{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:42:03Z","timestamp":1792291323793,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.108275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T06:43:34Z","timestamp":1777963414000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gallbladder Perforation: A 23-Year Study of 100 Patients and Evolving Management Strategies"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Vivek","family":"Tandon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Govil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supreet","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonam","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suryalok Pratap","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4318\/tjg.2011.0246","article-title":"Gallbladder perforation: clinical presentation, predisposing factors, and surgical outcomes of 46 patients","volume":"22","author":"Der\u0131c\u0131 H","year":"2011","unstructured":"Der\u0131c\u0131 H, Kamer E, Kara C, \u00dcnalp HR, Tansu\u011f T, Bozda\u011f AD, Nazli O. Gallbladder perforation: clinical presentation, predisposing factors, and surgical outcomes of 46 patients. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2011, 22:505-12.","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-193499060-00005","article-title":"Acute free perforation of the gall-bladder","volume":"99","author":"Niemeier OW","year":"1934","unstructured":"Niemeier OW. Acute free perforation of the gall-bladder. Ann Surg. 1934, 99:922-4. 10.1097\/00000658-193499060-00005","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2011.12.004","article-title":"Gallbladder perforation: case series and systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Date RS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Date RS, Thrumurthy SG, Whiteside S, Umer MA, Pursnani KG, Ward JB, Mughal MM. Gallbladder perforation: case series and systematic review. Int J Surg. 2012, 10:63-8. 10.1016\/j.ijsu.2011.12.004","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2021.08.011","article-title":"Gallbladder perforation: a single-center experience in north India and a step-up approach for management","volume":"21","author":"Gupta V","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gupta V, Chandra A, Gupta V, Patel R, Dangi A, Pai A. Gallbladder perforation: a single-center experience in north India and a step-up approach for management. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2022, 21:168-74. 10.1016\/j.hbpd.2021.08.011","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-5190-5","article-title":"Outcome of acute perforated cholecystitis: a register study of over 5000 cases from a quality control database in Germany","volume":"31","author":"Jansen S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jansen S, Doerner J, Macher-Heidrich S, Zirngibl H, Ambe PC. Outcome of acute perforated cholecystitis: a register study of over 5000 cases from a quality control database in Germany. Surg Endosc. 2017, 31:1896-900. 10.1007\/s00464-016-5190-5","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-014-0121-1","article-title":"Cross-sectional imaging of perforated gallbladder","volume":"39","author":"Seyal AR","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seyal AR, Parekh K, Gonzalez-Guindalini FD, Nikolaidis P, Miller FH, Yaghmai V. Cross-sectional imaging of perforated gallbladder. Abdom Imaging. 2014, 39:853-74. 10.1007\/s00261-014-0121-1","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2016\/20158.8318","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of ultrasonography and cross-sectional imaging in determining gallbladder perforation in accordance with Niemeier\u2019s classification","volume":"10","author":"Boruah DK","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boruah DK, Sanyal S, Sharma BK, Boruah DR. Comparative evaluation of ultrasonography and cross-sectional imaging in determining gallbladder perforation in accordance with Niemeier\u2019s classification. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016, 10:TC15-8. 10.7860\/JCDR\/2016\/20158.8318","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-1433.2004.03186.x","article-title":"Current management of gall bladder perforations","volume":"74","author":"Menakuru SR","year":"2004","unstructured":"Menakuru SR, Kaman L, Behera A, Singh R, Katariya RN. Current management of gall bladder perforations. ANZ J Surg. 2004, 74:843-6. 10.1111\/j.1445-1433.2004.03186.x","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14701\/kjhbps.2015.19.1.6","article-title":"Gallbladder perforation: a single center experience of 32 cases","volume":"19","author":"Gunasekaran G","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gunasekaran G, Naik D, Gupta A, Bhandari V, Kuppusamy M, Kumar G, Chishi NS. Gallbladder perforation: a single center experience of 32 cases. Korean J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2015, 19:6-10. 10.14701\/kjhbps.2015.19.1.6","journal-title":"Korean J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(79)90056-4","article-title":"Perforation of the gallbladder: a frequently mismanaged condition","volume":"137","author":"Roslyn J","year":"1979","unstructured":"Roslyn J, Busuttil RW. Perforation of the gallbladder: a frequently mismanaged condition. Am J Surg. 1979, 137:307-12. 10.1016\/0002-9610(79)90056-4","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2007.052175","article-title":"Percutaneous transhepatic gall bladder drainage: a better initial therapeutic choice for patients with gall bladder perforation in the emergency department","volume":"24","author":"Huang CC","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huang CC, Lo HC, Tzeng YM, et al.. Percutaneous transhepatic gall bladder drainage: a better initial therapeutic choice for patients with gall bladder perforation in the emergency department. Emerg Med J. 2007, 24:836-40. 10.1136\/emj.2007.052175","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1020-3932","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage, transpapillary drainage, or percutaneous drainage in high risk acute cholecystitis patients: a systematic review and comparative meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Mohan BP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohan BP, Khan SR, Trakroo S, Ponnada S, Jayaraj M, Asokkumar R, Adler DG. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage, transpapillary drainage, or percutaneous drainage in high risk acute cholecystitis patients: a systematic review and comparative meta-analysis. Endoscopy. 2020, 52:96-106. 10.1055\/a-1020-3932","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Gallbladder perforation: a rare complication of acute cholecystitis","volume":"60","author":"Khan SA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Khan SA, Gulfam, Anwer AW, Arshad Z, Hameed K, Shoaib M. Gallbladder perforation: a rare complication of acute cholecystitis. J Pak Med Assoc. 2010, 60:228-9.","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.06.009","article-title":"Comparative analysis of MDCT and MRI in diagnosing chronic gallstone perforation and ileus","volume":"84","author":"Liang X","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liang X, Li W, Zhao B, Zhang L, Cheng Y. Comparative analysis of MDCT and MRI in diagnosing chronic gallstone perforation and ileus. Eur J Radiol. 2015, 84:1835-42. 10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.06.009","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-012-2344-y","article-title":"Can early laparoscopic cholecystectomy be the optimal management of cholecystitis with gallbladder perforation? A single institute experience of 74 cases","volume":"26","author":"Lo HC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lo HC, Wang YC, Su LT, Hsieh CH. Can early laparoscopic cholecystectomy be the optimal management of cholecystitis with gallbladder perforation? A single institute experience of 74 cases. Surg Endosc. 2012, 26:3301-6. 10.1007\/s00464-012-2344-y","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24875\/CIRU.M18000032","article-title":"Gallstone ileus, surgical management review (Article in Spanish)","volume":"86","author":"Salazar-Jim\u00e9nez MI","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salazar-Jim\u00e9nez MI, Alvarado-Dur\u00e1n J, Ferm\u00edn-Contreras MR, Rivero-Y\u00e1\u00f1ez F, Lupian-Angulo AI, Herrera-Gonz\u00e1lez A. Gallstone ileus, surgical management review (Article in Spanish). Cir Cir. 2018, 86:182-6. 10.24875\/CIRU.M18000032","journal-title":"Cir Cir"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rgmx.2016.10.010","article-title":"Cholecystoduodenal fistula, an infrequent complication of cholelithiasis: our experience in its surgical management","volume":"82","author":"Aguilar-Espinosa F","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aguilar-Espinosa F, Maza-S\u00e1nchez R, Vargas-Sol\u00eds F, Guerrero-Mart\u00ednez GA, Medina-Reyes JL, Flores-Quiroz PI. Cholecystoduodenal fistula, an infrequent complication of cholelithiasis: our experience in its surgical management. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2017, 82:287-95. 10.1016\/j.rgmx.2016.10.010","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Mex"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3282eeb520","article-title":"Intrahepatic perforation of the gall bladder presenting as liver abscess: case report, review of literature and Niemeier's classification","volume":"20","author":"Kochar K","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kochar K, Vallance K, Mathew G, Jadhav V. Intrahepatic perforation of the gall bladder presenting as liver abscess: case report, review of literature and Niemeier's classification. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008, 20:240-4. 10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3282eeb520","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10018-1289","article-title":"Gallbladder perforation: a prospective study of its divergent appearance and management","volume":"9","author":"Patel G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patel G, Jain A, Kumar RB, Singh N, Karim T, Mishra R. Gallbladder perforation: a prospective study of its divergent appearance and management. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol. 2019, 9:14-9. 10.5005\/jp-journals-10018-1289","journal-title":"Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/486489-gallbladder-perforation-a-23-year-study-of-100-patients-and-evolving-management-strategies","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T06:43:34Z","timestamp":1777963414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/486489-gallbladder-perforation-a-23-year-study-of-100-patients-and-evolving-management-strategies"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.108275","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]}}}