{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T16:01:08Z","timestamp":1783699268575,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.109142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T22:44:36Z","timestamp":1779144276000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Artificial Intelligence Applied to the Brain-Gut Axis in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Advancing Toward Clinical Translation"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Temebi W","family":"Andafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel  C","family":"Imoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheriffdeen A","family":"Adekanmbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20250287","article-title":"The microbiota-gut-brain axis in irritable bowel syndrome: expert guidance on diagnosis and management","volume":"13","author":"Palaniswamy K","year":"2025","unstructured":"Palaniswamy K. The microbiota-gut-brain axis in irritable bowel syndrome: expert guidance on diagnosis and management. Int J Res Med Sci. 2025, 13:958-66. 10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20250287","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53555\/sq0egv23","article-title":"The gut-brain axis: exploring the role of intestinal microbiota in the development of functional gastrointestinal disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)","volume":"31","author":"Khan NTA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan NTA, Bahar S, Mehdi SM, et al.. The gut-brain axis: exploring the role of intestinal microbiota in the development of functional gastrointestinal disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol. 2024, 31:1487-92. 10.53555\/sq0egv23","journal-title":"J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/jbr.2025.13873","article-title":"Microbiota-gut-brain axis: towards a microbiota-centred approach for irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"98","author":"Costantino A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Costantino A, Tagliamonte G, Romeo M. Microbiota-gut-brain axis: towards a microbiota-centred approach for irritable bowel syndrome. J Biol Res. 2025, 98:13873. 10.4081\/jbr.2025.13873","journal-title":"J Biol Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imu.2022.100891","article-title":"The impact of artificial intelligence algorithms on management of patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Kordi M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kordi M, Dehghan MJ, Shayesteh AA, Azizi A. The impact of artificial intelligence algorithms on management of patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review. Inform Med Unlocked. 2022, 30:100891. 10.1016\/j.imu.2022.100891","journal-title":"Inform Med Unlocked"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctd2.70117","article-title":"Gut microbiota and central nervous system's direct bidirectional regulation: the mechanisms of the gut-brain axis in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Zhai J","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zhai J, Li Y, Liu J, et al.. Gut microbiota and central nervous system's direct bidirectional regulation: the mechanisms of the gut-brain axis in irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Transl Discov. 2026, 6:70117. 10.1002\/ctd2.70117","journal-title":"Clin Transl Discov"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01188-6","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for irritable bowel syndrome induces bidirectional alterations in the brain-gut-microbiome axis associated with gastrointestinal symptom improvement","volume":"9","author":"Jacobs JP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jacobs JP, Gupta A, Bhatt RR, et al.. Cognitive behavioral therapy for irritable bowel syndrome induces bidirectional alterations in the brain-gut-microbiome axis associated with gastrointestinal symptom improvement. Microbiome. 2021, 9:236. 10.1186\/s40168-021-01188-6","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20935\/acadbiol7748","article-title":"The gut-brain axis in irritable bowel syndrome: neuroendocrine and epigenetic pathways","volume":"3","author":"Koumbi L","year":"2025","unstructured":"Koumbi L, Giannelou MA, Castelli L. The gut-brain axis in irritable bowel syndrome: neuroendocrine and epigenetic pathways. Acad Biol. 2025, 3:7748. 10.20935\/acadbiol7748","journal-title":"Acad Biol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i39.14105","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome: a microbiome-gut-brain axis disorder?","volume":"20","author":"Kennedy PJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kennedy PJ, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Clarke G. Irritable bowel syndrome: a microbiome-gut-brain axis disorder?. World J Gastroenterol. 2014, 20:14105-25. 10.3748\/wjg.v20.i39.14105","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7010006","article-title":"The gut-brain axis and the microbiome: clues to pathophysiology and opportunities for novel management strategies in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)","volume":"7","author":"Quigley EM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Quigley EM. The gut-brain axis and the microbiome: clues to pathophysiology and opportunities for novel management strategies in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). J Clin Med. 2018, 7:6. 10.3390\/jcm7010006","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22037\/ghfbb.v18i1.3082","article-title":"Psychological determinants of irritable bowel syndrome and its impact on quality of life: a machine learning approaches","volume":"18","author":"Saeedinia E","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saeedinia E, Poursharifi H, Momeni F, Vahedi M, Sadeghi A, Abdi M, Ghahremani R. Psychological determinants of irritable bowel syndrome and its impact on quality of life: a machine learning approaches. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2025, 18:100-14. 10.22037\/ghfbb.v18i1.3082","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082403","article-title":"Usefulness of machine learning-based gut microbiome analysis for identifying patients with irritable bowels syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Fukui H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fukui H, Nishida A, Matsuda S, et al.. Usefulness of machine learning-based gut microbiome analysis for identifying patients with irritable bowels syndrome. J Clin Med. 2020, 9:2403. 10.3390\/jcm9082403","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2019.01.006","article-title":"Leveraging human microbiome features to diagnose and stratify children with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Hollister EB","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hollister EB, Oezguen N, Chumpitazi BP, et al.. Leveraging human microbiome features to diagnose and stratify children with irritable bowel syndrome. J Mol Diagn. 2019, 21:449-61. 10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2019.01.006","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1337373","article-title":"Multi-omics approaches to studying gastrointestinal microbiome in the context of precision medicine and machine learning","volume":"10","author":"Wu J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu J, Singleton SS, Bhuiyan U, Krammer L, Mazumder R. Multi-omics approaches to studying gastrointestinal microbiome in the context of precision medicine and machine learning. Front Mol Biosci. 2023, 10:1337373. 10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1337373","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v9.i6.1356","article-title":"Functional brain imaging in irritable bowel syndrome with rectal balloon-distention by using fMRI","volume":"9","author":"Yuan YZ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yuan YZ, Tao RJ, Xu B, et al.. Functional brain imaging in irritable bowel syndrome with rectal balloon-distention by using fMRI. World J Gastroenterol. 2003, 9:1356-60. 10.3748\/wjg.v9.i6.1356","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000106","article-title":"Imaging brain mechanisms in chronic visceral pain","volume":"156 Suppl 1","author":"Mayer EA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mayer EA, Gupta A, Kilpatrick LA, Hong JY. Imaging brain mechanisms in chronic visceral pain. Pain. 2015, 156 Suppl 1:S50-63. 10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000106","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-017-0673-y","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of brain function in patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Wang D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang D, Zhang X, Zhang X, Huang Z, Song Y. Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of brain function in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. BMC Gastroenterol. 2017, 17:148. 10.1186\/s12876-017-0673-y","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-24-892","article-title":"Support vector machine classification of irritable bowel syndrome patients based on whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity features","volume":"14","author":"Xie L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie L, Zhuang Z, Lin X, Shi X, Zheng Y, Wu K, Ma S. Support vector machine classification of irritable bowel syndrome patients based on whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity features. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2024, 14:7279-90. 10.21037\/qims-24-892","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14994","article-title":"Classification of irritable bowel syndrome using brain functional connectivity strength and machine learning","volume":"37","author":"Zhang Q","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Xu Y, Guo D, He H, Zhang Z, Wang X, Yu S. Classification of irritable bowel syndrome using brain functional connectivity strength and machine learning. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2025, 37:e14994. 10.1111\/nmo.14994","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcag062","article-title":"Classifying irritable bowel syndrome using spatio-temporal graph convolution networks on brain functional MRI data","volume":"8","author":"Wu J","year":"2026","unstructured":"Wu J, Zhuang S, Zhuang Z, Qu L, Xie L, Liu M. Classifying irritable bowel syndrome using spatio-temporal graph convolution networks on brain functional MRI data. Brain Commun. 2026, 8:fcag062. 10.1093\/braincomms\/fcag062","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.007","article-title":"Longitudinal multi-omics reveals subset-specific mechanisms underlying irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"182","author":"Mars RA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mars RA, Yang Y, Ward T, et al.. Longitudinal multi-omics reveals subset-specific mechanisms underlying irritable bowel syndrome. Cell. 2020, 182:1460-73.e17. 10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-22068-1","article-title":"Prediction of irritable bowel syndrome by integrating urine metabolites and gut microbiota","volume":"15","author":"Lee G","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee G, Lee MH, Park SE, et al.. Prediction of irritable bowel syndrome by integrating urine metabolites and gut microbiota. Sci Rep. 2025, 15:38246. 10.1038\/s41598-025-22068-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/openreseurope.15009.1","article-title":"A psychological symptom based machine learning model for clinical evaluation of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Haleem N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haleem N, Lundervold AJ, Lied GA, et al.. A psychological symptom based machine learning model for clinical evaluation of irritable bowel syndrome. Open Res Eur. 2023, 3:19. 10.12688\/openreseurope.15009.1","journal-title":"Open Res Eur"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14072403","article-title":"Wearable technology in gastroenterology: current applications and future directions","volume":"14","author":"Reddy KD","year":"2025","unstructured":"Reddy KD, Chawla S. Wearable technology in gastroenterology: current applications and future directions. J Clin Med. 2025, 14:2403. 10.3390\/jcm14072403","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i12.1149","article-title":"Emerging wearable technology applications in gastroenterology: a review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Chong KP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chong KP, Woo BK. Emerging wearable technology applications in gastroenterology: a review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol. 2021, 27:1149-60. 10.3748\/wjg.v27.i12.1149","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000021950","article-title":"Study protocol of the Bergen brain-gut-microbiota-axis study: a prospective case-report characterization and dietary intervention study to evaluate the effects of microbiota alterations on cognition and anatomical and functional brain connectivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"99","author":"Berentsen B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berentsen B, Nagaraja BH, Teige EP, et al.. Study protocol of the Bergen brain-gut-microbiota-axis study: a prospective case-report characterization and dietary intervention study to evaluate the effects of microbiota alterations on cognition and anatomical and functional brain connectivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020, 99:e21950. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000021950","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/481700-artificial-intelligence-applied-to-the-brain-gut-axis-in-irritable-bowel-syndrome-advancing-toward-clinical-translation","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T22:44:37Z","timestamp":1779144277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/481700-artificial-intelligence-applied-to-the-brain-gut-axis-in-irritable-bowel-syndrome-advancing-toward-clinical-translation"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.109142","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]}}}