{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T09:08:22Z","timestamp":1779354502876,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.109329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T08:18:28Z","timestamp":1779351508000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phenotypic and Genotypic Detection of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) and Metallo-Beta-Lactamase (MBL) Genes in Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates Derived From Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Hirdesh Kumari","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramanath","family":"Karicheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.02.023","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045","volume":"138","author":"Cho NH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW, Malanda B. IDF Diabetes Atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018, 138:271-81. 10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.02.023","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12277","article-title":"Diabetic foot infection treatment and care","volume":"13","author":"Cigna E","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cigna E, Fino P, Onesti MG, Amorosi V, Scuderi N. Diabetic foot infection treatment and care. Int Wound J. 2016, 13:238-42. 10.1111\/iwj.12277","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061779","article-title":"Diabetic foot infections: the diagnostic challenges","volume":"9","author":"Lauri C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lauri C, Leone A, Cavallini M, Signore A, Giurato L, Uccioli L. Diabetic foot infections: the diagnostic challenges. J Clin Med. 2020, 9:1779. 10.3390\/jcm9061779","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2021.01.017","article-title":"The current burden of diabetic foot disease","volume":"17","author":"Edmonds M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Edmonds M, Manu C, Vas P. The current burden of diabetic foot disease. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021, 17:88-93. 10.1016\/j.jcot.2021.01.017","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7631659","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of diabetic foot ulcer: a population-based diabetic foot cohort (ADFC study)-two-year follow-up study","volume":"2018","author":"Yazdanpanah L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yazdanpanah L, Shahbazian H, Nazari I, et al.. Incidence and risk factors of diabetic foot ulcer: a population-based diabetic foot cohort (ADFC study)-two-year follow-up study. Int J Endocrinol. 2018, 2018:7631659. 10.1155\/2018\/7631659","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01134-10","article-title":"Genomic analysis of the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain MDR-ZJ06 widely spread in China","volume":"55","author":"Zhou H","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhou H, Zhang T, Yu D, et al.. Genomic analysis of the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain MDR-ZJ06 widely spread in China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011, 55:4506-12. 10.1128\/AAC.01134-10","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10030373","article-title":"Acinetobacter baumannii antibiotic resistance mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Kyriakidis I","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kyriakidis I, Vasileiou E, Pana ZD, Tragiannidis A. Acinetobacter baumannii antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Pathogens. 2021, 10:373. 10.3390\/pathogens10030373","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01464-06","article-title":"Global challenge of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"51","author":"Perez F","year":"2007","unstructured":"Perez F, Hujer AM, Hujer KM, Decker BK, Rather PN, Bonomo RA. Global challenge of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007, 51:3471-84. 10.1128\/AAC.01464-06","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1120009X.2017.1338377","article-title":"Epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Bialvaei AZ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bialvaei AZ, Kouhsari E, Salehi-Abargouei A, Amirmozafari N, Ramazanzadeh R, Ghadimi-Daresajini A, Sedighi M. Epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Chemother. 2017, 29:327-37. 10.1080\/1120009X.2017.1338377","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. approved standard \u201410th edition. CLSI document M07-A10","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically. Approved Standard - 10th Edition. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA; 2015. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/file.PostFileLoader.html?id=564ceedf5e9d97daf08b45a2&assetKey=AS%3A297254750572544%40144...."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05247-11","article-title":"Value of the modified Hodge test for detection of emerging carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"50","author":"Girlich D","year":"2012","unstructured":"Girlich D, Poirel L, Nordmann P. Value of the modified Hodge test for detection of emerging carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae. J Clin Microbiol. 2012, 50:477-9. 10.1128\/JCM.05247-11","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00148","article-title":"The Acinetobacter baumannii oxymoron: commensal hospital dweller turned pan-drug-resistant menace","volume":"3","author":"Roca I","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roca I, Espinal P, Vila-Farr\u00e9s X, Vila J. The Acinetobacter baumannii oxymoron: commensal hospital dweller turned pan-drug-resistant menace. Front Microbiol. 2012, 3:148. 10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00148","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bacteria4020024","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of \u03b2-lactamase genes among multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from infected diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"4","author":"Khan DM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khan DM, Rao VI, Moosabba MS, MubarakAli D, Manzoor M. Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of \u03b2-lactamase genes among multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from infected diabetic foot ulcers. Bacteria. 2025, 4:24. 10.3390\/bacteria4020024","journal-title":"Bacteria"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjm.2017.09.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of diabetic foot infections in a reference tertiary hospital in India","volume":"49","author":"Saseedharan S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saseedharan S, Sahu M, Chaddha R, et al.. Epidemiology of diabetic foot infections in a reference tertiary hospital in India. Braz J Microbiol. 2018, 49:401-6. 10.1016\/j.bjm.2017.09.003","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Spectrum of microbial flora in diabetic foot ulcer and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in a tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad, Gujarat","volume":"3","author":"Jain M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jain M, Patel MH, Sood NK, Modi DJ, Vegad MM. Spectrum of microbial flora in diabetic foot ulcer and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in a tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Natl J Med Res. 2012, 3:354-7.","journal-title":"Natl J Med Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.2.12971.57121","article-title":"Characterization and molecular study to detect multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from patients with diabetic foot ulcers in Wasit Province","volume":"0","author":"Jassim AT","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jassim AT, Raheema RH, Melek HK. Characterization and molecular study to detect multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from patients with diabetic foot ulcers in Wasit Province. Ministry of Higher Education. 2021, 0:0. 10.13140\/RG.2.2.12971.57121","journal-title":"Ministry of Higher Education"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1368046","article-title":"Microbiological profile of diabetic foot infections in China and worldwide: a 20-year systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Qu YD","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qu YD, Ou SJ, Zhang W, et al.. Microbiological profile of diabetic foot infections in China and worldwide: a 20-year systematic review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024, 15:1368046. 10.3389\/fendo.2024.1368046","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107554","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Iran: evaluation of TEM, PER, SHV, CTX-M, VEB and GES","volume":"204","author":"Sadeghi H","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sadeghi H, Bakht M, Khanjani S, et al.. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Iran: evaluation of TEM, PER, SHV, CTX-M, VEB and GES. Microb Pathog. 2025, 204:107554. 10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107554","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: a clinical update","volume":"18","author":"Paterson DL","year":"2005","unstructured":"Paterson DL, Bonomo RA. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: a clinical update. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005, 18:657-86. 10.1128\/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.68531","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"2","author":"Rawat D","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rawat D, Nair D. Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in Gram-negative bacteria. J Glob Infect Dis. 2010, 2:263-74. 10.4103\/0974-777X.68531","journal-title":"J Glob Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0612-5","article-title":"Study of genetic diversity, biofilm formation, and detection of Carbapenemase, MBL, ESBL, and tetracycline resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from burn wound infections in Iran","volume":"8","author":"Ranjbar R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ranjbar R, Farahani A. Study of genetic diversity, biofilm formation, and detection of Carbapenemase, MBL, ESBL, and tetracycline resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from burn wound infections in Iran. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019, 8:172. 10.1186\/s13756-019-0612-5","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11112937","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL): challenges and opportunities","volume":"11","author":"Husna A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Husna A, Rahman MM, Badruzzaman AT, et al.. Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL): challenges and opportunities. Biomedicines. 2023, 11:2937. 10.3390\/biomedicines11112937","journal-title":"Biomedicines"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/464160-phenotypic-and-genotypic-detection-of-extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-esbl-and-metallo-beta-lactamase-mbl-genes-in-multidrug-resistant-acinetobacter-baumannii-isolates-derived-from-diabetic-foot-ulcer-patients","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T08:18:29Z","timestamp":1779351509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/464160-phenotypic-and-genotypic-detection-of-extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-esbl-and-metallo-beta-lactamase-mbl-genes-in-multidrug-resistant-acinetobacter-baumannii-isolates-derived-from-diabetic-foot-ulcer-patients"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":22,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.109329","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]}}}