{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T04:04:16Z","timestamp":1780113856037,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.109899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T03:29:42Z","timestamp":1780111782000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Microbial Colonization in Spot-Welded and Laser-Welded Orthodontic Bands: A Quantitative Analysis"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Sandra V","family":"Kala Vani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firoz","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Rajetanpure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bindu S","family":"Priya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemadri","family":"Sreerangam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavan","family":"Sai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2381","article-title":"Oral multispecies biofilm development and the key role of cell-cell distance","volume":"8","author":"Kolenbrander PE","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kolenbrander PE, Palmer RJ Jr, Periasamy S, Jakubovics NS. Oral multispecies biofilm development and the key role of cell-cell distance. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010, 8:471-480. 10.1038\/nrmicro2381","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ics.2005.06.071","article-title":"Microbial ecosystem in the oral cavity: metabolic diversity in an ecological niche and its relationship with oral diseases","volume":"1284","author":"Takahashi N","year":"2005","unstructured":"Takahashi N. Microbial ecosystem in the oral cavity: metabolic diversity in an ecological niche and its relationship with oral diseases. International Congress Series. 2005, 1284:103-112. 10.1016\/j.ics.2005.06.071","journal-title":"International Congress Series"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.job.2012.01.009","article-title":"Microbial composition of dental plaque microflora on first molars with orthodontic bands and brackets, and the acidogenic potential of these bacteria","volume":"54","author":"Komori R","year":"2012","unstructured":"Komori R, Sato T, Takano-Yamamoto T, Takahashi N. Microbial composition of dental plaque microflora on first molars with orthodontic bands and brackets, and the acidogenic potential of these bacteria. J Oral Biosci. 2012, 54:107-112. 10.1016\/j.job.2012.01.009","journal-title":"J Oral Biosci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.13172\/2054-2526-1-1-612","article-title":"Periodontal aspects in orthodontics","volume":"1","author":"Lauritano D","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lauritano D, Caccianiga G. Periodontal aspects in orthodontics. OA Dentistry. 2013, 1:1.","journal-title":"OA Dentistry"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Evaluation of microbial colonization on orthodontic attachments: a prospective study","volume":"6","author":"Shruthi DP","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shruthi DP, Malipatil NB, Prithviraj DR. Evaluation of microbial colonization on orthodontic attachments: a prospective study. J Cytol Histol. 2015, 6:1-4.","journal-title":"J Cytol Histol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2176-9451.19.2.046-055.oar","article-title":"The influence of orthodontic fixed appliances on the oral microbiota: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Freitas AO","year":"2014","unstructured":"Freitas AO, Marquezan M, Nojima Mda C, Alviano DS, Maia LC. The influence of orthodontic fixed appliances on the oral microbiota: a systematic review. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014, 19:46-55. 10.1590\/2176-9451.19.2.046-055.oar","journal-title":"Dental Press J Orthod"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051x.1987.tb00979.x","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological effects of fixed orthodontic appliances","volume":"14","author":"Diamanti-Kipioti A","year":"1987","unstructured":"Diamanti-Kipioti A, Gusberti FA, Lang NP. Clinical and microbiological effects of fixed orthodontic appliances. J Clin Periodontol. 1987, 14:326-333. 10.1111\/j.1600-051x.1987.tb00979.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2278-0203.115081","article-title":"Risk factors and management of white spot lesions in orthodontics","volume":"2","author":"Srivastava K","year":"2013","unstructured":"Srivastava K, Tikku T, Khanna R, Sachan K. Risk factors and management of white spot lesions in orthodontics. J Orthod Sci. 2013, 2:43-49. 10.4103\/2278-0203.115081","journal-title":"J Orthod Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2017.04.008","article-title":"Welding and joining of NiTi shape memory alloys: a review","volume":"88","author":"Oliveira JP","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oliveira JP, Miranda RM, Fernandes FMB. Welding and joining of NiTi shape memory alloys: a review. Prog Mater Sci. 2017, 88:412-466. 10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2017.04.008","journal-title":"Prog Mater Sci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-14392012005000049","article-title":"The effect of electric spot-welding on the mechanical properties of different orthodontic wire alloys","volume":"15","author":"Nascimento LE","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nascimento LE, Santos RL, Pithon MM, Ara\u00fajo MT, Nojima MG, Nojima LI. The effect of electric spot-welding on the mechanical properties of different orthodontic wire alloys. Mat Res. 2012, 15:409-414. 10.1590\/S1516-14392012005000049","journal-title":"Mat Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2014.10.008","article-title":"Laser and plasma dental soldering techniques applied to Ti-6Al-4V alloy: ultimate tensile strength and finite element analysis","volume":"113","author":"Castro MG","year":"2015","unstructured":"Castro MG, Ara\u00fajo CA, Menegaz GL, Silva JP, N\u00f3bilo MA, Simamoto J\u00fanior PC. Laser and plasma dental soldering techniques applied to Ti-6Al-4V alloy: ultimate tensile strength and finite element analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2015, 113:460-466. 10.1016\/j.prosdent.2014.10.008","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mi9050209","article-title":"Applications of laser welding in dentistry: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"9","author":"Perveen A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Perveen A, Molardi C, Fornaini C. Applications of laser welding in dentistry: a state-of-the-art review. Micromachines (Basel). 2018, 9:209. 10.3390\/mi9050209","journal-title":"Micromachines (Basel)"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Microbiological and clinical periodontal effects of fixed orthodontic appliances in pediatric patients","volume":"31","author":"Bue AM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bue AM, Blandino G, Milazzo I, Nicolosi D, Marco RD, Cali G. Microbiological and clinical periodontal effects of fixed orthodontic appliances in pediatric patients. Microbiologica. 2008, 31:299-302.","journal-title":"Microbiologica"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/3064","article-title":"Aseptic laboratory techniques: plating methods","author":"Sanders ER","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sanders ER. Aseptic laboratory techniques: plating methods. J Vis Exp. 2012, e3064. 10.3791\/3064","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(05)80054-X","article-title":"Effects of orthodontic bands on microbiologic and clinical parameters","volume":"97","author":"Huser MC","year":"1990","unstructured":"Huser MC, Baehni PC, Lang R. Effects of orthodontic bands on microbiologic and clinical parameters. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990, 97:213-218. 10.1016\/S0889-5406(05)80054-X","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1964.35.5.436","article-title":"Gingival enlargement coincident with orthodontic therapy","volume":"35","author":"Baer PN","year":"1964","unstructured":"Baer PN, Coccaro PJ. Gingival enlargement coincident with orthodontic therapy. J Periodontol. 1964, 35:436-439. 10.1902\/jop.1964.35.5.436","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(1968)038<0337:GHOLCI>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Gingival height of lower central incisors, orthodontically treated and untreated","volume":"38","author":"Pearson LE","year":"1968","unstructured":"Pearson LE. Gingival height of lower central incisors, orthodontically treated and untreated. Angle Orthod. 1968, 38:337-379. 10.1043\/0003-3219(1968)038&lt;0337:GHOLCI&gt;2.0.CO;2","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02165844","article-title":"Reaction and regeneration of the periodontium following treatment with fixed appliances and with removable plates [Article in German]","volume":"29","author":"Rateitschak KH","year":"1968","unstructured":"Rateitschak KH, Herzog-Specht F, Hotz R. Reaction and regeneration of the periodontium following treatment with fixed appliances and with removable plates [Article in German]. Fortschr Kieferorthop. 1968, 29:415-435. 10.1007\/BF02165844","journal-title":"Fortschr Kieferorthop"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(1973)043<0402:PCIOTA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Periodontal condition in orthodontically treated and untreated individuals. I. Loss of attachment, gingival pocket depth and clinical crown height","volume":"43","author":"Zachrisson BU","year":"1973","unstructured":"Zachrisson BU, Alnaes L. Periodontal condition in orthodontically treated and untreated individuals. I. Loss of attachment, gingival pocket depth and clinical crown height. Angle Orthod. 1973, 43:402-411. 10.1043\/0003-3219(1973)043&lt;0402:PCIOTA&gt;2.0.CO;2","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(1974)044<0127:TEOOTO>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontium","volume":"44","author":"Kloehn JS","year":"1974","unstructured":"Kloehn JS, Pfeifer JS. The effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontium. Angle Orthod. 1974, 44:127-134. 10.1043\/0003-3219(1974)044&lt;0127:TEOOTO&gt;2.0.CO;2","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Effect of orthodontic therapy with fixed and removable appliances on oral microbiota: a six-month longitudinal study","volume":"20","author":"Petti S","year":"1997","unstructured":"Petti S, Barbato E, Simonetti DA. Effect of orthodontic therapy with fixed and removable appliances on oral microbiota: a six-month longitudinal study. New Microbiol. 1997, 20:55-62.","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.10.022","article-title":"Changes in the subgingival microbiota and periodontal parameters before and 3 months after bracket placement","volume":"130","author":"Naranjo AA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Naranjo AA, Trivi\u00f1o ML, Jaramillo A, Betancourth M, Botero JE. Changes in the subgingival microbiota and periodontal parameters before and 3 months after bracket placement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006, 130:275.e17-275.e22. 10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.10.022","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.080153","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in microbiology and clinical periodontal variables after placement of fixed orthodontic appliances","volume":"79","author":"van Gastel J","year":"2008","unstructured":"van Gastel J, Quirynen M, Teughels W, Coucke W, Carels C. Longitudinal changes in microbiology and clinical periodontal variables after placement of fixed orthodontic appliances. J Periodontol. 2008, 79:2078-2086. 10.1902\/jop.2008.080153","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.04.017","article-title":"Clinical and microbiologic changes after removal of orthodontic appliances","volume":"126","author":"Sallum EJ","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sallum EJ, Nouer DF, Klein MI, Gon\u00e7alves RB, Machion L, Wilson Sallum A, Sallum EA. Clinical and microbiologic changes after removal of orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004, 126:363-366. 10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.04.017","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq032","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in microbiology and clinical periodontal parameters after removal of fixed orthodontic appliances","volume":"33","author":"van Gastel J","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Gastel J, Quirynen M, Teughels W, Coucke W, Carels C. Longitudinal changes in microbiology and clinical periodontal parameters after removal of fixed orthodontic appliances. Eur J Orthod. 2011, 33:15-21. 10.1093\/ejo\/cjq032","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Systematic plaque control in children undergoing long-term orthodontic treatment","volume":"2","author":"Lundstr\u00f6m F","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lundstr\u00f6m F, Hamp SE, Nyman S. Systematic plaque control in children undergoing long-term orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod. 1980, 2:27-39.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(76)90077-4","article-title":"Cause and prevention of injuries to teeth and supporting structures during orthodontic treatment","volume":"69","author":"Zachrisson BU","year":"1976","unstructured":"Zachrisson BU. Cause and prevention of injuries to teeth and supporting structures during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod. 1976, 69:285-300. 10.1016\/0002-9416(76)90077-4","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(1992)062<0117:PCITUO>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Periodontal considerations in the use of bands on molars in adolescents and adults","volume":"62","author":"Boyd RL","year":"1992","unstructured":"Boyd RL, Baumrind S. Periodontal considerations in the use of bands on molars in adolescents and adults. Angle Orthod. 1992, 62:117-126. 10.1043\/0003-3219(1992)062&lt;0117:PCITUO&gt;2.0.CO;2","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7126\/cdj.2013.1974","article-title":"Assessment of the periodontal health status in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances. A microbiological and preliminary clinical study","volume":"16","author":"Levrini L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Levrini L, Abbate GM, Migliori F, Germano OR, Sauro S, Caprioglio A. Assessment of the periodontal health status in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances. A microbiological and preliminary clinical study. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2013, 16:296-307. 10.7126\/cdj.2013.1974","journal-title":"Cumhuriyet Dent J"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2014.11.010","article-title":"The effect of orthodontic bands or tubes upon periodontal status during the initial phase of orthodontic treatment","volume":"27","author":"Al-Anezi SA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Anezi SA. The effect of orthodontic bands or tubes upon periodontal status during the initial phase of orthodontic treatment. Saudi Dent J. 2015, 27:120-124. 10.1016\/j.sdentj.2014.11.010","journal-title":"Saudi Dent J"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/486197-comparative-evaluation-of-microbial-colonization-in-spot-welded-and-laser-welded-orthodontic-bands-a-quantitative-analysis","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T03:29:50Z","timestamp":1780111790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/486197-comparative-evaluation-of-microbial-colonization-in-spot-welded-and-laser-welded-orthodontic-bands-a-quantitative-analysis"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.109899","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]}}}