10.1177\/09612033231180704","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033221136971","article-title":"Multi-target therapy in a lupus patient with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage","volume":"32","author":"Li X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li X, Chen Y, Zhang J, Li T, Chen J, Lu Y, Yang L. Multi-target therapy in a lupus patient with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Lupus. 2023, 32:142-8. 10.1177\/09612033221136971","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Treatment of DAH with recombinant factor VIIa","volume":"93","author":"Alabed IB","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alabed IB. Treatment of DAH with recombinant factor VIIa. Medicine. 2014, 93:72.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12890\/2016_000515","article-title":"The successful use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in systemic lupus erythematosus-induced diffuse alveolar haemorrhage","volume":"4","author":"Pais F","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pais F, Fayed M, Evans T. The successful use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in systemic lupus erythematosus-induced diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2017, 4:000515. 10.12890\/2016_000515","journal-title":"Eur J Case Rep Intern Med"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000001230","article-title":"Thrombosis and bleeding in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) without anticoagulation: a systematic review","volume":"67","author":"Olson SR","year":"2021","unstructured":"Olson SR, Murphree CR, Zonies D, Meyer AD, Mccarty OJ, Deloughery TG, Shatzel JJ. Thrombosis and bleeding in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) without anticoagulation: a systematic review. ASAIO J. 2021, 67:290-6. 10.1097\/MAT.0000000000001230","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.13861","article-title":"Utilization of extracorporeal life support for diffuse alveolar damage and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: A systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Reddy HG","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reddy HG, Maynes EJ, Saxena A, et al.. Utilization of extracorporeal life support for diffuse alveolar damage and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: A systematic review. Artif Organs. 2021, 45:559-68. 10.1111\/aor.13861","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000183","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the management of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage","volume":"61","author":"Abrams D","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abrams D, Agerstrand CL, Biscotti M, Burkart KM, Bacchetta M, Brodie D. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the management of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. ASAIO J. 2015, 61:216-8. 10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000183","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202311-2011ST","article-title":"An update on management of adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: an official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"209","author":"Qadir N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qadir N, Sahetya S, Munshi L, et al.. An update on management of adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: an official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024, 209:24-36. 10.1164\/rccm.202311-2011ST","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2013.74.4.151","article-title":"Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage","volume":"74","author":"Park MS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park MS. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul). 2013, 74:151-62. 10.4046\/trd.2013.74.4.151","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14134","article-title":"Postmortem examination of COVID-19 patients reveals diffuse alveolar damage with severe capillary congestion and variegated findings in lungs and other organs suggesting vascular dysfunction","volume":"77","author":"Menter T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Menter T, Haslbauer JD, Nienhold R, et al.. Postmortem examination of COVID-19 patients reveals diffuse alveolar damage with severe capillary congestion and variegated findings in lungs and other organs suggesting vascular dysfunction. Histopathology. 2020, 77:198-209. 10.1111\/his.14134","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2020.100996","article-title":"Vaping-induced diffuse alveolar hemorrhage","volume":"29","author":"Edmonds PJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Edmonds PJ, Copeland C, Conger A, Richmond BW. Vaping-induced diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Respir Med Case Rep. 2020, 29:100996. 10.1016\/j.rmcr.2020.100996","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(24)00035-3","article-title":"PR3-ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"6","author":"Falde SD","year":"2024","unstructured":"Falde SD, Fussner LA, Tazelaar HD, et al.. PR3-ANCA-associated vasculitis. Lancet Rheumatol. 2024, 6:314-27. 10.1016\/S2665-9913(24)00035-3","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/484299-diffuse-alveolar-hemorrhage-in-systemic-lupus-erythematosus-an-updated-clinical-perspective-on-a-high-mortality-complication","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T13:54:08Z","timestamp":1776952448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/484299-diffuse-alveolar-hemorrhage-in-systemic-lupus-erythematosus-an-updated-clinical-perspective-on-a-high-mortality-complication"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"references-count":50,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.107587","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]}}}