{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T15:10:51Z","timestamp":1778944251685,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.108972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T14:25:25Z","timestamp":1778941525000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Children: A Diverse Etiological Profile"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Soukayna","family":"Setouani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asmae","family":"Mehdaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nidale","family":"Hazzab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Eddaoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kawtar","family":"Khabbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yousra","family":"El Boussaadni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdallah","family":"Oulmaati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"","author":"Artigou JY","year":"2020","unstructured":"Artigou JY, Monsuez JJ. Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (Book in French). Elsevier Masson, Paris, France; 2020. https:\/\/www.elsevier-masson.fr\/cardiologie-et-maladies-vasculaires-offre-premium-9782294744549.html."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-2-200507190-00005","article-title":"Summaries for patients. High vitamin E intake among U.S. adults","volume":"143","year":"2005","unstructured":"Summaries for patients. High vitamin E intake among U.S. adults. Ann Intern Med. 2005, 143.I39. 10.7326\/0003-4819-143-2-200507190-00005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Cardiology and Vascular Pathology (Book in French)","author":"Cohen A","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cohen A. Cardiology and Vascular Pathology (Book in French). Estem, Paris, France; 1997."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.93.5.841","article-title":"Report of the 1995 World Health Organization\/International Society and Federation of Cardiology task force on the definition and classification of cardiomyopathies","volume":"93","author":"Richardson P","year":"1996","unstructured":"Richardson P, McKenna W, Bristow M, et al.. Report of the 1995 World Health Organization\/International Society and Federation of Cardiology task force on the definition and classification of cardiomyopathies. Circulation. 1996, 93:841-2. 10.1161\/01.cir.93.5.841","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174287","article-title":"Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Groups; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention","volume":"113","author":"Maron BJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Maron BJ, Towbin JA, Thiene G, et al.. Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Groups; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation. 2006, 113:1807-16. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174287","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm342","article-title":"Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society Of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases","volume":"29","author":"Elliott P","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E, et al.. Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society Of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur Heart J. 2008, 29:270-6. 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm342","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2013.56.2.52","article-title":"Cardiomyopathies in children","volume":"56","author":"Hong YM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hong YM. Cardiomyopathies in children. Korean J Pediatr. 2013, 56:52-9. 10.3345\/kjp.2013.56.2.52","journal-title":"Korean J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021715","article-title":"The incidence of pediatric cardiomyopathy in two regions of the United States","volume":"348","author":"Lipshultz SE","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lipshultz SE, Sleeper LA, Towbin JA, et al.. The incidence of pediatric cardiomyopathy in two regions of the United States. N Engl J Med. 2003, 348:1647-55. 10.1056\/NEJMoa021715","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a062236","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy in childhood: problems of diagnosis and long-term follow-up","volume":"8","author":"Schmaltz AA","year":"1987","unstructured":"Schmaltz AA, Apitz J, Hort W. Dilated cardiomyopathy in childhood: problems of diagnosis and long-term follow-up. Eur Heart J. 1987, 8:100-5. 10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a062236","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.15.1867","article-title":"Incidence, causes, and outcomes of dilated cardiomyopathy in children","volume":"296","author":"Towbin JA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Towbin JA, Lowe AM, Colan SD, et al.. Incidence, causes, and outcomes of dilated cardiomyopathy in children. JAMA. 2006, 296:1867-76. 10.1001\/jama.296.15.1867","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009291","article-title":"Epidemiology of idiopathic cardiomyopathies in children and adolescents. A nationwide study in Finland","volume":"146","author":"Arola A","year":"1997","unstructured":"Arola A, Jokinen E, Ruuskanen O, et al.. Epidemiology of idiopathic cardiomyopathies in children and adolescents. A nationwide study in Finland. Am J Epidemiol. 1997, 146:385-93. 10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009291","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021737","article-title":"The epidemiology of childhood cardiomyopathy in Australia","volume":"348","author":"Nugent AW","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nugent AW, Daubeney PE, Chondros P, et al.. The epidemiology of childhood cardiomyopathy in Australia. N Engl J Med. 2003, 348:1639-46. 10.1056\/NEJMoa021737","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19082\/3164","article-title":"Childhood cardiomyopathies: a study in tertiary care hospital in upper Egypt","volume":"8","author":"Bakeet MA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bakeet MA, Mohamed MM, Allam AA, Gamal R. Childhood cardiomyopathies: a study in tertiary care hospital in upper Egypt. Electron Physician. 2016, 8:3164-9. 10.19082\/3164","journal-title":"Electron Physician"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415227a","article-title":"The failing heart","volume":"415","author":"Towbin JA","year":"2002","unstructured":"Towbin JA, Bowles NE. The failing heart. Nature. 2002, 415:227-33. 10.1038\/415227a","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.72.3.246","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy in children: determinants of outcome","volume":"72","author":"Burch M","year":"1994","unstructured":"Burch M, Siddiqi SA, Celermajer DS, Scott C, Bull C, Deanfield JE. Dilated cardiomyopathy in children: determinants of outcome. Br Heart J. 1994, 72:246-50. 10.1136\/hrt.72.3.246","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2013.08.008","article-title":"Presentation, diagnosis, and medical management of heart failure in children: Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines","volume":"29","author":"Kantor PF","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kantor PF, Lougheed J, Dancea A, et al.. Presentation, diagnosis, and medical management of heart failure in children: Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines. Can J Cardiol. 2013, 29:1535-52. 10.1016\/j.cjca.2013.08.008","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.3.369","article-title":"Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in children: prognostic indicators and outcome","volume":"101","author":"Arola A","year":"1998","unstructured":"Arola A, Tuominen J, Ruuskanen O, Jokinen E. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in children: prognostic indicators and outcome. Pediatrics. 1998, 101:369-76. 10.1542\/peds.101.3.369","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003920170173","article-title":"Prognostic relevance of left ventricular diastolic function parameters in dilated cardiomyopathy (Article in German)","volume":"90","author":"Schannwell CM","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schannwell CM, Schoebel FC, Marx R, Plehn G, Leschke M, Strauer BE. Prognostic relevance of left ventricular diastolic function parameters in dilated cardiomyopathy (Article in German). Z Kardiol. 2001, 90:269-79. 10.1007\/s003920170173","journal-title":"Z Kardiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.635128","article-title":"Clinical features and outcomes of childhood dilated cardiomyopathy: results from a national population-based study","volume":"114","author":"Daubeney PE","year":"2006","unstructured":"Daubeney PE, Nugent AW, Chondros P, et al.. Clinical features and outcomes of childhood dilated cardiomyopathy: results from a national population-based study. Circulation. 2006, 114:2671-8. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.635128","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1998.1145","article-title":"Guidelines for the study of familial dilated cardiomyopathies. Collaborative Research Group of the European Human and Capital Mobility Project on Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy","volume":"20","author":"Mestroni L","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mestroni L, Maisch B, McKenna WJ, et al.. Guidelines for the study of familial dilated cardiomyopathies. Collaborative Research Group of the European Human and Capital Mobility Project on Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J. 1999, 20:93-102. 10.1053\/euhj.1998.1145","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.839001","article-title":"Association of left ventricular dilation at listing for heart transplant with postlisting and early posttransplant mortality in children with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"2","author":"Singh TP","year":"2009","unstructured":"Singh TP, Sleeper LA, Lipshultz S, et al.. Association of left ventricular dilation at listing for heart transplant with postlisting and early posttransplant mortality in children with dilated cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail. 2009, 2:591-8. 10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.839001","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(88)90179-9","article-title":"Pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy: prognostic factors and outcome","volume":"11","author":"Griffin ML","year":"1988","unstructured":"Griffin ML, Hernandez A, Martin TC,  Goldring D, Bolman RM, Spray TL, Strauss AW. Pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy: prognostic factors and outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988, 11:139-44. 10.1016\/0735-1097(88)90179-9","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(91)90158-e","article-title":"Natural history of dilated cardiomyopathy in children","volume":"121","author":"Akagi T","year":"1991","unstructured":"Akagi T, Benson LN, Lightfoot NE, Chin K, Wilson G, Freedom RM. Natural history of dilated cardiomyopathy in children. Am Heart J. 1991, 121:1502-6. 10.1016\/0002-8703(91)90158-e","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015041","article-title":"Prognostic value of posterior wall thickness in childhood dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis","volume":"17","author":"Carvalho JS","year":"1996","unstructured":"Carvalho JS, Silva CM, Shinebourne EA, Redington AN. Prognostic value of posterior wall thickness in childhood dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. Eur Heart J. 1996, 17:1233-8. 10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015041","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.04.035","article-title":"Improved outcomes of pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy with utilization of heart transplantation","volume":"44","author":"Tsirka AE","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tsirka AE, Trinkaus K, Chen SC, et al.. Improved outcomes of pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy with utilization of heart transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004, 44:391-7. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.04.035","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Around pediheart: hyperlipidemia","volume":"22","author":"McCaffrey F","year":"2001","unstructured":"McCaffrey F. Around pediheart: hyperlipidemia. Pediatr Cardiol. 2001, 22:278.","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309386","article-title":"Pediatric cardiomyopathies","volume":"121","author":"Lee TM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee TM, Hsu DT, Kantor P, et al.. Pediatric cardiomyopathies. Circ Res. 2017, 121:855-73. 10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309386","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ppedcard.2007.05.009","article-title":"Outcome predictors for pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Alvarez JA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alvarez JA, Wilkinson JD, Lipshultz SE. Outcome predictors for pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy: a systematic review. Prog Pediatr Cardiol. 2007, 23:25-32. 10.1016\/j.ppedcard.2007.05.009","journal-title":"Prog Pediatr Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/490135-dilated-cardiomyopathy-in-children-a-diverse-etiological-profile","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T14:25:26Z","timestamp":1778941526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/490135-dilated-cardiomyopathy-in-children-a-diverse-etiological-profile"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.108972","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]}}}