{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T11:12:45Z","timestamp":1777979565950,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.108287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T10:31:48Z","timestamp":1777977108000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Albuminuria and Premature Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in U.S. Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2018"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Helen","family":"Oletu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akinyele","family":"Oladimeji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gift","family":"Ojukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ifunanya R","family":"Ekeocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Okwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azeberoje","family":"Osueni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emeka K","family":"Okobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Okobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onyekachi O","family":"Anya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nnaemeka H","family":"Ugwuchukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olaoluwa M","family":"Adeyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.47902","article-title":"Cardiovascular health score and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Million Veteran Program","volume":"7","author":"Nguyen XT","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nguyen XT, Li Y, Gong Y, et al.. Cardiovascular health score and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Million Veteran Program. JAMA Netw Open. 2024, 7:e2447902. 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.47902","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae240","article-title":"Early-onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","volume":"32","author":"Mousavi I","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mousavi I, Suffredini J, Virani SS, et al.. Early-onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2025, 32:100-12. 10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae240","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012178","article-title":"Premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: trends in incidence, risk factors, and sex-related differences, 2000 to 2016","volume":"8","author":"Vikulova DN","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vikulova DN, Grubisic M, Zhao Y, Lynch K, Humphries KH, Pimstone SN, Brunham LR. Premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: trends in incidence, risk factors, and sex-related differences, 2000 to 2016. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019, 8:e012178. 10.1161\/JAHA.119.012178","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.020890","article-title":"Racial disparities in modifiable risk factors and statin usage in black patients with familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"10","author":"Agarwala A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agarwala A, Bekele N, Deych E, et al.. Racial disparities in modifiable risk factors and statin usage in black patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021, 10:e020890. 10.1161\/JAHA.121.020890","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-32462-4","article-title":"Albuminuria as a non-invasive biomarker of endothelial dysfunction in patients with COPD","volume":"16","author":"Moaaz M","year":"2026","unstructured":"Moaaz M, Mourad S, Baess A, Sweed R. Albuminuria as a non-invasive biomarker of endothelial dysfunction in patients with COPD. Sci Rep. 2026, 16:799. 10.1038\/s41598-025-32462-4","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001674","article-title":"Microvascular endothelial dysfunction is associated with albuminuria: the Maastricht Study","volume":"36","author":"Martens RJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martens RJ, Houben AJ, Kooman JP, et al.. Microvascular endothelial dysfunction is associated with albuminuria: the Maastricht Study. J Hypertens. 2018, 36:1178-87. 10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001674","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60674-5","article-title":"Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis","volume":"375","author":"Matsushita K","year":"2010","unstructured":"Matsushita K, van der Velde M, Astor BC, et al.. Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010, 375:2073-81. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60674-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010546","article-title":"Albuminuria as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"8","author":"Mok Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mok Y, Ballew SH, Sang Y, et al.. Albuminuria as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019, 8:e010546. 10.1161\/JAHA.118.010546","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaa095","article-title":"Association between albuminuria, incident cardiovascular events, and mortality in persons without hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"29","author":"\u00c4rnl\u00f6v J","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u00c4rnl\u00f6v J, Nowak C. Association between albuminuria, incident cardiovascular events, and mortality in persons without hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2022, 29:e4-6. 10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaa095","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae189","article-title":"The relationship between low levels of albuminuria and mortality among adults without major cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"31","author":"Claudel SE","year":"2024","unstructured":"Claudel SE, Waikar SS, Schmidt IM, Vasan RS, Verma A. The relationship between low levels of albuminuria and mortality among adults without major cardiovascular risk factors. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2024, 31:2046-55. 10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae189","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.071079","article-title":"Albuminuria in cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic disorders: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"151","author":"Claudel SE","year":"2025","unstructured":"Claudel SE, Verma A. Albuminuria in cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic disorders: a state-of-the-art review. Circulation. 2025, 151:716-32. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.071079","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.903660","article-title":"Albuminuria and endothelial dysfunction in patients with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease","volume":"23","author":"Huang MJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang MJ, Wei RB, Zhao J, Su TY, Li QP, Yang X, Chen XM. Albuminuria and endothelial dysfunction in patients with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease. Med Sci Monit. 2017, 23:4447-53. 10.12659\/msm.903660","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10010018","article-title":"Oxidative stress and inflammation in renal and cardiovascular complications of diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Charlton A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Charlton A, Garzarella J, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, Jha JC. Oxidative stress and inflammation in renal and cardiovascular complications of diabetes. Biology (Basel). 2020, 10:18. 10.3390\/biology10010018","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000500782","article-title":"Low-grade albuminuria is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertension","volume":"44","author":"Wang T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang T, Zhong H, Lian G, Cai X, Gong J, Ye C, Xie L. Low-grade albuminuria is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertension. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2019, 44:590-603. 10.1159\/000500782","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16359","article-title":"Developments in albuminuria testing: a key biomarker for detection, prognosis and surveillance of kidney and cardiovascular disease-a practical update for clinicians","volume":"27 Suppl 8","author":"Beernink JM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Beernink JM, van Mil D, Laverman GD, Heerspink HJ, Gansevoort RT. Developments in albuminuria testing: a key biomarker for detection, prognosis and surveillance of kidney and cardiovascular disease-a practical update for clinicians. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025, 27 Suppl 8:15-33. 10.1111\/dom.16359","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.030131","article-title":"Albuminuria: an underappreciated risk factor for cardiovascular disease","volume":"13","author":"Barzilay JI","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barzilay JI, Farag YM, Durthaler J. Albuminuria: an underappreciated risk factor for cardiovascular disease\r\n. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024, 13:e030131. 10.1161\/JAHA.123.030131","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.4867","article-title":"Association of longitudinal trajectory of albuminuria in young adulthood with myocardial structure and function in later life: coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study","volume":"5","author":"Patel RB","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patel RB, Colangelo LA, Reis JP, Lima JA, Shah SJ, Lloyd-Jones DM. Association of longitudinal trajectory of albuminuria in young adulthood with myocardial structure and function in later life: coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study. JAMA Cardiol. 2020, 5:184-92. 10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.4867","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.09.034","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in albuminuria in individuals with estimated GFR greater than 60 mL\/min\/1.73 m(2): results from the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP)","volume":"55","author":"Jolly SE","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jolly SE, Burrows NR, Chen SC, et al.. Racial and ethnic differences in albuminuria in individuals with estimated GFR greater than 60 mL\/min\/1.73 m(2): results from the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP). Am J Kidney Dis. 2010, 55:S15-22. 10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.09.034","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1544590","article-title":"Differential cardiovascular risk profiles by sex among adults with CKD: a NHANES-based analysis","volume":"12","author":"Belikoff HT","year":"2025","unstructured":"Belikoff HT, Walsan R, Hildreth CM, Phillips JK. Differential cardiovascular risk profiles by sex among adults with CKD: a NHANES-based analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2025, 12:1544590. 10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1544590","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0318736","article-title":"Association between cardiometabolic index and albuminuria: evidence from NHANES 2017-2020","volume":"20","author":"Xu Q","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu Q, Lin J, Liao L, Hu J, Lu J. Association between cardiometabolic index and albuminuria: evidence from NHANES 2017-2020. PLoS One. 2025, 20:e0318736. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0318736","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). (2026). Accessed. March 24, 2026: https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/search\/default.aspx."},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Stata. (2025). Accessed. March 24, 2026: https:\/\/www.stata.com\/."}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/483895-albuminuria-and-premature-atherosclerotic-cardiovascular-disease-in-us-adults-a-cross-sectional-analysis-of-the-national-health-and-nutrition-examination-survey-2011-2018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T10:31:53Z","timestamp":1777977113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/483895-albuminuria-and-premature-atherosclerotic-cardiovascular-disease-in-us-adults-a-cross-sectional-analysis-of-the-national-health-and-nutrition-examination-survey-2011-2018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"references-count":22,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.108287","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]}}}