{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T22:13:38Z","timestamp":1777760018805,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.107963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T13:48:53Z","timestamp":1777470533000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Frequency and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers at a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Ametav","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debabbrata","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md Shafiqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leiby","family":"Orellana Banegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz Ahmed Salem","family":"Al-khulaifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md Rezwanul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Habiba","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md Sajidul","family":"Huq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176275","article-title":"Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"21","author":"Galicia-Garcia U","year":"2020","unstructured":"Galicia-Garcia U, Benito-Vicente A, Jebari S, et al.. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Mol Sci. 2020, 21:6275. 10.3390\/ijms21176275","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, et al.. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022, 183:109119. 10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bjm.v36i2.78406","article-title":"The global challenges of type 2 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Rob A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rob A, Hoque A, Asaduzzaman MM, et al.. The global challenges of type 2 diabetes. Bangla J Med. 2025, 36:92-8. 10.3329\/bjm.v36i2.78406","journal-title":"Bangla J Med"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Diabetes in Bangladesh | IDF Diabetes Atlas. (2000). Accessed. March 8, 2026: https:\/\/diabetesatlas.org\/data-by-location\/country\/bangladesh\/.."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.10-5-505","article-title":"Microvascular complications: pathophysiology and management","volume":"10","author":"Vithian K","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vithian K, Hurel S. Microvascular complications: pathophysiology and management. Clin Med (Lond). 2010, 10:505-9. 10.7861\/clinmedicine.10-5-505","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080008","article-title":"Diabetes-related microvascular and macrovascular diseases in the physical therapy setting","volume":"88","author":"Cade WT","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cade WT. Diabetes-related microvascular and macrovascular diseases in the physical therapy setting. Phys Ther. 2008, 88:1322-35. 10.2522\/ptj.20080008","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161117666190405165151","article-title":"Macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"18","author":"Viigimaa M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Viigimaa M, Sachinidis A, Toumpourleka M, Koutsampasopoulos K, Alliksoo S, Titma T. Macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2020, 18:110-6. 10.2174\/1570161117666190405165151","journal-title":"Curr Vasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8349160","article-title":"Awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes in Bangladesh: evidence from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017\/18","volume":"2022","author":"Khan N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan N, Oldroyd JC, Hossain MB, Islam RM. Awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes in Bangladesh: evidence from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017\/18. Int J Clin Pract. 2022, 2022:8349160. 10.1155\/2022\/8349160","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy and visual disability","author":"Gurnani B","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gurnani B, Kaur K. Diabetic retinopathy and visual disability. The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Disability. Bennett G, Goodall E (ed): Palgrave Macmillan, Cham; 2025. 1-13."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i3.489","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy - ocular complications of diabetes mellitus","volume":"6","author":"Nentwich MM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nentwich MM, Ulbig MW. Diabetic retinopathy - ocular complications of diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes. 2015, 6:489-99. 10.4239\/wjd.v6.i3.489","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.04.027","article-title":"Global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and projection of burden through 2045: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"128","author":"Teo ZL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Teo ZL, Tham YC, Yu M, et al.. Global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and projection of burden through 2045: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2021, 128:1580-91. 10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.04.027","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53730\/ijhs.v6nS1.6930","article-title":"Study of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and its correlation with hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetic nephropathy","volume":"6","author":"Damle D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Damle D, Karambelkar V. Study of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and its correlation with hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetic nephropathy. Int J Health Sci. 2022, 6:8298-306. 10.53730\/ijhs.v6nS1.6930","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/cemecj.v9i1.85162","article-title":"Association of diabetic retinopathy with duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus and glycemic control","volume":"9","author":"Chowdhury NM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chowdhury NM, Akhter S, Alam MTU, Chowdhury AM, Farzana T, Khadija S. Association of diabetic retinopathy with duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus and glycemic control. CeMeC J. 2025, 9:7-11. 10.3329\/cemecj.v9i1.85162","journal-title":"CeMeC J"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2016.1231932","article-title":"Global epidemiology of diabetic foot ulceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Zhang P","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang P, Lu J, Jing Y, Tang S, Zhu D, Bi Y. Global epidemiology of diabetic foot ulceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med. 2017, 49:106-16. 10.1080\/07853890.2016.1231932","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1615439","article-title":"Diabetic foot ulcers and their recurrence","volume":"376","author":"Armstrong DG","year":"2017","unstructured":"Armstrong DG, Boulton AJ, Bus SA. Diabetic foot ulcers and their recurrence. N Engl J Med. 2017, 376:2367-75. 10.1056\/NEJMra1615439","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13051076","article-title":"Diabetic foot ulcers: pathophysiology, immune dysregulation, and emerging therapeutic strategies","volume":"13","author":"Dawi J","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dawi J, Tumanyan K, Tomas K, et al.. Diabetic foot ulcers: pathophysiology, immune dysregulation, and emerging therapeutic strategies. Biomedicines. 2025, 13:1076. 10.3390\/biomedicines13051076","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22088\/caspjs.2025.2059789.1007","article-title":"Risk factors of amputation in patients with diabetic foot: a comprehensive narrative review","volume":"1","author":"Mohseni Afshar Z","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohseni Afshar Z, Babazadeh A, Ebrahimpour S, Jokar R, Barary M. Risk factors of amputation in patients with diabetic foot: a comprehensive narrative review. Casp J Surg. 2025, 1:121-32. 10.22088\/caspjs.2025.2059789.1007","journal-title":"Casp J Surg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734620982237","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Serban D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Serban D, Papanas N, Dascalu AM, et al.. Diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: a systematic review. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2021, 20:98-103. 10.1177\/1534734620982237","journal-title":"Int J Low Extrem Wounds"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175270","article-title":"Association between diabetic foot ulcer and diabetic retinopathy","volume":"12","author":"Hwang DJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hwang DJ, Lee KM, Park MS, et al.. Association between diabetic foot ulcer and diabetic retinopathy. PLoS One. 2017, 12:e0175270. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0175270","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3605","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy relates to the incidence of foot ulcers and amputations in type 2 diabetes","volume":"39","author":"Borderie G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Borderie G, Foussard N, Larroumet A, et al.. Diabetic retinopathy relates to the incidence of foot ulcers and amputations in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2023, 39:e3605. 10.1002\/dmrr.3605","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17085381231154805","article-title":"Risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Tang WH","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tang WH, Zhao YN, Cheng ZX, Xu JX, Zhang Y, Liu XM. Risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vascular. 2024, 32:661-9. 10.1177\/17085381231154805","journal-title":"Vascular"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034058","article-title":"Risk of diabetic foot ulcer and its associated factors among Bangladeshi subjects: a multicentric cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Banik PC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Banik PC, Barua L, Moniruzzaman M, Mondal R, Zaman F, Ali L. Risk of diabetic foot ulcer and its associated factors among Bangladeshi subjects: a multicentric cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2020, 10:e034058. 10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034058","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19870101-28","article-title":"The diabetic foot","volume":"10","author":"Wagner FW Jr","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wagner FW Jr. The diabetic foot. Orthopedics. 1987, 10:163-72. 10.3928\/0147-7447-19870101-28","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/CDR.CDR_14_17","article-title":"In search of cutaneous marker for retinopathy in diabetic patients: a pilot study","volume":"1","author":"Girisha B","year":"2017","unstructured":"Girisha B, Viswanathan N. In search of cutaneous marker for retinopathy in diabetic patients: a pilot study. Clin Dermatol Rev. 2017, 1:52. 10.4103\/CDR.CDR_14_17","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol Rev"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bmj.v46i3.42245","article-title":"Association of diabetic retinopathy with diabetic foot in a tertiary care centre","volume":"46","author":"Debnath PR","year":"2019","unstructured":"Debnath PR, Mohammuddunnobi. Association of diabetic retinopathy with diabetic foot in a tertiary care centre. Bangladesh Med J. 2019, 46:90-3. 10.3329\/bmj.v46i3.42245","journal-title":"Bangladesh Med J"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15347346261419230","article-title":"High burden of diabetic retinopathy in individuals with diabetic foot ulcers: a prospective comparative study [E-Pub Ahead of Print]","author":"Alt\u0131nta\u015f \u0130","year":"2026","unstructured":"Alt\u0131nta\u015f \u0130, Karaaslan H, H\u00fczmeli E. High burden of diabetic retinopathy in individuals with diabetic foot ulcers: a prospective comparative study [E-Pub Ahead of Print]. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2026, 10.1177\/15347346261419230","journal-title":"Int J Low Extrem Wounds"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1000_17","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetic foot syndrome in South India","volume":"66","author":"Karam T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karam T, Kamath YS, Rao LG, Rao KA, Shenoy SB, Bhandary SV. Diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetic foot syndrome in South India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2018, 66:547-50. 10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1000_17","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21639-1","article-title":"Analysis of risk factors for foot ulcers in diabetes patients with neurovascular complications","volume":"25","author":"Fan Z","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fan Z, Liu Y, Xie H, Yang Q, Zhang G, Zhang P, Ding H. Analysis of risk factors for foot ulcers in diabetes patients with neurovascular complications. BMC Public Health. 2025, 25:792. 10.1186\/s12889-025-21639-1","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2023-003523","article-title":"Unraveling shared risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"11","author":"Yin K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yin K, Qiao T, Zhang Y, et al.. Unraveling shared risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization analysis. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2023, 11:e003523. 10.1136\/bmjdrc-2023-003523","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.82667","article-title":"Prevalence and association of diabetic retinopathy with diabetic foot ulcer: a cross-sectional observational study","author":"Zafar S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zafar S, Rahim K, Ullah Khan I, Yasin M, Dawood M, Saleha S. Prevalence and association of diabetic retinopathy with diabetic foot ulcer: a cross-sectional observational study. Frontiers in Ophthalmology and Ocular Imaging. Ziaei A (ed):  IntechOpen, London; 2019. 10.5772\/intechopen.82667"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/482771-frequency-and-severity-of-diabetic-retinopathy-in-patients-with-diabetic-foot-ulcers-at-a-tertiary-hospital-in-bangladesh","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T13:48:57Z","timestamp":1777470537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/482771-frequency-and-severity-of-diabetic-retinopathy-in-patients-with-diabetic-foot-ulcers-at-a-tertiary-hospital-in-bangladesh"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.107963","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]}}}