{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T07:05:11Z","timestamp":1779692711050,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.109575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T06:38:53Z","timestamp":1779691133000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Regenerative Endodontic Procedures in Immature Permanent Teeth: Biological Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alqedairi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-9657.2002.00097.x","article-title":"Long-term calcium hydroxide as a root canal dressing may increase risk of root fracture","volume":"18","author":"Andreasen JO","year":"2002","unstructured":"Andreasen JO, Farik B, Munksgaard EC. Long-term calcium hydroxide as a root canal dressing may increase risk of root fracture. Dent Traumatol. 2002, 18:134-7. 10.1034\/j.1600-9657.2002.00097.x","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200404000-00003","article-title":"Revascularization of immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis: new treatment protocol?","volume":"30","author":"Banchs F","year":"2004","unstructured":"Banchs F, Trope M. Revascularization of immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis: new treatment protocol?. J Endod. 2004, 30:196-200. 10.1097\/00004770-200404000-00003","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"AAE clinical considerations for a regenerative procedure, revised 5\/18\/2021. (2021). Accessed. May 24, 2026: https:\/\/www.aae.org\/specialty\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/ClinicalConsiderationsApprovedByREC062921.pdf."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2006.09.013","article-title":"Regenerative endodontics: a review of current status and a call for action","volume":"33","author":"Murray PE","year":"2007","unstructured":"Murray PE, Garcia-Godoy F, Hargreaves KM. Regenerative endodontics: a review of current status and a call for action. J Endod. 2007, 33:377-90. 10.1016\/j.joen.2006.09.013","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.03.001","article-title":"The hidden treasure in apical papilla: the potential role in pulp\/dentin regeneration and bioroot engineering","volume":"34","author":"Huang GT","year":"2008","unstructured":"Huang GT, Sonoyama W, Liu Y, Liu H, Wang S, Shi S. The hidden treasure in apical papilla: the potential role in pulp\/dentin regeneration and bioroot engineering. J Endod. 2008, 34:645-51. 10.1016\/j.joen.2008.03.001","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000079","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated functional tooth regeneration in swine","volume":"1","author":"Sonoyama W","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sonoyama W, Liu Y, Fang D, et al.. Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated functional tooth regeneration in swine. PLoS One. 2006, 1:e79. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0000079","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/etp.12040","article-title":"An update on clinical regenerative endodontics","volume":"28","author":"Diogenes A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Diogenes A, Henry MA, Teixeira FB, Hargreaves KM. An update on clinical regenerative endodontics. Endod Top. 2013, 28:2-23. 10.1111\/etp.12040","journal-title":"Endod Top"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511405326","article-title":"Scaffolds for dental pulp tissue engineering","volume":"23","author":"Galler KM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Galler KM, D'Souza RN, Hartgerink JD, Schmalz G. Scaffolds for dental pulp tissue engineering. Adv Dent Res. 2011, 23:333-9. 10.1177\/0022034511405326","journal-title":"Adv Dent Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.11.004","article-title":"Revitalization of tooth with necrotic pulp and open apex by using platelet-rich plasma: a case report","volume":"37","author":"Torabinejad M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Torabinejad M, Turman M. Revitalization of tooth with necrotic pulp and open apex by using platelet-rich plasma: a case report. J Endod. 2011, 37:265-8. 10.1016\/j.joen.2010.11.004","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2017\/22352.10056","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of PRP, PRF and induced bleeding in the revascularization of teeth with necrotic pulp and open apex: a triple blind randomized clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Shivashankar VY","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shivashankar VY, Johns DA, Maroli RK, Sekar M, Chandrasekaran R, Karthikeyan S, Renganathan SK. Comparison of the effect of PRP, PRF and induced bleeding in the revascularization of teeth with necrotic pulp and open apex: a triple blind randomized clinical trial. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017, 11:ZC34-9. 10.7860\/JCDR\/2017\/22352.10056","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060517692935","article-title":"Use of platelet-rich plasma for regeneration in non-vital immature permanent teeth: Clinical and cone-beam computed tomography evaluation","volume":"45","author":"Alagl A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alagl A, Bedi S, Hassan K, AlHumaid J. Use of platelet-rich plasma for regeneration in non-vital immature permanent teeth: Clinical and cone-beam computed tomography evaluation. J Int Med Res. 2017, 45:583-93. 10.1177\/0300060517692935","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-05109-5","article-title":"Efficacy of the injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) in gingival phenotype modification: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"24","author":"Idris MI","year":"2024","unstructured":"Idris MI, Burhan AS, Hajeer MY, Sultan K, Nawaya FR. Efficacy of the injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) in gingival phenotype modification: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Oral Health. 2024, 24:1331. 10.1186\/s12903-024-05109-5","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2011.05.013","article-title":"Effect of irrigants on the survival of human stem cells of the apical papilla in a platelet-rich plasma scaffold in human root tips","volume":"37","author":"Trevino EG","year":"2011","unstructured":"Trevino EG, Patwardhan AN, Henry MA, Perry G, Dybdal-Hargreaves N, Hargreaves KM, Diogenes A. Effect of irrigants on the survival of human stem cells of the apical papilla in a platelet-rich plasma scaffold in human root tips. J Endod. 2011, 37:1109-15. 10.1016\/j.joen.2011.05.013","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.06.018","article-title":"Direct effect of intracanal medicaments on survival of stem cells of the apical papilla","volume":"38","author":"Ruparel NB","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ruparel NB, Teixeira FB, Ferraz CC, Diogenes A. Direct effect of intracanal medicaments on survival of stem cells of the apical papilla. J Endod. 2012, 38:1372-5. 10.1016\/j.joen.2012.06.018","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12629","article-title":"European Society of Endodontology position statement: revitalization procedures","volume":"49","author":"Galler KM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Galler KM, Krastl G, Simon S, Van Gorp G, Meschi N, Vahedi B, Lambrechts P. European Society of Endodontology position statement: revitalization procedures. Int Endod J. 2016, 49:717-23. 10.1111\/iej.12629","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.10.032","article-title":"Revascularization outcomes: a prospective analysis of 16 consecutive cases","volume":"40","author":"Kahler B","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kahler B, Mistry S, Moule A, Ringsmuth AK, Case P, Thomson A, Holcombe T. Revascularization outcomes: a prospective analysis of 16 consecutive cases. J Endod. 2014, 40:333-8. 10.1016\/j.joen.2013.10.032","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.06.021","article-title":"A retrospective evaluation of radiographic outcomes in immature teeth with necrotic root canal systems treated with regenerative endodontic procedures","volume":"35","author":"Bose R","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bose R, Nummikoski P, Hargreaves K. A retrospective evaluation of radiographic outcomes in immature teeth with necrotic root canal systems treated with regenerative endodontic procedures. J Endod. 2009, 35:1343-9. 10.1016\/j.joen.2009.06.021","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.06.028","article-title":"Mahidol study 1: comparison of radiographic and survival outcomes of immature teeth treated with either regenerative endodontic or apexification methods: a retrospective study","volume":"38","author":"Jeeruphan T","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jeeruphan T, Jantarat J, Yanpiset K, Suwannapan L, Khewsawai P, Hargreaves KM. Mahidol study 1: comparison of radiographic and survival outcomes of immature teeth treated with either regenerative endodontic or apexification methods: a retrospective study. J Endod. 2012, 38:1330-6. 10.1016\/j.joen.2012.06.028","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2025.02.007","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of regenerative endodontic procedure: periapical healing, root development, and intracanal calcification","volume":"51","author":"Song M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Song M, Jung HI, Kim SG. Clinical outcomes of regenerative endodontic procedure: periapical healing, root development, and intracanal calcification. J Endod. 2025, 51:722-31. 10.1016\/j.joen.2025.02.007","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12072656","article-title":"Is revascularization the treatment of choice for traumatized necrotic immature teeth? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Swaikat M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Swaikat M, Faus-Matoses I, Zubizarreta-Macho \u00c1, et al.. Is revascularization the treatment of choice for traumatized necrotic immature teeth? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2023, 12:10.3390\/jcm12072656","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.08.017","article-title":"Mahidol study 2: treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of regenerative endodontic procedures in immature permanent teeth","volume":"50","author":"Theekakul C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Theekakul C, Banomyong D, Osiri S, Sutam N, Ongchavalit L, Jantarat J. Mahidol study 2: treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of regenerative endodontic procedures in immature permanent teeth. J Endod. 2024, 50:1569-78. 10.1016\/j.joen.2024.08.017","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.02.016","article-title":"Radiographic and clinical outcomes of the treatment of immature permanent teeth by revascularization or apexification: a pilot retrospective cohort study","volume":"40","author":"Alobaid AS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alobaid AS, Cortes LM, Lo J, et al.. Radiographic and clinical outcomes of the treatment of immature permanent teeth by revascularization or apexification: a pilot retrospective cohort study. J Endod. 2014, 40:1063-70. 10.1016\/j.joen.2014.02.016","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2016.01.009","article-title":"Regenerative endodontics: a way forward","volume":"147","author":"Diogenes A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Diogenes A, Ruparel NB, Shiloah Y, Hargreaves KM. Regenerative endodontics: a way forward. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016, 147:372-80. 10.1016\/j.adaj.2016.01.009","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.06.017","article-title":"Histologic observation of a human immature permanent tooth with irreversible pulpitis after revascularization\/regeneration procedure","volume":"38","author":"Shimizu E","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shimizu E, Jong G, Partridge N, Rosenberg PA, Lin LM. Histologic observation of a human immature permanent tooth with irreversible pulpitis after revascularization\/regeneration procedure. J Endod. 2012, 38:1293-7. 10.1016\/j.joen.2012.06.017","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2025.03.004","article-title":"CBCT-assessed outcomes and prognostic factors of primary endodontic treatment and retreatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Brochado Martins JF","year":"2025","unstructured":"Brochado Martins JF, Georgiou AC, Nunes PD, de Vries R, Afreixo VM, da Palma PJ, Shemesh H. CBCT-assessed outcomes and prognostic factors of primary endodontic treatment and retreatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endod. 2025, 51:687-706. 10.1016\/j.joen.2025.03.004","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.02.032","article-title":"Regeneration potential of the young permanent tooth: what does the future hold?","volume":"34","author":"Hargreaves KM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hargreaves KM, Giesler T, Henry M, Wang Y. Regeneration potential of the young permanent tooth: what does the future hold?. J Endod. 2008, 34:S51-6. 10.1016\/j.joen.2008.02.032","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.29850","article-title":"Evaluation of the chemical, morphological, physical, mechanical, and biological properties of chitosan\/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous scaffolds for potential use in oral tissue engineering","volume":"14","author":"Al-Madhagy G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Madhagy G, Alghoraibi I, Darwich K, Hajeer MY. Evaluation of the chemical, morphological, physical, mechanical, and biological properties of chitosan\/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous scaffolds for potential use in oral tissue engineering. Cureus. 2022, 14:e29850. 10.7759\/cureus.29850","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/498191-regenerative-endodontic-procedures-in-immature-permanent-teeth-biological-mechanisms-and-clinical-outcomes","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T06:38:54Z","timestamp":1779691134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/498191-regenerative-endodontic-procedures-in-immature-permanent-teeth-biological-mechanisms-and-clinical-outcomes"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]]},"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.109575","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]]}}}