{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:13:49Z","timestamp":1788401629502,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.108030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T14:19:51Z","timestamp":1777558791000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Serious Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Descriptive Case Series From a Rural Healthcare System"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Rajesh M","family":"Prabhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew C","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen C","family":"Waring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Timeline. WHO\u2019s COVID-19 response. Accessed: March 25, 2026: https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/interactive-timeline."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Weekly epidemiological update - 29 December 2020. Accessed. March 25, 2026: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/weekly-epidemiological-update---29-december-2020."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12474","article-title":"Adverse drug reactions - examples of detection of rare events using databases","volume":"80","author":"Chan EW","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chan EW, Liu KQ, Chui CS, Sing CW, Wong LY, Wong IC. Adverse drug reactions - examples of detection of rare events using databases. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015, 80:855-61. 10.1111\/bcp.12474","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine safety. (2025). Accessed. March 25, 2026: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccine-safety\/vaccines\/covid-19.html."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2104882","article-title":"Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination","volume":"384","author":"Schultz NH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schultz NH, S\u00f8rvoll IH, Michelsen AE, et al.. Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2021, 384:2124-30. 10.1056\/NEJMoa2104882","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.952781","article-title":"Oral adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination: analysis of VAERS reports","volume":"10","author":"Riad A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Riad A, P\u00f5ld A, Kateeb E, Attia S. Oral adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination: analysis of VAERS reports. Front Public Health. 2022, 10:952781. 10.3389\/fpubh.2022.952781","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Western Australian Vaccine Safety Surveillance - Annual Report 2021","year":"2021","unstructured":"Western Australian Vaccine Safety Surveillance - Annual Report 2021. Immunisation Program, Communicable Disease Control Directorate and the COVID-19 Vaccination Program, Department of Health, Western Australia, 2021."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12010059","article-title":"Biodistribution of RNA vaccines and of their products: evidence from human and animal studies","volume":"12","author":"Pateev I","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pateev I, Seregina K, Ivanov R, Reshetnikov V. Biodistribution of RNA vaccines and of their products: evidence from human and animal studies. Biomedicines. 2023, 12:59. 10.3390\/biomedicines12010059","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-022-03166-5","article-title":"Biodistribution and non-linear gene expression of mRNA LNPs affected by delivery route and particle size","volume":"39","author":"Di J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di J, Du Z, Wu K, Jin S, Wang X, Li T, Xu Y. Biodistribution and non-linear gene expression of mRNA LNPs affected by delivery route and particle size. Pharm Res. 2022, 39:105-14. 10.1007\/s11095-022-03166-5","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.107686","article-title":"Septic arthritis of shoulder joint following a COVID-19 vaccination: a case report","volume":"99","author":"Klabklay P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Klabklay P, Chuaychoosakoon C. Septic arthritis of shoulder joint following a COVID-19 vaccination: a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2022, 99:107686. 10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.107686","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.CC.21.00090","article-title":"Septic arthritis of the shoulder after SARS-CoV-2 Pfizer vaccination: a case report","volume":"11","author":"Massel DH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Massel DH, Haziza S, Rivera S, Mohile N, Subhawong TK, Hernandez VH. Septic arthritis of the shoulder after SARS-CoV-2 Pfizer vaccination: a case report. JBJS Case Connect. 2021, 11:e21.00090. 10.2106\/JBJS.CC.21.00090","journal-title":"JBJS Case Connect"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjaa458","article-title":"Shoulder septic arthritis following routine influenza vaccination","volume":"2020","author":"Damisa J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Damisa J, Zulkeefli Z, Rohman L, Burton D. Shoulder septic arthritis following routine influenza vaccination. J Surg Case Rep. 2020, 2020:rjaa458. 10.1093\/jscr\/rjaa458","journal-title":"J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-018-9613-9","article-title":"Septic shoulder joint after pneumococcal vaccination requiring surgical debridement","volume":"14","author":"DeRogatis MJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"DeRogatis MJ, Parameswaran L, Lee P, Mayer TG, Issack PS. Septic shoulder joint after pneumococcal vaccination requiring surgical debridement. HSS J. 2018, 14:299-301. 10.1007\/s11420-018-9613-9","journal-title":"HSS J"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.06.002","article-title":"Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA) after COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"40","author":"Bass JR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bass JR, Poland GA. Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA) after COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccine. 2022, 40:4964-71. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.06.002","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-243066","article-title":"Streptococcus gordonii septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint following deltoid intramuscular vaccination","volume":"14","author":"Flowers RC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Flowers RC, Rivera Rodriguez B, Corbitt K. Streptococcus gordonii septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint following deltoid intramuscular vaccination. BMJ Case Rep. 2021, 14:10.1136\/bcr-2021-243066","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002194","article-title":"Adhesive capsulitis after COVID-19 vaccination: a case series","volume":"102","author":"Ghosh S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Pandey SK, Biswas A, Pandey J. Adhesive capsulitis after COVID-19 vaccination: a case series. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2023, 102:e79-82. 10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002194","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.23902","article-title":"Septic and crystal-induced arthritis (Pseudogout) post-COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"14","author":"Wireko FW","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wireko FW, Khalafalla S, Jamshidi T, Mahgoub S. Septic and crystal-induced arthritis (Pseudogout) post-COVID-19 vaccination. Cureus. 2022, 14:e23902. 10.7759\/cureus.23902","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10081276","article-title":"Cervical Staphylococcus aureus infection after receiving the third dose of COVID-19 vaccination: a case report","volume":"10","author":"Li T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li T, Zhang H, Wang Y, et al.. Cervical Staphylococcus aureus infection after receiving the third dose of COVID-19 vaccination: a case report. Vaccines (Basel). 2022, 10:1276. 10.3390\/vaccines10081276","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcab043","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine-related myositis","volume":"114","author":"Theodorou DJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Theodorou DJ, Theodorou SJ, Axiotis A, Gianniki M, Tsifetaki N. COVID-19 vaccine-related myositis. QJM. 2021, 114:424-5. 10.1093\/qjmed\/hcab043","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.88a.21038","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine-induced cellulitis and myositis","volume":"88","author":"Ramalingam S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramalingam S, Arora H, Lewis S, Gunasekaran K, Muruganandam M, Nagaraju S, Padmanabhan P. COVID-19 vaccine-induced cellulitis and myositis. Cleve Clin J Med. 2021, 88:648-50. 10.3949\/ccjm.88a.21038","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1242380","article-title":"BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in children alters cytokine responses to heterologous pathogens and Toll-like receptor agonists","volume":"14","author":"No\u00e9 A","year":"2023","unstructured":"No\u00e9 A, Dang TD, Axelrad C, et al.. BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in children alters cytokine responses to heterologous pathogens and Toll-like receptor agonists. Front Immunol. 2023, 14:1242380. 10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1242380","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2023.109762","article-title":"The impact of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine on adaptive and innate immune responses","volume":"255","author":"F\u00f6hse K","year":"2023","unstructured":"F\u00f6hse K, Geckin B, Zoodsma M, et al.. The impact of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine on adaptive and innate immune responses. Clin Immunol. 2023, 255:109762. 10.1016\/j.clim.2023.109762","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00273-5","article-title":"Bell\u2019s palsy and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines\u2014an unfolding story","volume":"21","author":"Cirillo N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cirillo N, Doan R. Bell\u2019s palsy and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines\u2014an unfolding story. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021, 21:1210-1. 10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00273-5","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00076-1","article-title":"Bell's palsy and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines","volume":"21","author":"Ozonoff A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ozonoff A, Nanishi E, Levy O. Bell's palsy and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021, 21:450-2. 10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00076-1","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00323-6","article-title":"Bell's palsy and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines\u2014an unfolding story - authors' reply","volume":"21","author":"Ozonoff A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ozonoff A, Nanishi E, Levy O. Bell's palsy and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines\u2014an unfolding story - authors' reply. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021, 21:1211-2. 10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00323-6","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12509","article-title":"Acute small fiber neuropathy after Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S vaccination: a report of three cases and review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Abbott MG","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abbott MG, Allawi Z, Hofer M, et al.. Acute small fiber neuropathy after Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S vaccination: a report of three cases and review of the literature. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2022, 27:325-9. 10.1111\/jns.12509","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2707.210594","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"27","author":"Salzman MB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salzman MB, Huang CW, O'Brien CM, Castillo RD. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021, 27:1944-8. 10.3201\/eid2707.210594","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2022.37.e299","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in an adult following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination: successful treatment with medium-dose steroids and colchicine","volume":"37","author":"Lee HJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee HJ, Jeong YJ, Kim YJ, Kim SH. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in an adult following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination: successful treatment with medium-dose steroids and colchicine. J Korean Med Sci. 2022, 37:e299. 10.3346\/jkms.2022.37.e299","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27696","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 vaccine small-fiber neuropathy and tinnitus treated with plasma exchange","volume":"66","author":"Schelke MW","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schelke MW, Barcavage S, Lampshire E, Brannagan TH 3rd. Post-COVID-19 vaccine small-fiber neuropathy and tinnitus treated with plasma exchange. Muscle Nerve. 2022, 66:E21-3. 10.1002\/mus.27696","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.01.054","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adults (MIS-C\/A): case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data","volume":"39","author":"Vogel TP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vogel TP, Top KA, Karatzios C, et al.. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adults (MIS-C\/A): case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine. 2021, 39:3037-49. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.01.054","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2804.212585","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult after first dose of mRNA vaccine","volume":"28","author":"Miyazato Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miyazato Y, Yamamoto K, Yamada G, et al.. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult after first dose of mRNA vaccine. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022, 28:870-2. 10.3201\/eid2804.212585","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-243888","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in an adult following the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (MIS-V)","volume":"14","author":"Nune A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nune A, Iyengar KP, Goddard C, Ahmed AE. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in an adult following the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (MIS-V). BMJ Case Rep. 2021, 14:10.1136\/bcr-2021-243888","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2805.212316","article-title":"Severe multisystem inflammatory symptoms in 2 adults after short interval between COVID-19 and subsequent vaccination","volume":"28","author":"Jenny-Avital ER","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jenny-Avital ER, Howe RA. Severe multisystem inflammatory symptoms in 2 adults after short interval between COVID-19 and subsequent vaccination. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022, 28:1017-20. 10.3201\/eid2805.212316","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab936","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination","volume":"75","author":"Belay ED","year":"2022","unstructured":"Belay ED, Godfred Cato S, Rao AK, et al.. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Clin Infect Dis. 2022, 75:e741-8. 10.1093\/cid\/ciab936","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2802.211938","article-title":"Postvaccination multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult with no evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"28","author":"Choi YK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choi YK, Moon JY, Kim J, et al.. Postvaccination multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult with no evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022, 28:411-4. 10.3201\/eid2802.211938","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00028-1","article-title":"Reported cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children aged 12-20 years in the USA who received a COVID-19 vaccine, December, 2020, through August, 2021: a surveillance investigation","volume":"6","author":"Yousaf AR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yousaf AR, Cortese MM, Taylor AW, et al.. Reported cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children aged 12-20 years in the USA who received a COVID-19 vaccine, December, 2020, through August, 2021: a surveillance investigation. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2022, 6:303-12. 10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00028-1","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-023-00492-3","article-title":"COVID-19-related burning eye syndrome and burning mouth syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Williams LD","year":"2023","unstructured":"Williams LD, Zis P. COVID-19-related burning eye syndrome and burning mouth syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Ther. 2023, 12:621-30. 10.1007\/s40122-023-00492-3","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1264_21","article-title":"Oral manifestations in COVID-19 patients: an observational study","volume":"11","author":"Muthyam AK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Muthyam AK, Reddy MP, Kulkarni S, Srilatha A, Sahithi K, Satyanarayana D. Oral manifestations in COVID-19 patients: an observational study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022, 11:1000-5. 10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1264_21","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2022.07.004","article-title":"Burning mouth syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Khawaja SN","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khawaja SN, Alaswaiti OF, Scrivani SJ. Burning mouth syndrome. Dent Clin North Am. 2023, 67:49-60. 10.1016\/j.cden.2022.07.004","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27251","article-title":"Post COVID-19 vaccine small fiber neuropathy","volume":"64","author":"Waheed W","year":"2021","unstructured":"Waheed W, Carey ME, Tandan SR, Tandan R. Post COVID-19 vaccine small fiber neuropathy. Muscle Nerve. 2021, 64:E1-2. 10.1002\/mus.27251","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.10.058","article-title":"Transient sensory symptoms among first-dose recipients of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: a case-control study","volume":"39","author":"Garc\u00eda-Grimshaw M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Grimshaw M, Ceballos-Liceaga SE, Michel-Ch\u00e1vez A, et al.. Transient sensory symptoms among first-dose recipients of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: a case-control study. Vaccine. 2021, 39:6975-9. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.10.058","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-023-03510-7","article-title":"Seronegative acute encephalitis following COVID-19 vaccines: a case series of an overlooked diagnosis with literature review","volume":"79","author":"Mansour K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mansour K, Chadli Z, Ghachem I, et al.. Seronegative acute encephalitis following COVID-19 vaccines: a case series of an overlooked diagnosis with literature review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2023, 79:975-87. 10.1007\/s00228-023-03510-7","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26182","article-title":"Postvaccinal encephalitis after ChAdOx1 nCov-19","volume":"90","author":"Zuhorn F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zuhorn F, Graf T, Klingebiel R, Sch\u00e4bitz WR, Rogalewski A. Postvaccinal encephalitis after ChAdOx1 nCov-19. Ann Neurol. 2021, 90:506-11. 10.1002\/ana.26182","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2022.02.009","article-title":"A case of encephalitis following COVID-19 vaccine","volume":"28","author":"Kobayashi Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kobayashi Y, Karasawa S, Ohashi N, Yamamoto K. A case of encephalitis following COVID-19 vaccine. J Infect Chemother. 2022, 28:975-7. 10.1016\/j.jiac.2022.02.009","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-022-01898-0","article-title":"COVID-19-booster vaccine-induced encephalitis","volume":"122","author":"Sluyts Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sluyts Y, Arnst Y, Vanhemelryck T, De Cauwer H. COVID-19-booster vaccine-induced encephalitis. Acta Neurol Belg. 2022, 122:579-81. 10.1007\/s13760-022-01898-0","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012931","article-title":"Autoimmune encephalitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection: case frequency, findings, and outcomes","volume":"97","author":"Valencia Sanchez C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Valencia Sanchez C, Theel E, Binnicker M, Toledano M, McKeon A. Autoimmune encephalitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection: case frequency, findings, and outcomes. Neurology. 2021, 97:e2262-8. 10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012931","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9111326","article-title":"Thrombotic adverse events reported for Moderna, Pfizer and Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines: comparison of occurrence and clinical outcomes in the eudravigilance database","volume":"9","author":"Tobaiqy M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tobaiqy M, MacLure K, Elkout H, Stewart D. Thrombotic adverse events reported for Moderna, Pfizer and Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines: comparison of occurrence and clinical outcomes in the eudravigilance database. Vaccines (Basel). 2021, 9:1326. 10.3390\/vaccines9111326","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-2452","article-title":"Association of AZD1222 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination with thromboembolic and thrombocytopenic events in frontline personnel: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"175","author":"Hviid A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hviid A, Hansen JV, Thiesson EM, Wohlfahrt J. Association of AZD1222 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination with thromboembolic and thrombocytopenic events in frontline personnel: a retrospective cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2022, 175:541-6. 10.7326\/M21-2452","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03946320221128534","article-title":"Multiple sites of thrombosis without thrombocytopenia after a second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine","volume":"36","author":"Scendoni R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scendoni R, Petrelli C, Giustozzi M, Logullo FO. Multiple sites of thrombosis without thrombocytopenia after a second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2022, 36:3946320221128534. 10.1177\/03946320221128534","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2022.072","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 vaccine-related pneumonitis: a case series and literature review","volume":"37","author":"Park JY","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park JY, Kim JH, Park S, et al.. Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 vaccine-related pneumonitis: a case series and literature review. Korean J Intern Med. 2022, 37:989-1001. 10.3904\/kjim.2022.072","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2023.38.e106","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine-associated pneumonitis in the Republic of Korea: a nationwide multicenter survey","volume":"38","author":"Yoo H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yoo H, Kim SY, Park MS, et al.. COVID-19 vaccine-associated pneumonitis in the Republic of Korea: a nationwide multicenter survey. J Korean Med Sci. 2023, 38:e106. 10.3346\/jkms.2023.38.e106","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20009666.2020.1811071","article-title":"Gemcitabine induced pneumonitis: a case report and review of literature","volume":"10","author":"Thalambedu N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thalambedu N, El-Habr AH. Gemcitabine induced pneumonitis: a case report and review of literature. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2020, 10:579-82. 10.1080\/20009666.2020.1811071","journal-title":"J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2002.09893","article-title":"Gemcitabine-related pulmonary toxicity","volume":"132","author":"Joerger M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Joerger M, Gunz A, Speich R, Pestalozzi BC. Gemcitabine-related pulmonary toxicity. Swiss Med Wkly. 2002, 132:17-20. 10.4414\/smw.2002.09893","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-0988","article-title":"Risk for myocardial infarction, stroke, and pulmonary embolism following COVID-19 vaccines in adults younger than 75 years in france","volume":"175","author":"Botton J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Botton J, Jabagi MJ, Bertrand M, et al.. Risk for myocardial infarction, stroke, and pulmonary embolism following COVID-19 vaccines in adults younger than 75 years in france. Ann Intern Med. 2022, 175:1250-7. 10.7326\/M22-0988","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.21699","article-title":"Myocardial infarction, stroke, and pulmonary embolism after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in people aged 75 years or older","volume":"327","author":"Jabagi MJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jabagi MJ, Botton J, Bertrand M, Weill A, Farrington P, Zureik M, Dray-Spira R. Myocardial infarction, stroke, and pulmonary embolism after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in people aged 75 years or older. JAMA. 2022, 327:80-2. 10.1001\/jama.2021.21699","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11061075","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism after vaccination with the COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer, BNT162b2): a case report","volume":"11","author":"Kim EJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim EJ, Yoo SJ. Pulmonary embolism after vaccination with the COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer, BNT162b2): a case report. Vaccines (Basel). 2023, 11:1075. 10.3390\/vaccines11061075","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.807","article-title":"Adverse events following COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: a systematic review of cardiovascular complication, thrombosis, and thrombocytopenia","volume":"11","author":"Yasmin F","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yasmin F, Najeeb H, Naeem U, et al.. Adverse events following COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: a systematic review of cardiovascular complication, thrombosis, and thrombocytopenia. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2023, 11:e807. 10.1002\/iid3.807","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.15072","article-title":"Surveillance for adverse events after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination","volume":"326","author":"Klein NP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klein NP, Lewis N, Goddard K, et al.. Surveillance for adverse events after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. JAMA. 2021, 326:1390-9. 10.1001\/jama.2021.15072","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.11.069","article-title":"Surveillance of COVID-19 vaccine safety among elderly persons aged 65\u00a0years and older","volume":"41","author":"Wong HL","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wong HL, Tworkoski E, Ke Zhou C, et al.. Surveillance of COVID-19 vaccine safety among elderly persons aged 65\u00a0years and older. Vaccine. 2023, 41:532-9. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.11.069","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.796882","article-title":"A single-health system case series of new-onset CNS inflammatory disorders temporally associated with mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines","volume":"13","author":"Ballout AA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ballout AA, Babaie A, Kolesnik M, et al.. A single-health system case series of new-onset CNS inflammatory disorders temporally associated with mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Front Neurol. 2022, 13:796882. 10.3389\/fneur.2022.796882","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10780-7","article-title":"COVID-19 mRNA vaccination leading to CNS inflammation: a case series","volume":"269","author":"Khayat-Khoei M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khayat-Khoei M, Bhattacharyya S, Katz J, et al.. COVID-19 mRNA vaccination leading to CNS inflammation: a case series. J Neurol. 2022, 269:1093-106. 10.1007\/s00415-021-10780-7","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577765","article-title":"A systematic review of cases of CNS demyelination following COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"362","author":"Ismail II","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ismail II, Salama S. A systematic review of cases of CNS demyelination following COVID-19 vaccination. J Neuroimmunol. 2022, 362:577765. 10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577765","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13917","article-title":"Immune thrombocytopenic purpura secondary to COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review","volume":"110","author":"Bidari A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bidari A, Asgarian S, Pour Mohammad A, Naderi D, Anaraki SR, Gholizadeh Mesgarha M, Naderkhani M. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura secondary to COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review. Eur J Haematol. 2023, 110:335-53. 10.1111\/ejh.13917","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17645","article-title":"Exacerbation of immune thrombocytopenia following COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"195","author":"Kuter DJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kuter DJ. Exacerbation of immune thrombocytopenia following COVID-19 vaccination. Br J Haematol. 2021, 195:365-70. 10.1111\/bjh.17645","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021006379","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination in patients with immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"6","author":"Visser C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Visser C, Swinkels M, van Werkhoven ED, et al.. COVID-19 vaccination in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2022, 6:1637-44. 10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021006379","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.30051","article-title":"Effects of COVID-19 vaccination on platelet counts and bleeding in children, adolescents, and young adults with immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"70","author":"Kaicker S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaicker S, Martinko K, Bussel JB. Effects of COVID-19 vaccination on platelet counts and bleeding in children, adolescents, and young adults with immune thrombocytopenia. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2023, 70:e30051. 10.1002\/pbc.30051","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad339","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination-related myocarditis: a Korean nationwide study","volume":"44","author":"Cho JY","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cho JY, Kim KH, Lee N, et al.. COVID-19 vaccination-related myocarditis: a Korean nationwide study. Eur Heart J. 2023, 44:2234-43. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad339","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2711.211612","article-title":"Fatal multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult after SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"27","author":"Grome HN","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grome HN, Threlkeld M, Threlkeld S, et al.. Fatal multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult after SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and COVID-19 vaccination. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021, 27:2914-8. 10.3201\/eid2711.211612","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.24110","article-title":"Myocarditis cases reported after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination in the US from December 2020 to August 2021","volume":"327","author":"Oster ME","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oster ME, Shay DK, Su JR, et al.. Myocarditis cases reported after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination in the US from December 2020 to August 2021. JAMA. 2022, 327:331-40. 10.1001\/jama.2021.24110","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2022.0583","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and myocarditis in a nordic cohort study of 23 million residents","volume":"7","author":"Karlstad \u00d8","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karlstad \u00d8, Hovi P, Husby A, et al.. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and myocarditis in a nordic cohort study of 23 million residents. JAMA Cardiol. 2022, 7:600-12. 10.1001\/jamacardio.2022.0583","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059970","article-title":"Risk of myocarditis after sequential doses of COVID-19 vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 infection by age and sex","volume":"146","author":"Patone M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patone M, Mei XW, Handunnetthi L, et al.. Risk of myocarditis after sequential doses of COVID-19 vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 infection by age and sex. Circulation. 2022, 146:743-54. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059970","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11082219","article-title":"The incidence of myocarditis and pericarditis in post COVID-19 unvaccinated patients\u2014a large population-based stud","volume":"11","author":"Tuvali O","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tuvali O, Tshori S, Derazne E, et al.. The incidence of myocarditis and pericarditis in post COVID-19 unvaccinated patients\u2014a large population-based stud. J Clin Med. 2022, 11:2219. 10.3390\/jcm11082219","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29693","article-title":"Global estimates on the reports of vaccine-associated myocarditis and pericarditis from 1969 to 2023: findings with critical reanalysis from the WHO pharmacovigilance database","volume":"96","author":"Lee S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee S, Jo H, Lee H, et al.. Global estimates on the reports of vaccine-associated myocarditis and pericarditis from 1969 to 2023: findings with critical reanalysis from the WHO pharmacovigilance database. J Med Virol. 2024, 96:e29693. 10.1002\/jmv.29693","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2109975","article-title":"Myocarditis after Covid-19 mRNA vaccination","volume":"385","author":"Verma AK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Verma AK, Lavine KJ, Lin CY. Myocarditis after Covid-19 mRNA vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2021, 385:1332-4. 10.1056\/NEJMc2109975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.03.092","article-title":"Cutaneous reactions reported after Moderna and Pfizer COVID-19 vaccination: a registry-based study of 414 cases","volume":"85","author":"McMahon DE","year":"2021","unstructured":"McMahon DE, Amerson E, Rosenbach M, et al.. Cutaneous reactions reported after Moderna and Pfizer COVID-19 vaccination: a registry-based study of 414 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021, 85:46-55. 10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.03.092","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15209","article-title":"Cutaneous reactions after COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey: a multicenter study","volume":"21","author":"Cebeci Kahraman F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cebeci Kahraman F, Sava\u015f Erdo\u011fan S, Akta\u015f ND, et al.. Cutaneous reactions after COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey: a multicenter study. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022, 21:3692-703. 10.1111\/jocd.15209","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"Surveillance for safety after immunization: Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) --- United States, 1991--2001","volume":"52","author":"Zhou W","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhou W, Pool V, Iskander JK, et al.. Surveillance for safety after immunization: Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) --- United States, 1991--2001. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2003, 52:1-24.","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"ref78","unstructured":"About the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). (2026). https.\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccine-safety-systems\/vaers\/index.html."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.122.000980","article-title":"Biodistribution of lipid 5, mRNA, and its translated protein following intravenous administration of mRNA-encapsulated lipid nanoparticles in rats","volume":"51","author":"Ci L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ci L, Hard M, Zhang H, et al.. Biodistribution of lipid 5, mRNA, and its translated protein following intravenous administration of mRNA-encapsulated lipid nanoparticles in rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 2023, 51:813-23. 10.1124\/dmd.122.000980","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/443245-serious-adverse-events-following-covid-19-vaccination-a-descriptive-case-series-from-a-rural-healthcare-system","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T14:19:53Z","timestamp":1777558793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/443245-serious-adverse-events-following-covid-19-vaccination-a-descriptive-case-series-from-a-rural-healthcare-system"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"references-count":79,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.108030","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]}}}