{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T06:16:47Z","timestamp":1788675407316,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.109548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]],"date-time":"2026-05-24T17:29:12Z","timestamp":1779643752000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Case of Concurrent Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Adrenal Insufficiency Following Nivolumab Therapy for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Gillian D","family":"Dooley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ihunanya","family":"Agomuoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahd","family":"Al-Saghir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camelia","family":"Arsene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113365","article-title":"A comprehensive review of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment","volume":"143","author":"Arafat Hossain M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arafat Hossain M. A comprehensive review of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024, 143:113365. 10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113365","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00550","article-title":"The PD1:PD-L1\/2 pathway from discovery to clinical implementation","volume":"7","author":"Bardhan K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bardhan K, Anagnostou T, Boussiotis VA. The PD1:PD-L1\/2 pathway from discovery to clinical implementation. Front Immunol. 2016, 7:550. 10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00550","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.02.010","article-title":"CheckMate 025 randomized phase 3 study: outcomes by key baseline factors and prior therapy for nivolumab versus everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma","volume":"72","author":"Escudier B","year":"2017","unstructured":"Escudier B, Sharma P, McDermott DF, et al.. CheckMate 025 randomized phase 3 study: outcomes by key baseline factors and prior therapy for nivolumab versus everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2017, 72:962-71. 10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.02.010","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO). ESMO Living Guideline. renal cell carcinoma - first-line treatment for advanced and metastatic clear-cell RCC. (2025). Accessed: March 30, 2026: https:\/\/www.esmo.org\/guidelines\/living-guidelines\/esmo-living-guideline-renal-cell-carcinoma\/advanced-and-metastatic-...."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.3064","article-title":"Incidence of endocrine dysfunction following the use of different immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Barroso-Sousa R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barroso-Sousa R, Barry WT, Garrido-Castro AC, Hodi FS, Min L, Krop IE, Tolaney SM. Incidence of endocrine dysfunction following the use of different immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2018, 4:173-82. 10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.3064","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2016-0147","article-title":"Risk of endocrine adverse events in cancer patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Shang YH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shang YH, Zhang Y, Li JH, Li P, Zhang X. Risk of endocrine adverse events in cancer patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Immunotherapy. 2017, 9:261-72. 10.2217\/imt-2016-0147","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-020-02699-1","article-title":"Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review","volume":"70","author":"Zhao Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Wang X, Bao XQ, Ning J, Shang M, Zhang D. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2021, 70:1527-40. 10.1007\/s00262-020-02699-1","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0713-y","article-title":"Anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD1) immunotherapy induced autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II (APS-2): a case report and review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Gunjur A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gunjur A, Klein O, Kee D, Cebon J. Anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD1) immunotherapy induced autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II (APS-2): a case report and review of the literature. J Immunother Cancer. 2019, 7:241. 10.1186\/s40425-019-0713-y","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2024.103602","article-title":"Nivolumab in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma in France: interim results of the observational, real-world WITNESS study","volume":"9","author":"Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my P","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my P, Albig\u00e8s L, Escudier B, et al.. Nivolumab in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma in France: interim results of the observational, real-world WITNESS study. ESMO Open. 2024, 9:103602. 10.1016\/j.esmoop.2024.103602","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.10.001","article-title":"Management of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"33","author":"Haanen J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haanen J, Obeid M, Spain L, et al.. Management of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2022, 33:1217-38. 10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.10.001","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.836859","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hypophysitis and patterns of loss of pituitary function","volume":"12","author":"Jessel S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jessel S, Weiss SA, Austin M, et al.. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hypophysitis and patterns of loss of pituitary function. Front Oncol. 2022, 12:836859. 10.3389\/fonc.2022.836859","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf347","article-title":"Multiple or single endocrine abnormalities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"111","author":"Kamitani F","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kamitani F, Nishioka Y, Nakajima H, et al.. Multiple or single endocrine abnormalities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025, 111:54-61. 10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf347","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2020.100011","article-title":"How we treat endocrine complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"6","author":"Paschou SA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paschou SA, Stefanaki K, Psaltopoulou T, et al.. How we treat endocrine complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors. ESMO Open. 2021, 6:100011. 10.1016\/j.esmoop.2020.100011","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Fludrocortisone","author":"Rahman M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rahman M, Anjum F. Fludrocortisone. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2024."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.205","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy - immune checkpoint blockade and associated endocrinopathies","volume":"13","author":"Byun DJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Byun DJ, Wolchok JD, Rosenberg LM, Girotra M. Cancer immunotherapy - immune checkpoint blockade and associated endocrinopathies. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017, 13:195-207. 10.1038\/nrendo.2016.205","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.98717","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related hypophysitis and pituitary dysfunction: a systematic review of diagnosis and management","volume":"17","author":"SirDeshpande P","year":"2025","unstructured":"SirDeshpande P, Hegde SB, Akhtar H. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related hypophysitis and pituitary dysfunction: a systematic review of diagnosis and management. Cureus. 2025, 17:e98717. 10.7759\/cureus.98717","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-023-01417-y","article-title":"Neuroimaging of hypophysitis: etiologies and imaging mimics","volume":"41","author":"Kurokawa R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kurokawa R, Kurokawa M, Baba A, et al.. Neuroimaging of hypophysitis: etiologies and imaging mimics. Jpn J Radiol. 2023, 41:911-27. 10.1007\/s11604-023-01417-y","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.70116","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging features of hypophysitis in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"38","author":"Angelousi A","year":"2026","unstructured":"Angelousi A, Asimakopoulou S, Bourgioti C, et al.. Magnetic resonance imaging features of hypophysitis in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Neuroendocrinol. 2026, 38:e70116. 10.1111\/jne.70116","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1710-1492-9-30","article-title":"A practical guide to the monitoring and management of the complications of systemic corticosteroid therapy","volume":"9","author":"Liu D","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu D, Ahmet A, Ward L, et al.. A practical guide to the monitoring and management of the complications of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2013, 9:30. 10.1186\/1710-1492-9-30","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-023-03436-0","article-title":"Multidisciplinary recommendations for essential baseline functional and laboratory tests to facilitate early diagnosis and management of immune-related adverse events among cancer patients","volume":"72","author":"\u00d6zdemir BC","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u00d6zdemir BC, Espinosa da Silva C, Arangalage D, et al.. Multidisciplinary recommendations for essential baseline functional and laboratory tests to facilitate early diagnosis and management of immune-related adverse events among cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2023, 72:1991-2001. 10.1007\/s00262-023-03436-0","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/463973-a-case-of-concurrent-autoimmune-thyroiditis-and-adrenal-insufficiency-following-nivolumab-therapy-for-advanced-renal-cell-carcinoma","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]],"date-time":"2026-05-24T17:29:13Z","timestamp":1779643753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/463973-a-case-of-concurrent-autoimmune-thyroiditis-and-adrenal-insufficiency-following-nivolumab-therapy-for-advanced-renal-cell-carcinoma"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.109548","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]]}}}