{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T05:00:38Z","timestamp":1780722038147,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.110326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T04:19:05Z","timestamp":1780719545000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cytological Evaluation of Space-Occupying Lesions of the Liver by Fine Needle Aspiration"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Sanjeet","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bipin","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Suman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh K","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40487-021-00154-4","article-title":"Clinical management of liver cancer in India and other developing nations: a focus on radiation-based strategies","volume":"9","author":"Subramanian S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Subramanian S, Mallia MB, Shinto AS, Mathew AS. Clinical management of liver cancer in India and other developing nations: a focus on radiation-based strategies. Oncol Ther. 2021, 9:273-295. 10.1007\/s40487-021-00154-4","journal-title":"Oncol Ther"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.71330","article-title":"Recent advancements in known and emerging risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Hussain MM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hussain MM, Feng B, Wang JM, Zhai AQ, Li FY, Hu HJ. Recent advancements in known and emerging risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med. 2025, 14:e71330. 10.1002\/cam4.71330","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.21.4.g01jl16895","article-title":"Cystic focal liver lesions in the adult: differential CT and MR imaging features","volume":"21","author":"Mortel\u00e9 KJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mortel\u00e9 KJ, Ros PR. Cystic focal liver lesions in the adult: differential CT and MR imaging features. Radiographics. 2001, 21:895-910. 10.1148\/radiographics.21.4.g01jl16895","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02035034","article-title":"Clinical significance of focal echogenic liver lesions","volume":"11","author":"Pen JH","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pen JH, Pelckmans PA, van Maercke YM, Degryse HR, de Schepper AM. Clinical significance of focal echogenic liver lesions. Gastrointest Radiol. 1986, 11:61-66. 10.1007\/BF02035034","journal-title":"Gastrointest Radiol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10018-1058","article-title":"Profile of liver fine needle aspiration in tertiary care hospital","volume":"3","author":"Singh S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Singh S, Sen R, Kumar S, Gupta S, Chhabbra S, Sangwan M, Lamba S. Profile of liver fine needle aspiration in tertiary care hospital. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol. 2013, 3:31-35. 10.5005\/jp-journals-10018-1058","journal-title":"Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9371.42092","article-title":"Evaluation of FNAC in diagnosis of hepatic lesion","volume":"24","author":"Rasania A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rasania A, Pandey CL, Joshi N. Evaluation of FNAC in diagnosis of hepatic lesion. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol. 2007, 24:51-54. 10.4103\/0970-9371.42092","journal-title":"Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Scan-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in malignant hepatic disease","volume":"22","author":"Johnsen P","year":"1978","unstructured":"Johnsen P, Sevendsen KN. Scan-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in malignant hepatic disease. Acta cytol. 1978, 22:292-296.","journal-title":"Acta cytol"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosis of space occupying lesions (SOL) of liver","volume":"3","author":"Goel S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goel S, Hemrajani D, Sharma M. Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosis of space occupying lesions (SOL) of liver. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2014, 3:7480-7487.","journal-title":"J Evol Med Dent Sci"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Aspiration cytology of liver abscesses. With an emphasis on diagnostic pitfalls","volume":"39","author":"Wee A","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wee A, Nilsson B, Yap I, Chong SM. Aspiration cytology of liver abscesses. With an emphasis on diagnostic pitfalls. Acta Cytologica. 1995, 39:453-462.","journal-title":"Acta Cytologica"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9371.86344","article-title":"Value of ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration cytology in the investigative sequence of hepatic lesions with an emphasis on hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Swamy MC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Swamy MC, Arathi C, Kodandaswamy C. Value of ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration cytology in the investigative sequence of hepatic lesions with an emphasis on hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cytol. 2011, 28:178-184. 10.4103\/0970-9371.86344","journal-title":"J Cytol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2013\/4514.2745","article-title":"Ultrasound guided fnac of abdominal-pelvic masses-the pathologists' perspective","volume":"7","author":"Hemalatha AL","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hemalatha AL, Sindhuram VS, Sushma S, Suma JK, Varna I, Aditya A. Ultrasound guided fnac of abdominal-pelvic masses-the pathologists' perspective. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013, 7:273-277. 10.7860\/JCDR\/2013\/4514.2745","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.10097","article-title":"Radiologically guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the liver: retrospective study of 119 cases evaluating diagnostic effectiveness and clinical complications","volume":"26","author":"Guo Z","year":"2002","unstructured":"Guo Z, Kurtycz DF, Salem R, De Las Casas LE, Caya JG, Hoerl HD. Radiologically guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the liver: retrospective study of 119 cases evaluating diagnostic effectiveness and clinical complications. Diagn Cytopathol. 2002, 26:283-289. 10.1002\/dc.10097","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.011","article-title":"Primary liver cancer: worldwide incidence and trends","volume":"127","author":"Bosch FX","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bosch FX, Ribes J, D\u00edaz M, Cl\u00e9ries R. Primary liver cancer: worldwide incidence and trends. Gastroenterology. 2004, 127:S5-S16. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration cytology of liver: a study of 202 cases","volume":"57","author":"Gatphoh ED","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gatphoh ED, Gaytri S, Babina S, Singh AM. Fine needle aspiration cytology of liver: a study of 202 cases. Indian J Med Sci. 2003, 57:22-25.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000508568","article-title":"The burden and trends of primary liver cancer caused by specific etiologies from 1990 to 2017 at the global, regional, national, age, and sex levels: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"9","author":"Lin L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin L, Yan L, Liu Y, Qu C, Ni J, Li H. The burden and trends of primary liver cancer caused by specific etiologies from 1990 to 2017 at the global, regional, national, age, and sex levels: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Liver Cancer. 2017, 9:563-582. 10.1159\/000508568","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1607-551X(09)70546-7","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with liver abscess","volume":"25","author":"Huang CI","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huang CI, Wang LY, Yeh ML, Hsieh MY, Huang JF, Lin ZY, Chuang WL. Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with liver abscess. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2009, 25:537-543. 10.1016\/S1607-551X(09)70546-7","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Role of guided fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis and classification of liver malignancies","volume":"1","author":"Das DK","year":"1997","unstructured":"Das DK, Tripathi RP, Kumar N, et al.. Role of guided fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis and classification of liver malignancies. Trop Gastroenterol. 1997, 1:101-106.","journal-title":"Trop Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpsur.2011.09.009","article-title":"Malignant liver tumours","volume":"29","author":"Gomez D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gomez D, Lobo DN. Malignant liver tumours. Surg Oxf. 2011, 29:632-639. 10.1016\/j.mpsur.2011.09.009","journal-title":"Surg Oxf"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2024.102446","article-title":"Global epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Singh SP","year":"2025","unstructured":"Singh SP, Madke T, Chand P. Global epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2025, 15:102446. 10.1016\/j.jceh.2024.102446","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.12.061","article-title":"Epidemiology of viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"142","author":"El-Serag HB","year":"2012","unstructured":"El-Serag HB. Epidemiology of viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2012, 142:1264.e1-1273.e1. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.12.061","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800682","article-title":"Neoplasms of the liver","volume":"20","author":"Goodman ZD","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goodman ZD. Neoplasms of the liver. Mod Pathol. 2007, 20:S49-S60. 10.1038\/modpathol.3800682","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107327480601300103","article-title":"Pathology of liver metastases","volume":"13","author":"Centeno BA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Centeno BA. Pathology of liver metastases. Cancer Control. 2006, 13:13-26. 10.1177\/107327480601300103","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-016-2240-x","article-title":"Space occupying lesions in the liver","volume":"83","author":"Thyagarajan MS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thyagarajan MS, Sharif K. Space occupying lesions in the liver. Indian J Pediatr. 2016, 83:1291-1302. 10.1007\/s12098-016-2240-x","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-939841","article-title":"Epidemiology of primary and secondary liver cancers","volume":"23","author":"Ananthakrishnan A","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ananthakrishnan A, Gogineni V, Saeian K. Epidemiology of primary and secondary liver cancers. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2006, 23:47-63. 10.1055\/s-2006-939841","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901388","article-title":"Global burden of aflatoxin-induced hepatocellular carcinoma: a risk assessment","volume":"118","author":"Liu Y","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wu F. Global burden of aflatoxin-induced hepatocellular carcinoma: a risk assessment. Environ Health Perspect. 2010, 118:818-824. 10.1289\/ehp.0901388","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.183","article-title":"NAFLD, NASH and liver cancer","volume":"10","author":"Michelotti GA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Michelotti GA, Machado MV, Diehl AM. NAFLD, NASH and liver cancer. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013, 10:656-665. 10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.183","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/493487-cytological-evaluation-of-space-occupying-lesions-of-the-liver-by-fine-needle-aspiration","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T04:19:07Z","timestamp":1780719547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/493487-cytological-evaluation-of-space-occupying-lesions-of-the-liver-by-fine-needle-aspiration"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"references-count":26,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.110326","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]}}}