{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T09:12:06Z","timestamp":1778145126523,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.108410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T08:24:05Z","timestamp":1778142245000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Monomeric C-reactive Protein as a Mediator of Chronic Inflammation in Obesity"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Alina","family":"Pentek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anca","family":"Bac\u00e2rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI92035","article-title":"Inflammatory mechanisms linking obesity and metabolic disease","volume":"127","author":"Saltiel AR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saltiel AR, Olefsky JM. Inflammatory mechanisms linking obesity and metabolic disease. J Clin Invest. 2017, 127:1-4. 10.1172\/JCI92035","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5076732","article-title":"Latent inflammation and insulin resistance in adipose tissue","volume":"2017","author":"Stafeev IS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stafeev IS, Vorotnikov AV, Ratner EI, Menshikov MY, Parfyonova YV. Latent inflammation and insulin resistance in adipose tissue. Int J Endocrinol. 2017, 2017:5076732. 10.1155\/2017\/5076732","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.12.013","article-title":"Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders","volume":"55","author":"Rohm TV","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rohm TV, Meier DT, Olefsky JM, Donath MY. Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders. Immunity. 2022, 55:31-55. 10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.12.013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.264","article-title":"Inflammatory lipid mediators in adipocyte function and obesity","volume":"6","author":"Iyer A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Iyer A, Fairlie DP, Prins JB, Hammock BD, Brown L. Inflammatory lipid mediators in adipocyte function and obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010, 6:71-82. 10.1038\/nrendo.2009.264","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000381224","article-title":"Fatty acids, obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"8","author":"Arner P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arner P, Ryd\u00e9n M. Fatty acids, obesity and insulin resistance. Obes Facts. 2015, 8:147-55. 10.1159\/000381224","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000163635.62927.34","article-title":"Adipose tissue, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"96","author":"Berg AH","year":"2005","unstructured":"Berg AH, Scherer PE. Adipose tissue, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 2005, 96:939-49. 10.1161\/01.RES.0000163635.62927.34","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/535918","article-title":"Inflammation, a link between obesity and cardiovascular disease","volume":"2010","author":"Wang Z","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang Z, Nakayama T. Inflammation, a link between obesity and cardiovascular disease. Mediators Inflamm. 2010, 2010:535918. 10.1155\/2010\/535918","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/678159","article-title":"Obesity and inflammation: epidemiology, risk factors, and markers of inflammation","volume":"2013","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Hern\u00e1ndez H","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Hern\u00e1ndez H, Simental-Mend\u00eda LE, Rodr\u00edguez-Ram\u00edrez G, Reyes-Romero MA. Obesity and inflammation: epidemiology, risk factors, and markers of inflammation. Int J Endocrinol. 2013, 2013:678159. 10.1155\/2013\/678159","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16132135","article-title":"Evaluation of fasting glucose-insulin-C-peptide-derived metabolic indices for identifying metabolic syndrome in young, healthy adults","volume":"16","author":"Kosovski IB","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kosovski IB, Ghiga D, Ciurea CN, Cucoranu DC, Demian L, Gliga FI, Bac\u00e2rea A. Evaluation of fasting glucose-insulin-C-peptide-derived metabolic indices for identifying metabolic syndrome in young, healthy adults. Nutrients. 2024, 16:2135. 10.3390\/nu16132135","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2015.05.010","article-title":"Age cut-off for type 2 diabetes mellitus screening amongst young adults from Mures District, Romania--a pilot study","volume":"9","author":"Bac\u00e2rea A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bac\u00e2rea A, Tarcea M, Bo\u0163ianu PV, Ru\u0163\u0103 F, Bac\u00e2rea V. Age cut-off for type 2 diabetes mellitus screening amongst young adults from Mures District, Romania--a pilot study. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2015, 9:527-30. 10.1016\/j.orcp.2015.05.010","journal-title":"Obes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16020257","article-title":"Exploring the link between inflammatory biomarkers and adipometrics in healthy young adults aged 20-35 years","volume":"16","author":"Kosovski IB","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kosovski IB, Bac\u00e2rea V, Ghiga D, Ciurea CN, Cucoranu DC, Hutanu A, Bac\u00e2rea A. Exploring the link between inflammatory biomarkers and adipometrics in healthy young adults aged 20-35 years. Nutrients. 2024, 16:257. 10.3390\/nu16020257","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000127085.32999.64","article-title":"C-reactive protein: structure affects function","volume":"109","author":"Verma S","year":"2004","unstructured":"Verma S, Szmitko PE, Yeh ET. C-reactive protein: structure affects function. Circulation. 2004, 109:1914-7. 10.1161\/01.CIR.0000127085.32999.64","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases11030107","article-title":"Is there a new road to spinal cord injury rehabilitation? A case report about the effects of driving a Go-Kart on muscle spasticity","volume":"11","author":"Far\u00ec G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Far\u00ec G, Ranieri M, Marvulli R, et al.. Is there a new road to spinal cord injury rehabilitation? A case report about the effects of driving a Go-Kart on muscle spasticity. Diseases. 2023, 11:107. 10.3390\/diseases11030107","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007124","article-title":"Dissociation of pentameric to monomeric C-reactive protein localizes and aggravates inflammation: in vivo proof of a powerful proinflammatory mechanism and a new anti-inflammatory strategy","volume":"130","author":"Thiele JR","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thiele JR, Habersberger J, Braig D, et al.. Dissociation of pentameric to monomeric C-reactive protein localizes and aggravates inflammation: in vivo proof of a powerful proinflammatory mechanism and a new anti-inflammatory strategy. Circulation. 2014, 130:35-50. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007124","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.8.23.10068","article-title":"C-reactive protein: how conformational changes influence inflammatory properties","volume":"8","author":"Eisenhardt SU","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eisenhardt SU, Thiele JR, Bannasch H, Stark GB, Peter K. C-reactive protein: how conformational changes influence inflammatory properties. Cell Cycle. 2009, 8:3885-92. 10.4161\/cc.8.23.10068","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032634","article-title":"Modulation of NBAS-related functions in the early response to SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"24","author":"Granata V","year":"2023","unstructured":"Granata V, Pagani I, Morenghi E, et al.. Modulation of NBAS-related functions in the early response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Int J Mol Sci. 2023, 24:2634. 10.3390\/ijms24032634","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S485050","article-title":"Circulating levels of the proinflammatory monomeric isoform of C-reactive protein (mCRP) correlate with intra-tumoral mCRP abundance in stage II-III colon cancer patients","volume":"18","author":"Fuglestad AJ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fuglestad AJ, Bousquet PA, K\u00f8stner AH, et al.. Circulating levels of the proinflammatory monomeric isoform of C-reactive protein (mCRP) correlate with intra-tumoral mCRP abundance in stage II-III colon cancer patients. J Inflamm Res. 2025, 18:7115-25. 10.2147\/JIR.S485050","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.866379","article-title":"Monomeric C-reactive protein: current perspectives for utilization and inclusion as a prognostic indicator and therapeutic target","volume":"13","author":"Slevin M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Slevin M, Heidari N, Azamfirei L. Monomeric C-reactive protein: current perspectives for utilization and inclusion as a prognostic indicator and therapeutic target. Front Immunol. 2022, 13:866379. 10.3389\/fimmu.2022.866379","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-023-01402-z","article-title":"Association of mTOR pathway and conformational alterations in C-reactive protein in neurodegenerative diseases and infections","volume":"43","author":"Poddar NK","year":"2023","unstructured":"Poddar NK, Khan A, Fatima F, Saxena A, Ghaley G, Khan S. Association of mTOR pathway and conformational alterations in C-reactive protein in neurodegenerative diseases and infections. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2023, 43:3815-32. 10.1007\/s10571-023-01402-z","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5922","article-title":"Presence of multimeric isoforms of human C-reactive protein in tissues and blood","volume":"14","author":"Li Q","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li Q, Xu W, Xue X, et al.. Presence of multimeric isoforms of human C-reactive protein in tissues and blood. Mol Med Rep. 2016, 14:5461-6. 10.3892\/mmr.2016.5922","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.598566","article-title":"Adipocytes are the control tower that manages adipose tissue immunity by regulating lipid metabolism","volume":"11","author":"Park J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park J, Sohn JH, Han SM, Park YJ, Huh JY, Choe SS, Kim JB. Adipocytes are the control tower that manages adipose tissue immunity by regulating lipid metabolism. Front Immunol. 2020, 11:598566. 10.3389\/fimmu.2020.598566","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14188","article-title":"Transitional changes in the CRP structure lead to the exposure of proinflammatory binding sites","volume":"8","author":"Braig D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Braig D, Nero TL, Koch HG, et al.. Transitional changes in the CRP structure lead to the exposure of proinflammatory binding sites. Nat Commun. 2017, 8:14188. 10.1038\/ncomms14188","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.044495","article-title":"C-reactive protein exists in an NaCl concentration-dependent pentamer-decamer equilibrium in physiological buffer","volume":"285","author":"Okemefuna AI","year":"2010","unstructured":"Okemefuna AI, Stach L, Rana S, Buetas AJ, Gor J, Perkins SJ. C-reactive protein exists in an NaCl concentration-dependent pentamer-decamer equilibrium in physiological buffer. J Biol Chem. 2010, 285:1041-52. 10.1074\/jbc.M109.044495","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1237729","article-title":"C-reactive protein: a target for therapy to reduce inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Rizo-T\u00e9llez SA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rizo-T\u00e9llez SA, Sekheri M, Filep JG. C-reactive protein: a target for therapy to reduce inflammation. Front Immunol. 2023, 14:1237729. 10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1237729","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109238","article-title":"Obesity associated molecular forms of C-reactive protein in human","volume":"9","author":"Asztalos BF","year":"2014","unstructured":"Asztalos BF, Horan MS, Horvath KV, McDermott AY, Chalasani NP, Schaefer EJ. Obesity associated molecular forms of C-reactive protein in human. PLoS One. 2014, 9:e109238. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0109238","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvr226","article-title":"Monomeric C-reactive protein is prothrombotic and dissociates from circulating pentameric C-reactive protein on adhered activated platelets under flow","volume":"92","author":"Molins B","year":"2011","unstructured":"Molins B, Pe\u00f1a E, de la Torre R, Badimon L. Monomeric C-reactive protein is prothrombotic and dissociates from circulating pentameric C-reactive protein on adhered activated platelets under flow. Cardiovasc Res. 2011, 92:328-37. 10.1093\/cvr\/cvr226","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0059-4","article-title":"Inflammaging: a new immune-metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases","volume":"14","author":"Franceschi C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Parini P, Giuliani C, Santoro A. Inflammaging: a new immune-metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018, 14:576-90. 10.1038\/s41574-018-0059-4","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2599","article-title":"The origins of age-related proinflammatory state","volume":"105","author":"Ferrucci L","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ferrucci L, Corsi A, Lauretani F, et al.. The origins of age-related proinflammatory state. Blood. 2005, 105:2294-9. 10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2599","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(01)00042-6","article-title":"Human C-reactive protein: expression, structure, and function","volume":"38","author":"Volanakis JE","year":"2001","unstructured":"Volanakis JE. Human C-reactive protein: expression, structure, and function. Mol Immunol. 2001, 38:189-97. 10.1016\/S0161-5890(01)00042-6","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902113400607","article-title":"Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation","volume":"340","author":"Gabay C","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gabay C, Kushner I. Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. N Engl J Med. 1999, 340:448-54. 10.1056\/NEJM199902113400607","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R400025200","article-title":"C-reactive protein","volume":"279","author":"Black S","year":"2004","unstructured":"Black S, Kushner I, Samols D. C-reactive protein. J Biol Chem. 2004, 279:48487-90. 10.1074\/jbc.R400025200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI18921","article-title":"C-reactive protein: a critical update","volume":"111","author":"Pepys MB","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pepys MB, Hirschfield GM. C-reactive protein: a critical update. J Clin Invest. 2003, 111:1805-12. 10.1172\/JCI18921","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2006.02399.x","article-title":"Control of the innate epithelial antimicrobial response is cell-type specific and dependent on relevant microenvironmental stimuli","volume":"118","author":"Schauber J","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schauber J, Dorschner RA, Yamasaki K, Brouha B, Gallo RL. Control of the innate epithelial antimicrobial response is cell-type specific and dependent on relevant microenvironmental stimuli. Immunology. 2006, 118:509-19. 10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2006.02399.x","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000125527.41598.68","article-title":"Conformational rearrangement in C-reactive protein is required for proinflammatory actions on human endothelial cells","volume":"109","author":"Khreiss T","year":"2004","unstructured":"Khreiss T, J\u00f3zsef L, Potempa LA, Filep JG. Conformational rearrangement in C-reactive protein is required for proinflammatory actions on human endothelial cells. Circulation. 2004, 109:2016-22. 10.1161\/01.CIR.0000125527.41598.68","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.12309","article-title":"Monomeric C-reactive protein - a feature of inflammatory disease associated with cardiovascular pathophysiological complications?","volume":"35","author":"Zeinolabediny Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zeinolabediny Y, Kumar S, Slevin M. Monomeric C-reactive protein - a feature of inflammatory disease associated with cardiovascular pathophysiological complications?. In Vivo. 2021, 35:693-7. 10.21873\/invivo.12309","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.190611","article-title":"Dissociation of pentameric to monomeric C-reactive protein on activated platelets localizes inflammation to atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"105","author":"Eisenhardt SU","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eisenhardt SU, Habersberger J, Murphy A, et al.. Dissociation of pentameric to monomeric C-reactive protein on activated platelets localizes inflammation to atherosclerotic plaques. Circ Res. 2009, 105:128-37. 10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.190611","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00754","article-title":"Role of C-reactive protein at sites of inflammation and infection","volume":"9","author":"Sproston NR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sproston NR, Ashworth JJ. Role of C-reactive protein at sites of inflammation and infection. Front Immunol. 2018, 9:754. 10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00754","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02126","article-title":"How C-reactive protein structural isoforms with distinctive bioactivities affect disease progression","volume":"11","author":"Rajab IM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rajab IM, Hart PC, Potempa LA. How C-reactive protein structural isoforms with distinctive bioactivities affect disease progression. Front Immunol. 2020, 11:2126. 10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02126","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12339","article-title":"Deep intronic 'mutations' cause hemophilia A: application of next generation sequencing in patients without detectable mutation in F8 cDNA","volume":"11","author":"Pezeshkpoor B","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pezeshkpoor B, Zimmer N, Marquardt N, et al.. Deep intronic 'mutations' cause hemophilia A: application of next generation sequencing in patients without detectable mutation in F8 cDNA. J Thromb Haemost. 2013, 11:1679-87. 10.1111\/jth.12339","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.323456","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species modulator 1 plays an obligate role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy","volume":"134","author":"Martens MD","year":"2024","unstructured":"Martens MD, Holody CD, Wells L, et al.. Reactive oxygen species modulator 1 plays an obligate role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Circ Res. 2024, 134:114-6. 10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.323456","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093738","article-title":"Binding of monomeric C-reactive protein to integrins \u03b1v\u03b23 and \u03b14\u03b21 is related to its pro-inflammatory action","volume":"9","author":"Fujita M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fujita M, Takada YK, Izumiya Y, Takada Y. Binding of monomeric C-reactive protein to integrins \u03b1v\u03b23 and \u03b14\u03b21 is related to its pro-inflammatory action. PLoS One. 2014, 9:e93796.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1264383","article-title":"A biofunctional review of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a mediator of inflammatory and immune responses: differentiating pentameric and modified CRP isoform effects","volume":"14","author":"Olson ME","year":"2023","unstructured":"Olson ME, Hornick MG, Stefanski A, et al.. A biofunctional review of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a mediator of inflammatory and immune responses: differentiating pentameric and modified CRP isoform effects. Front Immunol. 2023, 14:1264383. 10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1264383","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-011-0191-y","article-title":"Opposing effects of monomeric and pentameric C-reactive protein on endothelial progenitor cells","volume":"106","author":"Ahrens I","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ahrens I, Domeij H, Eisenhardt SU, et al.. Opposing effects of monomeric and pentameric C-reactive protein on endothelial progenitor cells. Basic Res Cardiol. 2011, 106:879-95. 10.1007\/s00395-011-0191-y","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2022.02.018","article-title":"Stabilin 1 and 2 are important regulators for cellular uptake of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in zebrafish","volume":"346","author":"Verwilligen RA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Verwilligen RA, Mulder L, Rodenburg FJ, Van Dijke A, Hoekstra M, Bussmann J, Van Eck M. Stabilin 1 and 2 are important regulators for cellular uptake of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in zebrafish. Atherosclerosis. 2022, 346:18-25. 10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2022.02.018","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(99)80023-9","article-title":"The physiological structure of human C-reactive protein and its complex with phosphocholine","volume":"7","author":"Thompson D","year":"1999","unstructured":"Thompson D, Pepys MB, Wood SP. The physiological structure of human C-reactive protein and its complex with phosphocholine. Structure. 1999, 7:169-77. 10.1016\/S0969-2126(99)80023-9","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/653045","article-title":"C-reactive protein: an in-depth look into structure, function, and regulation","volume":"2014","author":"Salazar J","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salazar J, Mart\u00ednez MS, Ch\u00e1vez-Castillo M, et al.. C-reactive protein: an in-depth look into structure, function, and regulation. Int Sch Res Notices. 2014, 2014:653045. 10.1155\/2014\/653045","journal-title":"Int Sch Res Notices"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000092184.43176.91","article-title":"Local generation of C-reactive protein in diseased coronary artery venous bypass grafts and normal vascular tissue","volume":"108","author":"Jabs WJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jabs WJ, Theissing E, Nitschke M, et al.. Local generation of C-reactive protein in diseased coronary artery venous bypass grafts and normal vascular tissue. Circulation. 2003, 108:1428-31. 10.1161\/01.CIR.0000092184.43176.91","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-11-7","article-title":"A significant correlation between C-reactive protein levels in blood monocytes derived macrophages versus content in carotid atherosclerotic lesions","volume":"11","author":"Kaplan M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaplan M, Hamoud S, Tendler Y, Meilin E, Lazarovitch A, Nitecki S, Hayek T. A significant correlation between C-reactive protein levels in blood monocytes derived macrophages versus content in carotid atherosclerotic lesions. J Inflamm (Lond). 2014, 11:7. 10.1186\/1476-9255-11-7","journal-title":"J Inflamm (Lond)"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/326580","article-title":"Insulin resistance, inflammation, and obesity: role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (or CCL2) in the regulation of metabolism","volume":"2010","author":"Rull A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rull A, Camps J, Alonso-Villaverde C, Joven J. Insulin resistance, inflammation, and obesity: role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (or CCL2) in the regulation of metabolism. Mediators Inflamm. 2010, 2010:326580. 10.1155\/2010\/326580","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051305","article-title":"Obesity, bioactive lipids, and adipose tissue inflammation in insulin resistance","volume":"12","author":"Kojta I","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kojta I, Chaci\u0144ska M, B\u0142achnio-Zabielska A. Obesity, bioactive lipids, and adipose tissue inflammation in insulin resistance. Nutrients. 2020, 12:1305. 10.3390\/nu12051305","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.343891","article-title":"Adipose tissue, systematic inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"18","author":"de A Boleti AP","year":"2023","unstructured":"de A Boleti AP, de O Cardoso PH, Frihling BEF, Silva PSE, de Moraes LF, Migliolo L. Adipose tissue, systematic inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res. 2023, 18:38-46. 10.4103\/1673-5374.343891","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665109990206","article-title":"Cellular hypoxia and adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity","volume":"67","author":"Wood IS","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wood IS, Trayhurn P. Cellular hypoxia and adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity. Proc Nutr Soc. 2008, 67:370-7. 10.1017\/S0029665109990206","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S245494","article-title":"The effect of visceral abdominal fat volume on oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines in subjects with normal weight, overweight and obesity","volume":"13","author":"Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez A, G\u00e1mez-Nava JI, D\u00edaz-de la Cruz EN, et al.. The effect of visceral abdominal fat volume on oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines in subjects with normal weight, overweight and obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020, 13:1077-87. 10.2147\/DMSO.S245494","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103570","article-title":"Adipokines and obesity. Potential link to metabolic disorders and chronic complications","volume":"21","author":"Zorena K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zorena K, Jachimowicz-Duda O, \u015al\u0119zak D, Robakowska M, Mrugacz M. Adipokines and obesity. Potential link to metabolic disorders and chronic complications. Int J Mol Sci. 2020, 21:3570. 10.3390\/ijms21103570","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297919110099","article-title":"Latent inflammation and defect in adipocyte renewal as a mechanism of obesity-associated insulin resistance","volume":"84","author":"Vorotnikov AV","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vorotnikov AV, Stafeev IS, Menshikov MY, Shestakova MV, Parfyonova YV. Latent inflammation and defect in adipocyte renewal as a mechanism of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2019, 84:1329-45. 10.1134\/S0006297919110099","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc)"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0025-6","article-title":"Gut microbiota-mediated inflammation in obesity: a link with gastrointestinal cancer","volume":"15","author":"Cani PD","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cani PD, Jordan BF. Gut microbiota-mediated inflammation in obesity: a link with gastrointestinal cancer. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018, 15:671-82. 10.1038\/s41575-018-0025-6","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.11.001","article-title":"The gut microbiota, obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"34","author":"Shen J","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shen J, Obin MS, Zhao L. The gut microbiota, obesity and insulin resistance. Mol Aspects Med. 2013, 34:39-58. 10.1016\/j.mam.2012.11.001","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12506","article-title":"Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers","volume":"500","author":"Le Chatelier E","year":"2013","unstructured":"Le Chatelier E, Nielsen T, Qin J, et al.. Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers. Nature. 2013, 500:541-6. 10.1038\/nature12506","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1491","article-title":"Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"56","author":"Cani PD","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA, et al.. Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2007, 56:1761-72. 10.2337\/db06-1491","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07540","article-title":"A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins","volume":"457","author":"Turnbaugh PJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Turnbaugh PJ, Hamady M, Yatsunenko T, et al.. A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins. Nature. 2009, 457:480-4. 10.1038\/nature07540","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1564607","article-title":"Redefining CRP in tissue injury and repair: more than an acute pro-inflammatory mediator","volume":"16","author":"Potempa M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Potempa M, Hart PC, Rajab IM, Potempa LA. Redefining CRP in tissue injury and repair: more than an acute pro-inflammatory mediator. Front Immunol. 2025, 16:1564607. 10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1564607","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-306928","article-title":"Microbiota and diabetes: an evolving relationship","volume":"63","author":"Tilg H","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tilg H, Moschen AR. Microbiota and diabetes: an evolving relationship. Gut. 2014, 63:1513-21. 10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-306928","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000055188.83694.b3","article-title":"Reciprocal association of C-reactive protein with adiponectin in blood stream and adipose tissue","volume":"107","author":"Ouchi N","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ouchi N, Kihara S, Funahashi T, et al.. Reciprocal association of C-reactive protein with adiponectin in blood stream and adipose tissue. Circulation. 2003, 107:671-4. 10.1161\/01.cir.0000055188.83694.b3","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0502.103331","article-title":"Weight loss reduces C-reactive protein levels in obese postmenopausal women","volume":"105","author":"Tchernof A","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tchernof A, Nolan A, Sites CK, Ades PA, Poehlman ET. Weight loss reduces C-reactive protein levels in obese postmenopausal women. Circulation. 2002, 105:564-9. 10.1161\/hc0502.103331","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3706508","article-title":"Role of C-reactive protein in diabetic inflammation","volume":"2022","author":"Stanimirovic J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stanimirovic J, Radovanovic J, Banjac K, et al.. Role of C-reactive protein in diabetic inflammation. Mediators Inflamm. 2022, 2022:3706508. 10.1155\/2022\/3706508","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1501125","article-title":"Higher monomeric C-reactive protein levels are associated with premature coronary artery disease","volume":"15","author":"Melnikov I","year":"2024","unstructured":"Melnikov I, Kozlov S, Okhota S, et al.. Higher monomeric C-reactive protein levels are associated with premature coronary artery disease. Front Immunol. 2024, 15:1501125. 10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1501125","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2008.00256.x","article-title":"Modified C-reactive protein is expressed by stroke neovessels and is a potent activator of angiogenesis in vitro","volume":"20","author":"Slevin M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Slevin M, Matou-Nasri S, Turu M, et al.. Modified C-reactive protein is expressed by stroke neovessels and is a potent activator of angiogenesis in vitro. Brain Pathol. 2010, 20:151-65. 10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2008.00256.x","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01167","article-title":"C-reactive protein (CRP) and leptin receptor in obesity: binding of monomeric CRP to leptin receptor","volume":"9","author":"Sudhakar M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sudhakar M, Silambanan S, Chandran AS, Prabhakaran AA, Ramakrishnan R. C-reactive protein (CRP) and leptin receptor in obesity: binding of monomeric CRP to leptin receptor. Front Immunol. 2018, 9:1167. 10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01167","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/13816128113199990016","article-title":"Role of C reactive protein (CRP) in leptin resistance","volume":"20","author":"Hribal ML","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hribal ML, Fiorentino TV, Sesti G. Role of C reactive protein (CRP) in leptin resistance. Curr Pharm Des. 2014, 20:609-15. 10.2174\/13816128113199990016","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.164","article-title":"C-reactive protein modifies the association of plasma leptin with coronary calcium in asymptomatic overweight individuals","volume":"20","author":"Martin SS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Martin SS, Qasim AN, Rader DJ, Reilly MP. C-reactive protein modifies the association of plasma leptin with coronary calcium in asymptomatic overweight individuals. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012, 20:856-61. 10.1038\/oby.2011.164","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpcardio1218","article-title":"Relationships between leptin and C-reactive protein with cardiovascular disease in the adult general population","volume":"5","author":"Romero-Corral A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Romero-Corral A, Sierra-Johnson J, Lopez-Jimenez F, et al.. Relationships between leptin and C-reactive protein with cardiovascular disease in the adult general population. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2008, 5:418-25. 10.1038\/ncpcardio1218","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.13182","article-title":"A comprehensive analysis of infantile central nervous system tumors to improve distinctive criteria for infant-type hemispheric glioma versus desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma\/astrocytoma","volume":"33","author":"Tauzi\u00e8de-Espariat A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tauzi\u00e8de-Espariat A, Beccaria K, Dangouloff-Ros V, et al.. A comprehensive analysis of infantile central nervous system tumors to improve distinctive criteria for infant-type hemispheric glioma versus desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma\/astrocytoma. Brain Pathol. 2023, 33:e13182. 10.1111\/bpa.13182","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.380898","article-title":"Targeting calcium signaling in Alzheimer's disease: challenges and promising therapeutic avenues","volume":"19","author":"Song L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song L, Tang Y, Law BY. Targeting calcium signaling in Alzheimer's disease: challenges and promising therapeutic avenues. Neural Regen Res. 2024, 19:501-2. 10.4103\/1673-5374.380898","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12050344","article-title":"Diagnoses based on C-reactive protein point-of-care tests","volume":"12","author":"Pohanka M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pohanka M. Diagnoses based on C-reactive protein point-of-care tests. Biosensors (Basel). 2022, 12:344. 10.3390\/bios12050344","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/jalm.2017.025403","article-title":"CRP-based cardiovascular risk assessment: new conventional CRP assay fit for purpose?","volume":"2","author":"Coelho Gra\u00e7a D","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coelho Gra\u00e7a D, Golaz O, Magnin JL, Fleurkens H, Rossier MF, Lescuyer P, Vuilleumier N. CRP-based cardiovascular risk assessment: new conventional CRP assay fit for purpose?. J Appl Lab Med. 2018, 2:952-9. 10.1373\/jalm.2017.025403","journal-title":"J Appl Lab Med"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1325220","article-title":"Monomeric C-reactive protein as a biomarker for major depressive disorder","volume":"14","author":"Hornick MG","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hornick MG, Potempa LA. Monomeric C-reactive protein as a biomarker for major depressive disorder. Front Psychiatry. 2023, 14:1325220. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1325220","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2025.10044","article-title":"Monomeric CRP and negative acute phase proteins, but not pentameric CRP, as biomarkers of major depression and MDMD","volume":"38","author":"Almulla AF","year":"2025","unstructured":"Almulla AF, Niu M, Stoyanov D, Zhang Y, Maes M. Monomeric CRP and negative acute phase proteins, but not pentameric CRP, as biomarkers of major depression and MDMD. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2025, 38:e4. 10.1017\/neu.2025.10044","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.2255","article-title":"Rare functional variants in the CRP and G6PC genes modify the relationship between obesity and serum C-reactive protein in white British population","volume":"11","author":"Li X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li X, Ploner A, Wang Y, et al.. Rare functional variants in the CRP and G6PC genes modify the relationship between obesity and serum C-reactive protein in white British population. Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2023, 11:e2255. 10.1002\/mgg3.2255","journal-title":"Mol Genet Genomic Med"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04672","article-title":"Targeting C-reactive protein for the treatment of cardiovascular disease","volume":"440","author":"Pepys MB","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pepys MB, Hirschfield GM, Tennent GA, et al.. Targeting C-reactive protein for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Nature. 2006, 440:1217-21. 10.1038\/nature04672","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202217003","article-title":"Targeting conformational changes in C-reactive protein to inhibit pro-inflammatory actions","volume":"15","author":"Filep JG","year":"2023","unstructured":"Filep JG. Targeting conformational changes in C-reactive protein to inhibit pro-inflammatory actions. EMBO Mol Med. 2023, 15:e17003. 10.15252\/emmm.202217003","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01089","article-title":"pCRP-mCRP dissociation mechanisms as potential targets for the development of small-molecule anti-inflammatory chemotherapeutics","volume":"9","author":"Caprio V","year":"2018","unstructured":"Caprio V, Badimon L, Di Napoli M, et al.. pCRP-mCRP dissociation mechanisms as potential targets for the development of small-molecule anti-inflammatory chemotherapeutics. Front Immunol. 2018, 9:1089. 10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01089","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/488091-monomeric-c-reactive-protein-as-a-mediator-of-chronic-inflammation-in-obesity","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T08:24:07Z","timestamp":1778142247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/488091-monomeric-c-reactive-protein-as-a-mediator-of-chronic-inflammation-in-obesity"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"references-count":81,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.108410","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]}}}