{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:07:29Z","timestamp":1777882049604,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.108060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:00:52Z","timestamp":1777597252000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Significance of Lysozyme as a Biomarker in Differentiating Tubercular Pleural Effusions From Non-tubercular Effusions"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Varunkrishnan","family":"G","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanitha","family":"Gnanasoundran Sundarasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joby","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0377","article-title":"Pleural effusion in adults-etiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"116","author":"Jany B","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jany B, Welte T. Pleural effusion in adults-etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2019, 116:377-86. 10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0377","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OAEM.S29942","article-title":"Pleural effusion: diagnosis, treatment, and management","volume":"4","author":"Karkhanis VS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karkhanis VS, Joshi JM. Pleural effusion: diagnosis, treatment, and management. Open Access Emerg Med. 2012, 4:31-52. 10.2147\/OAEM.S29942","journal-title":"Open Access Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13673","article-title":"Tuberculous pleural effusion","volume":"24","author":"Shaw JA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shaw JA, Diacon AH, Koegelenberg CF. Tuberculous pleural effusion. Respirology. 2019, 24:962-71. 10.1111\/resp.13673","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis reports, 1997 to 2025. (2023). Accessed: March 25, 2026: http:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-tuberculosis-programme\/tb-reports."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753466618808660","article-title":"Biomarkers in the diagnosis of pleural diseases: a 2018 update","volume":"12","author":"Porcel JM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Porcel JM. Biomarkers in the diagnosis of pleural diseases: a 2018 update. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2018, 12:1753466618808660. 10.1177\/1753466618808660","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Ina-Respond. Diagnostic challenges in tuberculous pleural effusion. (2024). Accessed: March 25, 2026: https:\/\/ina-respond.net\/2024\/02\/23\/diagnostic-challenges-in-tuberculous-pleural-effusion\/."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.136978","article-title":"Investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion in adults: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010","volume":"65 Suppl 2","author":"Hooper C","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hooper C, Lee YC, Maskell N. Investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion in adults: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010. Thorax. 2010, 65 Suppl 2:ii4-17. 10.1136\/thx.2010.136978","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Pleural Diseases","author":"Light RW","year":"2013","unstructured":"Light RW. Pleural Diseases. Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA; 2013."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/lungindia.lungindia_738_21","article-title":"Pleural fluid lysozyme as a diagnostic biomarker of pleural tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Aggarwal AN","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aggarwal AN, Agarwal R, Dhooria S, Prasad KT, Sehgal IS, Muthu V. Pleural fluid lysozyme as a diagnostic biomarker of pleural tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lung India. 2022, 39:428-36. 10.4103\/lungindia.lungindia_738_21","journal-title":"Lung India"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-025-03947-9","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of adenosine deaminase activity in pleural fluid in tuberculous pleural effusion and relevant factors: a single-center experience with 1,491 consecutive patients","volume":"25","author":"Yang C","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang C, Shi X, Zhang S, Xiong M, Hu H, Hao X, Sha W. Diagnostic performance of adenosine deaminase activity in pleural fluid in tuberculous pleural effusion and relevant factors: a single-center experience with 1,491 consecutive patients. BMC Pulm Med. 2025, 25:492. 10.1186\/s12890-025-03947-9","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-2791(71)90454-x","article-title":"Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative assay of immunoglobulin G","volume":"8","author":"Engvall E","year":"1971","unstructured":"Engvall E, Perlmann P. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative assay of immunoglobulin G. Immunochemistry. 1971, 8:871-4. 10.1016\/0019-2791(71)90454-x","journal-title":"Immunochemistry"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.1.7063747","article-title":"The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve","volume":"143","author":"Hanley JA","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hanley JA, McNeil BJ. The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology. 1982, 143:29-36. 10.1148\/radiology.143.1.7063747","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1444238","article-title":"Diagnostic value of effusion adenosine deaminase, \u03b3-interferon release assay and effusion lactatedehydrogenase\/effusion adenosine deaminase for tuberculous pleural effusion in patients aged 60 years and above","volume":"14","author":"Guo F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo F, Huimin C, Xia W, Xu Y, Jin W, Liu F. Diagnostic value of effusion adenosine deaminase, \u03b3-interferon release assay and effusion lactatedehydrogenase\/effusion adenosine deaminase for tuberculous pleural effusion in patients aged 60 years and above. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024, 14:1444238. 10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1444238","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0143-2023","article-title":"The tuberculous pleural effusion","volume":"19","author":"McNally E","year":"2023","unstructured":"McNally E, Ross C, Gleeson LE. The tuberculous pleural effusion. Breathe (Sheff). 2023, 19:230143. 10.1183\/20734735.0143-2023","journal-title":"Breathe (Sheff)"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-022-02247-w","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase to adenosine deaminase ratio for tuberculous pleural effusion: an analysis of two cohorts","volume":"22","author":"Yan Z","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan Z, Wen JX, Wang H, et al.. Diagnostic accuracy of pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase to adenosine deaminase ratio for tuberculous pleural effusion: an analysis of two cohorts. BMC Pulm Med. 2022, 22:428. 10.1186\/s12890-022-02247-w","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/476228-significance-of-lysozyme-as-a-biomarker-in-differentiating-tubercular-pleural-effusions-from-non-tubercular-effusions","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:00:52Z","timestamp":1777597252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/476228-significance-of-lysozyme-as-a-biomarker-in-differentiating-tubercular-pleural-effusions-from-non-tubercular-effusions"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"references-count":15,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.108060","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]}}}