{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T10:40:47Z","timestamp":1777632047901,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.107922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T03:46:23Z","timestamp":1777434383000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["When Two Lesions Collide: Coexisting Vasospasm and Atherosclerotic Disease Complicating Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Eric Pin-Shiuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boran","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Rayyan","family":"Masood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zubian","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Skylar","family":"Bentley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanaa","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sayed T","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001309","article-title":"2025 ACC\/AHA\/ACEP\/NAEMSP\/SCAI guideline for the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"151","author":"Rao SV","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rao SV, O'Donoghue ML, Ruel M, et al.. 2025 ACC\/AHA\/ACEP\/NAEMSP\/SCAI guideline for the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2025, 151:e771-862. 10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001309","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012188","article-title":"Prognostic implications of door-to-balloon time and onset-to-door time on mortality in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"8","author":"Park J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park J, Choi KH, Lee JM, et al.. Prognostic implications of door-to-balloon time and onset-to-door time on mortality in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019, 8:e012188. 10.1161\/JAHA.119.012188","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.20149","article-title":"Treatment time and in-hospital mortality among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 2018-2021","volume":"328","author":"Jollis JG","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jollis JG, Granger CB, Z\u00e8gre-Hemsey JK, et al.. Treatment time and in-hospital mortality among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 2018-2021. JAMA. 2022, 328:2033-40. 10.1001\/jama.2022.20149","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000670","article-title":"Contemporary diagnosis and management of patients with myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"139","author":"Tamis-Holland JE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tamis-Holland JE, Jneid H, Reynolds HR, et al.. Contemporary diagnosis and management of patients with myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019, 139:e891-908. 10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000670","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000527","article-title":"Update to practice standards for electrocardiographic monitoring in hospital settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"136","author":"Sandau KE","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sandau KE, Funk M, Auerbach A, et al.. Update to practice standards for electrocardiographic monitoring in hospital settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017, 136:e273-344. 10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000527","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.78.4","article-title":"Variant angina and coronary artery spasm: the clinical spectrum, pathophysiology, and management","volume":"78","author":"Kusama Y","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kusama Y, Kodani E, Nakagomi A, Otsuka T, Atarashi H, Kishida H, Mizuno K. Variant angina and coronary artery spasm: the clinical spectrum, pathophysiology, and management. J Nippon Med Sch. 2011, 78:4-12. 10.1272\/jnms.78.4","journal-title":"J Nippon Med Sch"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-019-01523-w","article-title":"Clinical, angiographic and echocardiographic correlates of epicardial and microvascular spasm in patients with myocardial ischaemia and non-obstructive coronary arteries","volume":"109","author":"Montone RA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Montone RA, Niccoli G, Russo M, et al.. Clinical, angiographic and echocardiographic correlates of epicardial and microvascular spasm in patients with myocardial ischaemia and non-obstructive coronary arteries. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020, 109:435-43. 10.1007\/s00392-019-01523-w","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.53.2705","article-title":"Differences and interactions between risk factors for coronary spasm and atherosclerosis--smoking, aging, inflammation, and blood pressure","volume":"53","author":"Morita S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morita S, Mizuno Y, Harada E, et al.. Differences and interactions between risk factors for coronary spasm and atherosclerosis--smoking, aging, inflammation, and blood pressure. Intern Med. 2014, 53:2663-70. 10.2169\/internalmedicine.53.2705","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.04.015","article-title":"Causes, angiographic characteristics, and management of premature myocardial infarction: JACC State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"79","author":"Rallidis LS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rallidis LS, Xenogiannis I, Brilakis ES, Bhatt DL. Causes, angiographic characteristics, and management of premature myocardial infarction: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022, 79:2431-49. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.04.015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.04.042","article-title":"Plaque components at coronary sites with focal spasm in patients with variant angina: virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound analysis","volume":"144","author":"Hong YJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hong YJ, Jeong MH, Choi YH, et al.. Plaque components at coronary sites with focal spasm in patients with variant angina: virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2010, 144:367-72. 10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.04.042","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.06.046","article-title":"Conformational change in coronary artery structure assessed by optical coherence tomography in patients with vasospastic angina","volume":"58","author":"Tanaka A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tanaka A, Shimada K, Tearney GJ, et al.. Conformational change in coronary artery structure assessed by optical coherence tomography in patients with vasospastic angina. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011, 58:1608-13. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.06.046","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000121424.76486.20","article-title":"Time delay to treatment and mortality in primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: every minute of delay counts","volume":"109","author":"De Luca G","year":"2004","unstructured":"De Luca G, Suryapranata H, Ottervanger JP, Antman EM. Time delay to treatment and mortality in primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: every minute of delay counts. Circulation. 2004, 109:1223-5. 10.1161\/01.CIR.0000121424.76486.20","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx667","article-title":"Patients with acute myocardial infarction and non-obstructive coronary arteries: safety and prognostic relevance of invasive coronary provocative tests","volume":"39","author":"Montone RA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Montone RA, Niccoli G, Fracassi F, et al.. Patients with acute myocardial infarction and non-obstructive coronary arteries: safety and prognostic relevance of invasive coronary provocative tests. Eur Heart J. 2018, 39:91-8. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx667","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001168","article-title":"2023 AHA\/ACC\/ACCP\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline for the management of patients with chronic coronary disease: a report of the American Heart Association\/American College of Cardiology joint committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"148","author":"Virani SS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Virani SS, Newby LK, Arnold SV, et al.. 2023 AHA\/ACC\/ACCP\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline for the management of patients with chronic coronary disease: a report of the American Heart Association\/American College of Cardiology joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2023, 148:e9-119. 10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001168","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.108.803767","article-title":"Coronary spasm preferentially occurs at branch points: an angiographic comparison with atherosclerotic plaque","volume":"2","author":"Nakagawa H","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nakagawa H, Morikawa Y, Mizuno Y, et al.. Coronary spasm preferentially occurs at branch points: an angiographic comparison with atherosclerotic plaque. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2009, 2:97-104. 10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.108.803767","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.10.036","article-title":"2017 AHA\/ACC\/HRS guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society","volume":"15","author":"Al-Khatib SM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, et al.. 2017 AHA\/ACC\/HRS guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Heart Rhythm. 2018, 15:e73-189. 10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.10.036","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2022-321268","article-title":"Management of vasospastic angina","volume":"109","author":"Beltrame JF","year":"2022","unstructured":"Beltrame JF. Management of vasospastic angina. Heart. 2022, 109:70-7. 10.1136\/heartjnl-2022-321268","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-15-1202","article-title":"The who, what, why, when, how and where of vasospastic angina","volume":"80","author":"Beltrame JF","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beltrame JF, Crea F, Kaski JC, et al.. The who, what, why, when, how and where of vasospastic angina. Circ J. 2016, 80:289-98. 10.1253\/circj.CJ-15-1202","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Coronary vasospasm: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"21","author":"Van Spall HG","year":"2005","unstructured":"Van Spall HG, Overgaard CB, Abramson BL. Coronary vasospasm: a case report and review of the literature. Can J Cardiol. 2005, 21:953-7.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2010.07.010","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of long-acting nifedipine CR and diltiazem R in patients with vasospastic angina: Aomori coronary spastic angina study","volume":"56","author":"Higuma T","year":"2010","unstructured":"Higuma T, Oikawa K, Kato T, et al.. Comparison of the effects of long-acting nifedipine CR and diltiazem R in patients with vasospastic angina: Aomori coronary spastic angina study. J Cardiol. 2010, 56:354-60. 10.1016\/j.jjcc.2010.07.010","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2024.05.024","article-title":"Association between coronary artery spasm and atherosclerotic disease","volume":"18","author":"Peeters D","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peeters D, Woelders E, Jansen T, et al.. Association between coronary artery spasm and atherosclerotic disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2025, 18:226-39. 10.1016\/j.jcmg.2024.05.024","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.1483-18","article-title":"Catheter-induced spasm in the proximal right coronary artery","volume":"58","author":"Sueda S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sueda S, Fujimoto K, Sasaki Y, Sakaue T, Habara H, Kohno H. Catheter-induced spasm in the proximal right coronary artery. Intern Med. 2019, 58:21-30. 10.2169\/internalmedicine.1483-18","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.132.6.897","article-title":"Coronary spasm: Prinzmetal's variant angina vs. catheter-induced spasm; refractory spasm vs. fixed stenosis","volume":"132","author":"Friedman AC","year":"1979","unstructured":"Friedman AC, Spindola-Franco H, Nivatpumin T. Coronary spasm: Prinzmetal's variant angina vs. catheter-induced spasm; refractory spasm vs. fixed stenosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1979, 132:897-904. 10.2214\/ajr.132.6.897","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.11.045","article-title":"Intravascular imaging during percutaneous coronary intervention: JACC\u00a0State-of-the-Art\u00a0Review","volume":"81","author":"Truesdell AG","year":"2023","unstructured":"Truesdell AG, Alasnag MA, Kaul P, et al.. Intravascular imaging during percutaneous coronary intervention: JACC\u00a0State-of-the-Art\u00a0Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023, 81:590-605. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.11.045","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.67.6.1178","article-title":"Potentiation of coronary vasoconstriction by beta-adrenergic blockade in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"67","author":"Kern MJ","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kern MJ, Ganz P, Horowitz JD, et al.. Potentiation of coronary vasoconstriction by beta-adrenergic blockade in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1983, 67:1178-85. 10.1161\/01.cir.67.6.1178","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/481628-when-two-lesions-collide-coexisting-vasospasm-and-atherosclerotic-disease-complicating-percutaneous-coronary-intervention-in-st-segment-elevation-myocardial-infarction","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T03:46:28Z","timestamp":1777434388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/481628-when-two-lesions-collide-coexisting-vasospasm-and-atherosclerotic-disease-complicating-percutaneous-coronary-intervention-in-st-segment-elevation-myocardial-infarction"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.107922","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]}}}