{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T14:49:35Z","timestamp":1777560575662,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.107897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:30:19Z","timestamp":1777401019000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predictors of Pacemaker Implantation Among Patients Hospitalized With Syncope: An Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (2016-2020)"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Kokori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Osei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nirajan","family":"Kandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuhaib","family":"Khokar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Daniyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Hasham Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2004.05.032","article-title":"Characteristics and admission patterns of patients presenting with syncope to U.S. emergency departments, 1992-2000","volume":"11","author":"Sun BC","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sun BC, Emond JA, Camargo CA Jr. Characteristics and admission patterns of patients presenting with syncope to U.S. emergency departments, 1992-2000. Acad Emerg Med. 2004, 11:1029-34. 10.1197\/j.aem.2004.05.032","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy037","article-title":"2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope","volume":"39","author":"Brignole M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brignole M, Moya A, de Lange FJ, et al.. 2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope. Eur Heart J. 2018, 39:1883-948. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy037","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012407","article-title":"Incidence and prognosis of syncope","volume":"347","author":"Soteriades ES","year":"2002","unstructured":"Soteriades ES, Evans JC, Larson MG, Chen MH, Chen L, Benjamin EJ, Levy D. Incidence and prognosis of syncope. N Engl J Med. 2002, 347:878-85. 10.1056\/NEJMoa012407","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012213432507","article-title":"Syncope","volume":"343","author":"Kapoor WN","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kapoor WN. Syncope. N Engl J Med. 2000, 343:1856-62. 10.1056\/NEJM200012213432507","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.03.003","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/HRS guideline for the evaluation and management of patients with syncope: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society","volume":"70","author":"Shen WK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shen WK, Sheldon RS, Benditt DG, et al.. 2017 ACC\/AHA\/HRS guideline for the evaluation and management of patients with syncope: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017, 70:e39-e110. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.03.003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.10.044","article-title":"2018 ACC\/AHA\/hrs guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society","volume":"74","author":"Kusumoto FM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Barrett C, et al.. 2018 ACC\/AHA\/hrs guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019, 74:e51-e156. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.10.044","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2008.143123","article-title":"Clinical predictors of cardiac syncope at initial evaluation in patients referred urgently to a general hospital: the EGSYS score","volume":"94","author":"Del Rosso A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Del Rosso A, Ungar A, Maggi R, et al.. Clinical predictors of cardiac syncope at initial evaluation in patients referred urgently to a general hospital: the EGSYS score. Heart. 2008, 94:1620-6. 10.1136\/hrt.2008.143123","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"HCUP National Inpatient Sample (NIS). (2026). https.\/\/hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/nisoverview.jsp."},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"ICD-10-CM. (2024). https.\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/icd\/icd-10-cm\/index.html."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13846","article-title":"Effect of age on the need for pacemaker implantation despite negative 24-hour Holter monitoring in individuals with syncope","volume":"63","author":"Bouzas-Mosquera A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bouzas-Mosquera A, S\u00e1nchez-Fern\u00e1ndez G, Barbeito-Caama\u00f1o C, et al.. Effect of age on the need for pacemaker implantation despite negative 24-hour Holter monitoring in individuals with syncope. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015, 63:2625-7. 10.1111\/jgs.13846","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.025428","article-title":"Sex-based differences in selected cardiac implantable electronic device use: a 10-year statewide patient cohort","volume":"11","author":"De Silva K","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Silva K, Nassar N, Badgery-Parker T, et al.. Sex-based differences in selected cardiac implantable electronic device use: a 10-year statewide patient cohort. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022, 11:e025428. 10.1161\/JAHA.121.025428","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.15043","article-title":"Disparities in the implantation of secondary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator in the United States","volume":"47","author":"Maraey A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maraey A, Yazdi V, Chaaban N, et al.. Disparities in the implantation of secondary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator in the United States. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2024, 47:1241-51. 10.1111\/pace.15043","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"A systematic review of the effect of primary care-based service innovations on quality and patterns of referral to specialist secondary care","volume":"53","author":"Faulkner A","year":"2003","unstructured":"Faulkner A, Mills N, Bainton D, et al.. A systematic review of the effect of primary care-based service innovations on quality and patterns of referral to specialist secondary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2003, 53:878-84.","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hsdr03240","article-title":"What is the evidence on interventions to manage referral from primary to specialist non-emergency care? A systematic review and logic model synthesis","volume":"3","author":"Blank L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blank L, Baxter S, Woods HB, et al.. What is the evidence on interventions to manage referral from primary to specialist non-emergency care? A systematic review and logic model synthesis. Health Soc Care Deliv Res. 2015, 3:1-430. 10.3310\/hsdr03240","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Deliv Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.39545","article-title":"Impact of admission of patients with syncope in non-teaching hospitals versus teaching hospitals: a nationwide analysis","volume":"15","author":"Malik M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malik M, Francis-Morel G. Impact of admission of patients with syncope in non-teaching hospitals versus teaching hospitals: a nationwide analysis. Cureus. 2023, 15:e39545. 10.7759\/cureus.39545","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.01.042","article-title":"Regional variation in outcomes and healthcare resources utilization in, emergency department visits for syncope","volume":"44","author":"Khaliq W","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khaliq W, Aboabdo M, Harris CM, et al.. Regional variation in outcomes and healthcare resources utilization in, emergency department visits for syncope. Am J Emerg Med. 2021, 44:62-7. 10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.01.042","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.24221","article-title":"Predictors of pacemaker requirement in patients with implantable loop recorder and unexplained syncope: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Zangiabadian M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zangiabadian M, Soltani K, Gholinejad Y, et al.. Predictors of pacemaker requirement in patients with implantable loop recorder and unexplained syncope: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Cardiol. 2024, 47:e24221. 10.1002\/clc.24221","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15202","article-title":"Risk of sick sinus syndrome in patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation: a population-based cohort","volume":"32","author":"Yang PS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang PS, Kim D, Jang E, et al.. Risk of sick sinus syndrome in patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation: a population-based cohort. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2021, 32:2704-14. 10.1111\/jce.15202","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1415065","article-title":"Morphology of human sinoatrial node and its surrounding right atrial muscle in the global obesity pandemic-does fat matter?","volume":"11","author":"Chen W","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen W, Rams D, Zaj\u0105c M, et al.. Morphology of human sinoatrial node and its surrounding right atrial muscle in the global obesity pandemic-does fat matter?. Front Med (Lausanne). 2024, 11:1415065. 10.3389\/fmed.2024.1415065","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjaceaccp\/mkv003","article-title":"Pathophysiology of cardiovascular dysfunction in sepsis","volume":"15","author":"Greer JR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Greer JR. Pathophysiology of cardiovascular dysfunction in sepsis. BJA Education. 2015, 15:316-21. 10.1093\/bjaceaccp\/mkv003","journal-title":"BJA Education"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac053.317","article-title":"Long-term outcomes in patients with potential reversible causes of bradycardia","volume":"24","author":"Passos M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Passos M, Fialho I, Lopes J, et al.. Long-term outcomes in patients with potential reversible causes of bradycardia. EP Europace. 2022, 24:053-317. 10.1093\/europace\/euac053.317","journal-title":"EP Europace"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960140210","article-title":"Transient ischemic attack-related syncope","volume":"14","author":"Davidson E","year":"1991","unstructured":"Davidson E, Rotenbeg Z, Fuchs J, Weinberger I, Agmon J. Transient ischemic attack-related syncope. Clin Cardiol. 1991, 14:141-4. 10.1002\/clc.4960140210","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13286","article-title":"Decreasing cerebral oxygen consumption during upright tilt in vasovagal syncope","volume":"5","author":"Medow MS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Medow MS, Kothari ML, Goetz AM, O'Donnell-Smith MB, Terilli C, Stewart JM. Decreasing cerebral oxygen consumption during upright tilt in vasovagal syncope. Physiol Rep. 2017, 5:e13286. 10.14814\/phy2.13286","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.6102.2023","article-title":"Hypoxia altitude simulation and reduction of cerebral oxygenation in COPD patients","volume":"94","author":"Dehe L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dehe L, Hohendanner F, G\u00fcltekin E, Werth G, Wutzler A, Bender TO. Hypoxia altitude simulation and reduction of cerebral oxygenation in COPD patients. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023, 94:102-6. 10.3357\/AMHP.6102.2023","journal-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-15613-7_26","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension and sudomotor dysfunction in diabetes","author":"Fanty LF","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fanty LF, Gibbons CH. Orthostatic hypotension and sudomotor dysfunction in diabetes\r\n. Diabetic Neuropathy: Advances in Pathophysiology and Clinical Management. Springer International Publishing, Cham; 2023. 453-69. 10.1007\/978-3-031-15613-7_26"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.75153","article-title":"A case of severe advanced diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy: severe orthostatic hypotension complicated with episodes of nocturnal supine hypertensive emergency episodes","volume":"16","author":"Myint N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Myint N. A case of severe advanced diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy: severe orthostatic hypotension complicated with episodes of nocturnal supine hypertensive emergency episodes. Cureus. 2024, 16:e75153. 10.7759\/cureus.75153","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i1.80","article-title":"Diabetes and cardiac autonomic neuropathy: clinical manifestations, cardiovascular consequences, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"6","author":"Balc\u0131o\u011flu AS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Balc\u0131o\u011flu AS, M\u00fcderriso\u011flu H. Diabetes and cardiac autonomic neuropathy: clinical manifestations, cardiovascular consequences, diagnosis and treatment. World J Diabetes. 2015, 6:80-91. 10.4239\/wjd.v6.i1.80","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147722","article-title":"Cardiomyopathies: an overview","volume":"22","author":"Ciarambino T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ciarambino T, Menna G, Sansone G, Giordano M. Cardiomyopathies: an overview. Int J Mol Sci. 2021, 22:7722. 10.3390\/ijms22147722","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-015-0571-z","article-title":"Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in chronic kidney disease: a comprehensive review","volume":"17","author":"Salman IM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salman IM. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in chronic kidney disease: a comprehensive review. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2015, 17:59. 10.1007\/s11906-015-0571-z","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/483454-predictors-of-pacemaker-implantation-among-patients-hospitalized-with-syncope-an-analysis-of-the-national-inpatient-sample-2016-2020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:30:21Z","timestamp":1777401021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/483454-predictors-of-pacemaker-implantation-among-patients-hospitalized-with-syncope-an-analysis-of-the-national-inpatient-sample-2016-2020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.107897","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]}}}