{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:56:12Z","timestamp":1777953372793,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.108239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:04:00Z","timestamp":1777907040000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Postoperative Eyelid Pyogenic Granuloma: A Systematic Review of Clinical Features, Surgical Associations, and Management"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Imogen","family":"Cheung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(51)90432-x","article-title":"Granuloma pyogenicum","volume":"4","author":"Kerr DA","year":"1951","unstructured":"Kerr DA. Granuloma pyogenicum. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1951, 4:158-176. 10.1016\/0030-4220(51)90432-x","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15089.x","article-title":"Granuloma pyogenicum","volume":"83","author":"Hare PJ","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hare PJ. Granuloma pyogenicum. Br J Dermatol. 1970, 83:513-5. 10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15089.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Granuloma pyogenicum","volume":"22","author":"Hartzell MB","year":"1904","unstructured":"Hartzell MB. Granuloma pyogenicum. J Cutan Dis. 1904, 22:520-523.","journal-title":"J Cutan Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198010000-00007","article-title":"Lobular capillary hemangioma: the underlying lesion of pyogenic granuloma. A study of 73 cases from the oral and nasal mucous membranes","volume":"4","author":"Mills SE","year":"1980","unstructured":"Mills SE, Cooper PH, Fechner RE. Lobular capillary hemangioma: the underlying lesion of pyogenic granuloma. A study of 73 cases from the oral and nasal mucous membranes. Am J Surg Pathol. 1980, 4:470-9.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Pyogenic granulomas of the eye and ocular adnexa: a study of 100 cases","volume":"87","author":"Ferry AP","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ferry AP. Pyogenic granulomas of the eye and ocular adnexa: a study of 100 cases. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1989, 87:327-43; discussion 343-7.","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/97.6.770","article-title":"Lobular capillary hemangioma. An immunohistochemical study including steroid hormone receptor status","volume":"97","author":"Nichols GE","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nichols GE, Gaffey MJ, Mills SE, Weiss LM. Lobular capillary hemangioma. An immunohistochemical study including steroid hormone receptor status. Am J Clin Pathol. 1992, 97:770-5. 10.1093\/ajcp\/97.6.770","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-4182(01)80019-3","article-title":"Pyogenic granuloma following oculoplastic procedures: An imbalance in angiogenesis regulation?","volume":"36","author":"Jordan DR","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jordan DR, Brownstein S, Lee-Wing M, Ashenhurst M. Pyogenic granuloma following oculoplastic procedures: An imbalance in angiogenesis regulation?. Can Jr Oph. 2001, 36:260-268. 10.1016\/S0008-4182(01)80019-3","journal-title":"Can Jr Oph"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(84)90204-2","article-title":"Pyogenic granulomas of the cornea","volume":"29","author":"Googe JM","year":"1984","unstructured":"Googe JM, Mackman G, Peterson MR, et al.. Pyogenic granulomas of the cornea. Survey of Ophthalmology. 1984, 29:188-192. 10.1016\/0039-6257(84)90204-2","journal-title":"Survey of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_183_20","article-title":"Topical timolol for the treatment of conjunctival pyogenic granulomas: Outcomes and effect on intraocular pressure","volume":"68","author":"Nair AG","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nair AG, George RJ, Natarajan S, Jain V. Topical timolol for the treatment of conjunctival pyogenic granulomas: Outcomes and effect on intraocular pressure. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020, 68:2170-4. 10.4103\/ijo.IJO_183_20","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06304-w","article-title":"Immunophenotypic profiles in chalazion and pyogenic granuloma associated with chalazion","volume":"262","author":"Nemoto R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nemoto R, Usui Y, Komatsu H, et al.. Immunophenotypic profiles in chalazion and pyogenic granuloma associated with chalazion. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2024, 262:1329-35. 10.1007\/s00417-023-06304-w","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00130923","article-title":"Pyogenic granuloma","volume":"19","author":"al-Towerki AA","year":"1995","unstructured":"al-Towerki AA. Pyogenic granuloma. Int Ophthalmol. 1995, 19:287-91. 10.1007\/BF00130923","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199312000-00013","article-title":"Pyogenic granuloma after transconjunctival blepharoplasty: a case report","volume":"9","author":"Soll SM","year":"1993","unstructured":"Soll SM, Lisman RD, Charles NC, Palu RN. Pyogenic granuloma after transconjunctival blepharoplasty: a case report. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993, 9:298-301. 10.1097\/00002341-199312000-00013","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.033","article-title":"External levator advancement vs M\u00fcller's muscle-conjunctival resection for correction of upper eyelid involutional ptosis","volume":"140","author":"Ben Simon GJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ben Simon GJ, Lee S, Schwarcz RM, et al.. External levator advancement vs M\u00fcller's muscle-conjunctival resection for correction of upper eyelid involutional ptosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005, 140:426-32. 10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.033","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2025.2516740","article-title":"A simplified sutureless M\u00fcllerectomy for ptosis repair: a case series","volume":"44","author":"Bair H","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bair H, Murdock N, Shebaclo K, et al.. A simplified sutureless M\u00fcllerectomy for ptosis repair: a case series. Orbit. 2025, 44:578-83. 10.1080\/01676830.2025.2516740","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-016-0221-1","article-title":"Modified Hughes procedure for reconstruction of large full-thickness lower eyelid defects following tumor resection","volume":"21","author":"Hishmi AM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hishmi AM, Koch KR, Matthaei M, et al.. Modified Hughes procedure for reconstruction of large full-thickness lower eyelid defects following tumor resection. Eur J Med Res. 2016, 21:27. 10.1186\/s40001-016-0221-1","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2015.1057293","article-title":"Rotational flap repair of full thickness eyelid defects without a posterior lamellar graft or flap","volume":"34","author":"McNutt SA","year":"2015","unstructured":"McNutt SA, Weber AC, Costin BR, et al.. Rotational flap repair of full thickness eyelid defects without a posterior lamellar graft or flap. Orbit. 2015, 34:268-73. 10.3109\/01676830.2015.1057293","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iop.0000148408.51615.fe","article-title":"Histopathologic changes in the lacrimal sac of dacryocystorhinostomy patients with and without silicone intubation","volume":"21","author":"Ciftci F","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ciftci F, Er\u015fanli D, Civelek L, et al.. Histopathologic changes in the lacrimal sac of dacryocystorhinostomy patients with and without silicone intubation. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005, 21:59-64. 10.1097\/01.iop.0000148408.51615.fe","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.11.059","article-title":"Pyogenic granulomas after silicone punctal plugs: a clinical and histopathologic study","volume":"139","author":"Kim BM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim BM, Osmanovic SS, Edward DP. Pyogenic granulomas after silicone punctal plugs: a clinical and histopathologic study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005, 139:678-84. 10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.11.059","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e318031d62a","article-title":"Lodged intracanalicular plugs as a cause of lacrimal obstruction","volume":"23","author":"Mazow ML","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mazow ML, McCall T, Prager TC. Lodged intracanalicular plugs as a cause of lacrimal obstruction. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007, 23:138-42. 10.1097\/IOP.0b013e318031d62a","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01676831003664376","article-title":"Complications of intracanalicular plugs: a case series","volume":"29","author":"Joganathan V","year":"2010","unstructured":"Joganathan V, Mehta P, Murray A, Durrani OM. Complications of intracanalicular plugs: a case series. Orbit. 2010, 29:271-3. 10.3109\/01676831003664376","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2224","article-title":"Montgomery and informed consent: where are we now?","volume":"357","author":"Chan SW","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chan SW, Tulloch E, Cooper ES, et al.. Montgomery and informed consent: where are we now?. BMJ. 2017, 357:j2224. 10.1136\/bmj.j2224","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Total lower lid reconstruction: technical details","volume":"74","author":"Hughes WL","year":"1976","unstructured":"Hughes WL. Total lower lid reconstruction: technical details. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1976, 74:321-9.","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13961","article-title":"Medically uncontrolled conjunctival pyogenic granulomas: correlation between clinical characteristics and histological findings","volume":"8","author":"Wu D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu D, Qian T, Nakao T, et al.. Medically uncontrolled conjunctival pyogenic granulomas: correlation between clinical characteristics and histological findings. Oncotarget. 2017, 8:2020-4. 10.18632\/oncotarget.13961","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2020.1852579","article-title":"Single-stage repair of large full thickness lower eyelid defects using free tarsoconjunctival graft and transposition flap: experience and outcomes","volume":"41","author":"Pham CM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pham CM, Heinze KD, Mendes-Rufino-Uehara M, Setabutr P. Single-stage repair of large full thickness lower eyelid defects using free tarsoconjunctival graft and transposition flap: experience and outcomes. Orbit. 2022, 41:178-83. 10.1080\/01676830.2020.1852579","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.123.4.385","article-title":"Complications of the transconjunctival approach. A review of 400 cases","volume":"123","author":"Mullins JB","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mullins JB, Holds JB, Branham GH, Thomas JR. Complications of the transconjunctival approach. A review of 400 cases. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997, 123:385-8. 10.1001\/archoto.123.4.385","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5161","article-title":"Rates and risk factors for unfavorable outcomes 6 weeks after trichiasis surgery","volume":"52","author":"Gower EW","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gower EW, Merbs SL, Munoz BE, et al.. Rates and risk factors for unfavorable outcomes 6 weeks after trichiasis surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011, 52:2704-11. 10.1167\/iovs.10-5161","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.07.079","article-title":"Internal cantholysis for repair of moderate and large full-thickness eyelid defects","volume":"120","author":"Perry JD","year":"2013","unstructured":"Perry JD, Mehta MP, Lewis CD. Internal cantholysis for repair of moderate and large full-thickness eyelid defects. Ophthalmology. 2013, 120:410-4. 10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.07.079","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002464","article-title":"Canthal V-plasty for floppy eyelid surgery","volume":"7","author":"Phillips ME","year":"2019","unstructured":"Phillips ME, Fowler BT, Dryden SC, Fleming JC. Canthal V-plasty for floppy eyelid surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2019, 7:e2464. 10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002464","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-018-01305-1","article-title":"Histopathological characteristics of the orbicularis oculi muscle after lower blepharoplasty with or without myotomy","volume":"43","author":"Lessa S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lessa S, Pontello J, Wanick R, et al.. Histopathological characteristics of the orbicularis oculi muscle after lower blepharoplasty with or without myotomy. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2019, 43:673-9. 10.1007\/s00266-018-01305-1","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001653","article-title":"Case report: crying blood","volume":"98","author":"Idowu OO","year":"2021","unstructured":"Idowu OO, Kaidonis G, Husain S, Winn BJ. Case report: crying blood. Optom Vis Sci. 2021, 98:217-21. 10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001653","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000525","article-title":"Infarcted tarsal pyogenic granuloma simulating malignant melanoma","volume":"33","author":"Charles NC","year":"2017","unstructured":"Charles NC, Kahn JB. Infarcted tarsal pyogenic granuloma simulating malignant melanoma. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017, 33:S33-4. 10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000525","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.17029","article-title":"Conjunctival pyogenic granuloma masquerading as malignant melanoma","volume":"13","author":"Rao PR","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rao PR, Furniturewala AU, Gopinathan I, Nair AG. Conjunctival pyogenic granuloma masquerading as malignant melanoma. Cureus. 2021, 13:e17029. 10.7759\/cureus.17029","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000006160","article-title":"Pyogenic granuloma diagnosis and management: a practical review","volume":"12","author":"Kaleeny JD","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaleeny JD, Janis JE. Pyogenic granuloma diagnosis and management: a practical review. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2024, 12:e6160. 10.1097\/GOX.0000000000006160","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympdx.2020.100035","article-title":"Conjunctival pyogenic granuloma","volume":"4","author":"Yoshida H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yoshida H, Tominaga S, Makino S. Conjunctival pyogenic granuloma. J Pediatr X. 2020, 4:100035. 10.1016\/j.ympdx.2020.100035","journal-title":"J Pediatr X"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001116","article-title":"Ophthalmic pyogenic granulomas treated with topical timolol-clinical features of 17 cases","volume":"34","author":"DeMaria LN","year":"2018","unstructured":"DeMaria LN, Silverman NK, Shinder R. Ophthalmic pyogenic granulomas treated with topical timolol-clinical features of 17 cases. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018, 34:579-82. 10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001116","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2017.1279652","article-title":"Malignant fibrous histiocytoma masquerading as pyogenic granuloma","volume":"36","author":"Gounder P","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gounder P, Lam M, Vinciullo C, de Sousa JL. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma masquerading as pyogenic granuloma. Orbit. 2017, 36:122-3. 10.1080\/01676830.2017.1279652","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12251","article-title":"Chronic red eye due to amelanotic conjuctival melanoma masquerading as pyogenic granuloma. More than meets the eye","volume":"98","author":"Kopsachilis N","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kopsachilis N, Chatzibougias D, Ziakas N, et al.. Chronic red eye due to amelanotic conjuctival melanoma masquerading as pyogenic granuloma. More than meets the eye. Clin Exp Optom. 2015, 98:283-5. 10.1111\/cxo.12251","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-312960","article-title":"Pyogenic granuloma associated with conjunctival epithelial neoplasia: report of nine cases","volume":"103","author":"Herwig-Carl MC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Herwig-Carl MC, Grossniklaus HE, M\u00fcller PL, et al.. Pyogenic granuloma associated with conjunctival epithelial neoplasia: report of nine cases. Br J Ophthalmol. 2019, 103:1469-74. 10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-312960","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/487670-postoperative-eyelid-pyogenic-granuloma-a-systematic-review-of-clinical-features-surgical-associations-and-management","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:04:01Z","timestamp":1777907041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/487670-postoperative-eyelid-pyogenic-granuloma-a-systematic-review-of-clinical-features-surgical-associations-and-management"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"references-count":39,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.108239","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]}}}