{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T16:00:38Z","timestamp":1777046438845,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.107648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T14:45:09Z","timestamp":1777041909000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microneedling for Cutaneous Manifestations of Autoimmune Disease: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Juriga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica K","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nabiha T","family":"Atiquzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Morello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Pedreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew T","family":"McKinley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiarra","family":"Krulikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dania","family":"Ilyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Prado Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lily","family":"Tehrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shane","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin J","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00720-1","article-title":"Pathogenesis of autoimmune disease","volume":"19","author":"Pisetsky DS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pisetsky DS. Pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2023, 19:509-24. 10.1038\/s41581-023-00720-1","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000035221","article-title":"Global research hotspots and frontier trends of epigenetic modifications in autoimmune diseases: a bibliometric analysis from 2012 to 2022","volume":"102","author":"Gao X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao X, Huang X, Wang Y, Sun S, Chen T, Gao Y, Zhang X. Global research hotspots and frontier trends of epigenetic modifications in autoimmune diseases: a bibliometric analysis from 2012 to 2022. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023, 102:e35221. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000035221","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12395","article-title":"Human autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive update","volume":"278","author":"Wang L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang L, Wang FS, Gershwin ME. Human autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive update. J Intern Med. 2015, 278:369-95. 10.1111\/joim.12395","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2004.03.003","article-title":"Skin manifestations of systemic autoimmune connective tissue disease: diagnostics and therapeutics","volume":"18","author":"Sontheimer RD","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sontheimer RD. Skin manifestations of systemic autoimmune connective tissue disease: diagnostics and therapeutics. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2004, 18:429-62. 10.1016\/j.berh.2004.03.003","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157015911796557939","article-title":"Toxicities of immunosuppressive treatment of autoimmune neurologic diseases","volume":"9","author":"Lallana EC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lallana EC, Fadul CE. Toxicities of immunosuppressive treatment of autoimmune neurologic diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2011, 9:468-77. 10.2174\/157015911796557939","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15149","article-title":"Percutaneous collagen induction (microneedling) for scarring alopecia in discoid lupus erythematosus of the scalp","volume":"21","author":"de Andrade Lima MM","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Andrade Lima MM, Benez M, Gamonal SB, Melo DF, Tortelly VD, Frattini S, de Andrade Lima EV. Percutaneous collagen induction (microneedling) for scarring alopecia in discoid lupus erythematosus of the scalp. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022, 21:6479-81. 10.1111\/jocd.15149","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3126\/ajms.v4i3.5392","article-title":"Micro needling: facts and fictions","volume":"4","author":"Bahuguna A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bahuguna A. Micro needling: facts and fictions. Asian J Med Sci. 2013, 4:1-4.","journal-title":"Asian J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12723","article-title":"Microneedle applications in improving skin appearance","volume":"24","author":"McCrudden MT","year":"2015","unstructured":"McCrudden MT, McAlister E, Courtenay AJ, Gonz\u00e1lez-V\u00e1zquez P, Singh TR, Donnelly RF. Microneedle applications in improving skin appearance. Exp Dermatol. 2015, 24:561-6. 10.1111\/exd.12723","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12748","article-title":"Dermapen in the treatment of wrinkles in cigarette smokers and skin aging effectively","volume":"17","author":"Amer M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amer M, Farag F, Amer A, ElKot R, Mahmoud R. Dermapen in the treatment of wrinkles in cigarette smokers and skin aging effectively. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018, 17:1200-4. 10.1111\/jocd.12748","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S142450","article-title":"Review of applications of microneedling in dermatology","volume":"10","author":"Iriarte C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iriarte C, Awosika O, Rengifo-Pardo M, Ehrlich A. Review of applications of microneedling in dermatology. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2017, 10:289-98. 10.2147\/CCID.S142450","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2023.05.009","article-title":"Microneedles for enhanced topical treatment of skin disorders: applications, challenges, and prospects","volume":"30","author":"Peng T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peng T, Chen Y, Hu W, et al.. Microneedles for enhanced topical treatment of skin disorders: applications, challenges, and prospects. Engineering. 2023, 30:170-189.","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2022.03.012","article-title":"Microneedling-associated procedures to enhance facial rejuvenation","volume":"30","author":"Spataro EA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spataro EA, Dierks K, Carniol PJ. Microneedling-associated procedures to enhance facial rejuvenation. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2022, 30:389-97. 10.1016\/j.fsc.2022.03.012","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjac085","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of a microneedling device for treating wrinkles on the neck","volume":"42","author":"Alqam M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alqam M, Wamsley CE, Hitchcock T, Jones BC, Akgul Y, Kenkel JM. Efficacy and tolerability of a microneedling device for treating wrinkles on the neck. Aesthet Surg J. 2022, 42:1154-60. 10.1093\/asj\/sjac085","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-021-00653-2","article-title":"Microneedling and its use in hair loss disorders: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"English RS Jr","year":"2022","unstructured":"English RS Jr, Ruiz S, DoAmaral P. Microneedling and its use in hair loss disorders: a systematic review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2022, 12:41-60. 10.1007\/s13555-021-00653-2","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/IJDVL_126_2021","article-title":"Histological changes in facial melasma after treatment with triple combination cream with or without oral tranexamic acid and\/or microneedling: A randomised clinical trial","volume":"88","author":"Cassiano DP","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cassiano DP, Esp\u00f3sito AC, Hassun KM, et al.. Histological changes in facial melasma after treatment with triple combination cream with or without oral tranexamic acid and\/or microneedling: A randomised clinical trial. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2022, 88:761-70. 10.25259\/IJDVL_126_2021","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.10.078","article-title":"Microneedles: a smart approach and increasing potential for transdermal drug delivery system","volume":"109","author":"Waghule T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Waghule T, Singhvi G, Dubey SK, Pandey MM, Gupta G, Singh M, Dua K. Microneedles: a smart approach and increasing potential for transdermal drug delivery system. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019, 109:1249-58. 10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.10.078","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg6007","article-title":"Adoptive T(reg) therapy with metabolic intervention via perforated microneedles ameliorates psoriasis syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Zhang W","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang W, Chen Y, Zhao Z, et al.. Adoptive T(reg) therapy with metabolic intervention via perforated microneedles ameliorates psoriasis syndrome. Sci Adv. 2023, 9:eadg6007. 10.1126\/sciadv.adg6007","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2023.11.013","article-title":"Potential strategy of microneedle-based transdermal drug delivery system for effective management of skin-related immune disorders","volume":"195","author":"Xu P","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu P, Xiao W, Xu K, He Y, Miao X, Dong Y, Sun L. Potential strategy of microneedle-based transdermal drug delivery system for effective management of skin-related immune disorders. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2024, 195:114148. 10.1016\/j.ejpb.2023.11.013","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.03.010","article-title":"Transdermal immunomodulation: principles, advances and perspectives","volume":"127","author":"Zhao Z","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Ukidve A, Dasgupta A, Mitragotri S. Transdermal immunomodulation: principles, advances and perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2018, 127:3-19. 10.1016\/j.addr.2018.03.010","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2022.08.001","article-title":"Chronic inflammation induced by microneedling and the use of bone marrow stem cell cytokines","volume":"31","author":"Maguire G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maguire G. Chronic inflammation induced by microneedling and the use of bone marrow stem cell cytokines. J Tissue Viability. 2022, 31:687-92. 10.1016\/j.jtv.2022.08.001","journal-title":"J Tissue Viability"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"A systematic review examining the potential adverse effects of microneedling","volume":"14","author":"Gowda A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gowda A, Healey B, Ezaldein H, Merati M. A systematic review examining the potential adverse effects of microneedling. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2021, 14:45-54.","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Microneedling","author":"Litchman G","year":"2026","unstructured":"Litchman G, Nair PA, Badri T, Kelly SE. Microneedling. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2026."},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Microneedling Market Summary. (2026). Accessed. March 31, 2026: https:\/\/www.marketresearchfuture.com\/reports\/microneedling-market-11834."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.09.024","article-title":"Microneedling in skin of color: a review of uses and efficacy","volume":"74","author":"Cohen BE","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cohen BE, Elbuluk N. Microneedling in skin of color: a review of uses and efficacy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016, 74:348-55. 10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.09.024","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-019-0088-8","article-title":"Simple and customizable method for fabrication of high-aspect ratio microneedle molds using low-cost 3D printing","volume":"5","author":"Krieger KJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krieger KJ, Bertollo N, Dangol M, Sheridan JT, Lowery MM, O'Cearbhaill ED. Simple and customizable method for fabrication of high-aspect ratio microneedle molds using low-cost 3D printing. Microsyst Nanoeng. 2019, 5:42. 10.1038\/s41378-019-0088-8","journal-title":"Microsyst Nanoeng"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"JBI manual for evidence synthesis. (2024). Accessed. March 31, 2026: https:\/\/jbi-global-wiki.refined.site\/space\/MANUAL."},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Calcinosis cutis","author":"Le C","year":"2026","unstructured":"Le C, Bedocs PM. Calcinosis cutis. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2026."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-022-06501-z","article-title":"Regression of calcinosis cutis after inkless tattoo in a patient with dermatomyositis: therapeutic potential of microneedling","volume":"33","author":"Motlaghzadeh Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Motlaghzadeh Y, Tabatabai LS, Longo E, Sellmeyer DE. Regression of calcinosis cutis after inkless tattoo in a patient with dermatomyositis: therapeutic potential of microneedling. Osteoporos Int. 2022, 33:2449-52. 10.1007\/s00198-022-06501-z","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14024","article-title":"Different methods of enhancing the efficacy of topical tacrolimus in extra-facial vitiligo: A comparative study","volume":"20","author":"Esmat SM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Esmat SM, Gawdat HI, Hegazy RA, Ahmed FS, Said ER. Different methods of enhancing the efficacy of topical tacrolimus in extra-facial vitiligo: A comparative study. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021, 20:3545-51. 10.1111\/jocd.14024","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2020.1716930","article-title":"Combined microneedling with tacrolimus vs tacrolimus monotherapy for vitiligo treatment","volume":"32","author":"Ebrahim HM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ebrahim HM, Elkot R, Albalate W. Combined microneedling with tacrolimus vs tacrolimus monotherapy for vitiligo treatment. J Dermatolog Treat. 2021, 32:999-1004. 10.1080\/09546634.2020.1716930","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/jewd.jewd_1_23","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma versus microneedling effects in NB-UVB non-responder vitiligo patients","volume":"20","author":"Khalil KT","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khalil KT, Ibrahim SE. Platelet-rich plasma versus microneedling effects in NB-UVB non-responder vitiligo patients. J Egypt Womens Dermatol Soc. 2023, 20:114-119.","journal-title":"J Egypt Womens Dermatol Soc"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13713","article-title":"Effect of minoxidil combined with triamcinolone acetonide on alopecia areata by microneedle injection","volume":"30","author":"Wei F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei F, Cheng Jun C, Cheng S, Fang L. Effect of minoxidil combined with triamcinolone acetonide on alopecia areata by microneedle injection. Skin Res Technol. 2024, 30:e13713. 10.1111\/srt.13713","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijt.ijt_140_20","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of injection triamcinolone acetonide given intralesionally and through microneedling in alopecia areata","volume":"14","author":"Arora A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arora A, Bhalla M, Thami GP. Comparative efficacy of injection triamcinolone acetonide given intralesionally and through microneedling in alopecia areata. Int J Trichology. 2022, 14:156-61. 10.4103\/ijt.ijt_140_20","journal-title":"Int J Trichology"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2020.1753456","article-title":"Ophiasis alopecia areata treated with microneedling","volume":"33","author":"Asad U","year":"2020","unstructured":"Asad U, Wallis D, Tarbox M. Ophiasis alopecia areata treated with microneedling. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2020, 33:413-4. 10.1080\/08998280.2020.1753456","journal-title":"Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000506314","article-title":"Successful treatment of alopecia areata patches with triamcinolone acetonide using MMP\u00ae: report of 2 cases","volume":"6","author":"Barletta M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barletta M, Gasques L. Successful treatment of alopecia areata patches with triamcinolone acetonide using MMP\u00ae: report of 2 cases. Skin Appendage Disord. 2020, 6:229-34. 10.1159\/000506314","journal-title":"Skin Appendage Disord"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Efficacy of combination therapy with microneedling and topical latanoprost 0.005% in treatment of acrofacial vitiligo: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"43","author":"El-Magid WM","year":"2023","unstructured":"El-Magid WM, Mohamed M, Abd-Elghany NI, Saleh R. Efficacy of combination therapy with microneedling and topical latanoprost 0.005% in treatment of acrofacial vitiligo: a randomized controlled trial. Egypt J Dermatol Venerol. 2023, 43:112-121.","journal-title":"Egypt J Dermatol Venerol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5652140","article-title":"Microneedling in combination with topical pimecrolimus 1% versus topical pimecrolimus 1% for the treatment of refractory stable vitiligo: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"2021","author":"Iraji F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iraji F, Asilian A, Talebzadeh Z, Saber M, Mokhtari F, Siadat A, Hosseini SM. Microneedling in combination with topical pimecrolimus 1% versus topical pimecrolimus 1% for the treatment of refractory stable vitiligo: a randomized clinical trial. Dermatol Res Pract. 2021, 2021:5652140. 10.1155\/2021\/5652140","journal-title":"Dermatol Res Pract"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12847","article-title":"A comparative interventional study of narrowband ultraviolet B alone and narrowband ultraviolet B in combination with microneedling in patients with stable vitiligo","volume":"39","author":"Kaur A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaur A, Barman KD, Sahoo B, Choudhary P. A comparative interventional study of narrowband ultraviolet B alone and narrowband ultraviolet B in combination with microneedling in patients with stable vitiligo. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2023, 39:357-63. 10.1111\/phpp.12847","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29271\/jcpsp.2024.05.514","article-title":"Topical tacrolimus ointment alone versus in combination with microneedling for refractory stable vitiligo","volume":"34","author":"Kiran A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kiran A, Khan S, Ahmed N, Ali M. Topical tacrolimus ointment alone versus in combination with microneedling for refractory stable vitiligo. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2024, 34:514-7. 10.29271\/jcpsp.2024.05.514","journal-title":"J Coll Physicians Surg Pak"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/jlms.2024.38","article-title":"Fractional CO2 laser versus microneedling combined with narrowband ultraviolet and topical steroid for treating non-segmental vitiligo in treatment-resistant localizations: a comparative randomized clinical trial study","volume":"15","author":"Mansouri P","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mansouri P, Rahbar M, Nilforoushzadeh MA, Shati M, Amirkhani MA. Fractional CO2 laser versus microneedling combined with narrowband ultraviolet and topical steroid for treating non-segmental vitiligo in treatment-resistant localizations: a comparative randomized clinical trial study. J Lasers Med Sci. 2024, 15:e38. 10.34172\/jlms.2024.38","journal-title":"J Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma in alopecia areata: intradermal injection versus topical application with transepidermal delivery via either fractional carbon dioxide laser or microneedling","volume":"29","author":"Ragab SE","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ragab SE, Nassar SO, Morad HA, Hegab DS. Platelet-rich plasma in alopecia areata: intradermal injection versus topical application with transepidermal delivery via either fractional carbon dioxide laser or microneedling. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat. 2020, 29:169-73.","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/482531-microneedling-for-cutaneous-manifestations-of-autoimmune-disease-a-scoping-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T14:45:11Z","timestamp":1777041911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/482531-microneedling-for-cutaneous-manifestations-of-autoimmune-disease-a-scoping-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"references-count":41,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.107648","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]}}}