{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T09:12:42Z","timestamp":1779268362875,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.109256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T09:03:47Z","timestamp":1779267827000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aggregate Effects of Yoga-Based Volitional Breathing Interventions on Perceived Stress and Anxiety Levels Among Medical Students Worldwide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Anupinder","family":"Thind","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pravin M","family":"Pisudde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Kochhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200604000-00009","article-title":"Systematic review of depression, anxiety, and other indicators of psychological distress among U.S. and Canadian medical students","volume":"81","author":"Dyrbye LN","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dyrbye LN, Thomas MR, Shanafelt TD. Systematic review of depression, anxiety, and other indicators of psychological distress among U.S. and Canadian medical students. Acad Med. 2006, 81:354-73. 10.1097\/00001888-200604000-00009","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2018.1457213","article-title":"Professional burnout among medical students: systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Erschens R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Erschens R, Keifenheim KE, Herrmann-Werner A, et al.. Professional burnout among medical students: systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Med Teach. 2019, 41:172-83. 10.1080\/0142159X.2018.1457213","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17324","article-title":"Prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"316","author":"Rotenstein LS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rotenstein LS, Ramos MA, Torre M, et al.. Prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016, 316:2214-36. 10.1001\/jama.2016.17324","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04394.x","article-title":"Yoga breathing, meditation, and longevity","volume":"1172","author":"Brown RP","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brown RP, Gerbarg PL. Yoga breathing, meditation, and longevity. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009, 1172:54-62. 10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04394.x","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2008.01.004","article-title":"EEG paroxysmal gamma waves during Bhramari Pranayama: a yoga breathing technique","volume":"18","author":"Vialatte FB","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vialatte FB, Bakardjian H, Prasad R, Cichocki A. EEG paroxysmal gamma waves during Bhramari Pranayama: a yoga breathing technique. Conscious Cogn. 2009, 18:977-88. 10.1016\/j.concog.2008.01.004","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0759-5-4","article-title":"Heart rate variability changes during high frequency yoga breathing and breath awareness","volume":"5","author":"Telles S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Telles S, Singh N, Balkrishna A. Heart rate variability changes during high frequency yoga breathing and breath awareness. Biopsychosoc Med. 2011, 5:4. 10.1186\/1751-0759-5-4","journal-title":"Biopsychosoc Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5359.38919","article-title":"Immediate effect of high-frequency yoga breathing on attention","volume":"62","author":"Telles S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Telles S, Raghuraj P, Arankalle D, Naveen KV. Immediate effect of high-frequency yoga breathing on attention. Indian J Med Sci. 2008, 62:20-2.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Effect of alternate nostril breathing exercise on cardiorespiratory functions","volume":"10","author":"Dhungel KU","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dhungel KU, Malhotra V, Sarkar D, Prajapati R. Effect of alternate nostril breathing exercise on cardiorespiratory functions. Nepal Med Coll J. 2008, 10:25-7.","journal-title":"Nepal Med Coll J"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Effect of short-term practice of breathing exercises on autonomic functions in normal human volunteers","volume":"120","author":"Pal GK","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pal GK, Velkumary S. Effect of short-term practice of breathing exercises on autonomic functions in normal human volunteers. Indian J Med Res. 2004, 120:115-21.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"10","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2021, 10:89. 10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-022-01631-8","article-title":"Abstract screening using the automated tool Rayyan: results of effectiveness in three diagnostic test accuracy systematic reviews","volume":"22","author":"Valizadeh A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Valizadeh A, Moassefi M, Nakhostin-Ansari A, et al.. Abstract screening using the automated tool Rayyan: results of effectiveness in three diagnostic test accuracy systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2022, 22:160. 10.1186\/s12874-022-01631-8","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3132847.3133080","article-title":"Integrating the framing of clinical questions via Pico into the retrieval of medical literature for systematic reviews","volume":"2291","author":"Scells H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scells H, Zuccon G, Koopman B, Deacon A, Azzopardi L, Geva S. Integrating the framing of clinical questions via Pico into the retrieval of medical literature for systematic reviews. Integr Framing Clin Questions via PICO Retr Med Lit Syst Rev. 2017, 2291: 2291-4. 10.1145\/3132847.3133080","journal-title":"Integr Framing Clin Questions via PICO Retr Med Lit Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne JA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, et al.. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019, 366:4898. 10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.08.022","article-title":"Cochrane's risk of bias tool for non-randomized studies (ROBINS-I) is frequently misapplied: a methodological systematic review","volume":"140","author":"Igelstr\u00f6m E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Igelstr\u00f6m E, Campbell M, Craig P, Katikireddi SV. Cochrane's risk of bias tool for non-randomized studies (ROBINS-I) is frequently misapplied: a methodological systematic review. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021, 140:22-32. 10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.08.022","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.15.235","article-title":"Systematic evaluation and comparison of statistical tests for publication bias","volume":"15","author":"Hayashino Y","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hayashino Y, Noguchi Y, Fukui T. Systematic evaluation and comparison of statistical tests for publication bias. J Epidemiol. 2005, 15:235-43. 10.2188\/jea.15.235","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Review Manager (RevMan). (2020). https.\/\/training.cochrane.org\/online-learning\/core-software\/revman."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2014-101967","article-title":"A hands-on practical tutorial on performing meta-analysis with Stata","volume":"17","author":"Chaimani A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chaimani A, Mavridis D, Salanti G. A hands-on practical tutorial on performing meta-analysis with Stata. Evid Based Ment Health. 2014, 17:111-6. 10.1136\/eb-2014-101967","journal-title":"Evid Based Ment Health"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23821205231212056","article-title":"Breath-body-mind core techniques to manage medical student stress","volume":"10","author":"Gerbarg PL","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gerbarg PL, Cruz-Cordero YL, Conte VA, Garc\u00eda ME, Bra\u00f1a A, Estape ES, Brown RP. Breath-body-mind core techniques to manage medical student stress. J Med Educ Curric Dev. 2023, 10:23821205231212056. 10.1177\/23821205231212056","journal-title":"J Med Educ Curric Dev"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47009\/jamp.2025.7.1.19","article-title":"Impact of a 6-week yoga and meditation program on stress and anxiety levels among first-year MBBS students at Government Medical College, Siddipet","volume":"7","author":"Muthe M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Muthe M, Rajashivacharan L, Paramjyothi P. Impact of a 6-week yoga and meditation program on stress and anxiety levels among first-year MBBS students at Government Medical College, Siddipet. Int J Acad Med Pharm. 2025, 7:90-4. 10.47009\/jamp.2025.7.1.19","journal-title":"Int J Acad Med Pharm"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Effect of alternate nostril breathing on cardiovascular autonomic functions, perceived stress and auditory threshold among medical students of A.I.M.S., B.G. Nagara - a prospective study","author":"Smitha N","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smitha N. Effect of alternate nostril breathing on cardiovascular autonomic functions, perceived stress and auditory threshold among medical students of A.I.M.S., B.G. Nagara - a prospective study. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India; 2016."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23921\/amp.2025v8i1.00075","article-title":"Yoga vs physical activity: a comparative study of stress and sleep in young adults","volume":"8","author":"Manzoor A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Manzoor A, Yograj S, Kapoor M, Singh M, Kaur T. Yoga vs physical activity: a comparative study of stress and sleep in young adults. Ann Med Physiol. 2025, 8:1-6. 10.23921\/amp.2025v8i1.00075","journal-title":"Ann Med Physiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.71152\/ajms.v16i1.4313","article-title":"Alternate nostril breathing (Nadi-Shodhana Pranayama) and its impact on perceived stress and hearing threshold among medical students; a prospective study","volume":"16","author":"Nagendrappa S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nagendrappa S, Kumaraswamy SG, Ramalingaiah VH. Alternate nostril breathing (Nadi-Shodhana Pranayama) and its impact on perceived stress and hearing threshold among medical students; a prospective study. Asian J Med Sci. 2025, 16:90-4. 10.71152\/ajms.v16i1.4313","journal-title":"Asian J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9790\/0853-141260103","article-title":"Biofeedback as an assessment tool in measuring effectiveness of alternate nostril breathing (Nadi Shodhana Pranayama) amongst medical students","volume":"14","author":"Sudhir GK","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sudhir GK, Smitha N, Narasimha Swamy KN, Vinay HR. Biofeedback as an assessment tool in measuring effectiveness of alternate nostril breathing (Nadi Shodhana Pranayama) amongst medical students. J Dent Med Sci. 2015, 14:1-3. 10.9790\/0853-141260103","journal-title":"J Dent Med Sci"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Effect of Nadi Shuddhi Pranayama on perceived stress and cardiovascular autonomic functions in 1st year undergraduate medical students","volume":"1","author":"Dhanvijay AD","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dhanvijay AD, Chandan L. Effect of Nadi Shuddhi Pranayama on perceived stress and cardiovascular autonomic functions in 1st year undergraduate medical students. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2018, 1:898-902.","journal-title":"Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.20f13698","article-title":"Understanding the basics of meta-analysis and how to read a forest plot: as simple as it gets","volume":"81","author":"Andrade C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andrade C. Understanding the basics of meta-analysis and how to read a forest plot: as simple as it gets. J Clin Psychiatry. 2020, 81:13698. 10.4088\/JCP.20f13698","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/484248-aggregate-effects-of-yoga-based-volitional-breathing-interventions-on-perceived-stress-and-anxiety-levels-among-medical-students-worldwide-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T09:03:50Z","timestamp":1779267830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/484248-aggregate-effects-of-yoga-based-volitional-breathing-interventions-on-perceived-stress-and-anxiety-levels-among-medical-students-worldwide-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.109256","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]}}}