{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T12:57:08Z","timestamp":1781269028154,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.110729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T12:01:26Z","timestamp":1781265686000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Factors of Gallstone Disease in the High-Altitude Tribal Population of Spiti Valley, Northern India: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Vipan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viper","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushma","family":"Makhaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Rajta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Digvijay","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaman","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudhakar","family":"Chugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.01.051","article-title":"Global epidemiology of gallstones in the 21st century: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Wang X","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang X, Yu W, Jiang G, et al.. Global epidemiology of gallstones in the 21st century: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024, 22:1586-95. 10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.01.051","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-2574.2010.00255.x","article-title":"Population-based study to estimate prevalence and determine risk factors of gallbladder diseases in the rural Gangetic basin of North India","volume":"13","author":"Unisa S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Unisa S, Jagannath P, Dhir V, Khandelwal C, Sarangi L, Roy TK. Population-based study to estimate prevalence and determine risk factors of gallbladder diseases in the rural Gangetic basin of North India. HPB (Oxford). 2011, 13:117-25. 10.1111\/j.1477-2574.2010.00255.x","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.2.201","article-title":"Prevalence of biliary tract disease in India: a sonographic study in adult population in Kashmir","volume":"30","author":"Khuroo MS","year":"1989","unstructured":"Khuroo MS, Mahajan R, Zargar SA, Javid G, Sapru S. Prevalence of biliary tract disease in India: a sonographic study in adult population in Kashmir. Gut. 1989, 30:201-5. 10.1136\/gut.30.2.201","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2025-004015","article-title":"Prevalence of gallstone disease in India: insights from a community-based cross-sectional study","volume":"4","author":"Mohite SU","year":"2026","unstructured":"Mohite SU, Panse N, Kannan R, et al.. Prevalence of gallstone disease in India: insights from a community-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Public Health. 2026, 4:e004015. 10.1136\/bmjph-2025-004015","journal-title":"BMJ Public Health"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.00787.x","article-title":"Gallstone disease in high-altitude Peruvian rural populations","volume":"94","author":"Moro PL","year":"1999","unstructured":"Moro PL, Checkley W, Gilman RH, et al.. Gallstone disease in high-altitude Peruvian rural populations. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999, 94:153-8. 10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.00787.x","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.4.569","article-title":"Gallstone disease in Peruvian coastal natives and highland migrants","volume":"46","author":"Moro PL","year":"2000","unstructured":"Moro PL, Checkley W, Gilman RH, et al.. Gallstone disease in Peruvian coastal natives and highland migrants. Gut. 2000, 46:569-73. 10.1136\/gut.46.4.569","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04480-z","article-title":"Prevalence of gallstone disease and its association with altitude and ethnicity among employee health check-upers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","volume":"25","author":"Qi S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qi S, Li L, Yan Y, et al.. Prevalence of gallstone disease and its association with altitude and ethnicity among employee health check-upers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. BMC Gastroenterol. 2025, 25:873. 10.1186\/s12876-025-04480-z","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04381.x","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of gallstone disease in an adult population of Taiwan: an epidemiological survey","volume":"21","author":"Chen CH","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chen CH, Huang MH, Yang JC, et al.. Prevalence and risk factors of gallstone disease in an adult population of Taiwan: an epidemiological survey. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006, 21:1737-43. 10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04381.x","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v8n4p60","article-title":"The prevalence and risk factors of gallstone among adults in South-East of Iran: a population-based study","volume":"8","author":"Ansari-Moghaddam A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ansari-Moghaddam A, Khorram A, Miri-Bonjar M, Mohammadi M, Ansari H. The prevalence and risk factors of gallstone among adults in South-East of Iran: a population-based study. Glob J Health Sci. 2015, 8:60-7. 10.5539\/gjhs.v8n4p60","journal-title":"Glob J Health Sci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-006-0346-x","article-title":"Gender and gallstone disease","volume":"156","author":"Novacek G","year":"2006","unstructured":"Novacek G. Gender and gallstone disease. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2006, 156:527-33. 10.1007\/s10354-006-0346-x","journal-title":"Wien Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200206000-00012","article-title":"Gallstones: genetics versus environment","volume":"235","author":"Nakeeb A","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nakeeb A, Comuzzie AG, Martin L, et al.. Gallstones: genetics versus environment. Ann Surg. 2002, 235:842-9. 10.1097\/00000658-200206000-00012","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of gallstone disease in a high altitude Saudi population","volume":"13","author":"Abu-Eshy SA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abu-Eshy SA, Mahfouz AA, Badr A, et al.. Prevalence and risk factors of gallstone disease in a high altitude Saudi population. East Mediterr Health J. 2007, 13:794-802.","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14701\/ahbps.22-056","article-title":"The link between Helicobacter pylori infection and gallbladder and biliary tract diseases: a review","volume":"27","author":"Lim KP","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lim KP, Lee AJ, Jiang X, Teng TZ, Shelat VG. The link between Helicobacter pylori infection and gallbladder and biliary tract diseases: a review. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2023, 27:241-50. 10.14701\/ahbps.22-056","journal-title":"Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.61238","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and biliary diseases: a comprehensive analysis using the United States National Inpatient Sample (2016-2020)","volume":"16","author":"Ahmad SO","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmad SO, AlAmr M, Taftafa A, et al.. Exploring the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and biliary diseases: a comprehensive analysis using the United States National Inpatient Sample (2016-2020). Cureus. 2024, 16:e61238. 10.7759\/cureus.61238","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200102000-00009","article-title":"Lack of association between Helicobacter sp colonization and gallstone disease","volume":"32","author":"M\u00e9ndez-S\u00e1nchez N","year":"2001","unstructured":"M\u00e9ndez-S\u00e1nchez N, Pichardo R, Gonz\u00e1lez J, et al.. Lack of association between Helicobacter sp colonization and gallstone disease. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001, 32:138-41. 10.1097\/00004836-200102000-00009","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i23.7392","article-title":"Radiologic evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Lee SS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee SS, Park SH. Radiologic evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2014, 20:7392-402. 10.3748\/wjg.v20.i23.7392","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Sonographic assessment of fatty liver: intraobserver and interobserver variability","volume":"7","author":"Cengiz M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cengiz M, Sent\u00fcrk S, Cetin B, Bayrak AH, Bilek SU. Sonographic assessment of fatty liver: intraobserver and interobserver variability. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014, 7:5453-60.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/503434-prevalence-and-factors-of-gallstone-disease-in-the-high-altitude-tribal-population-of-spiti-valley-northern-india-a-population-based-cross-sectional-study","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T12:01:27Z","timestamp":1781265687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/503434-prevalence-and-factors-of-gallstone-disease-in-the-high-altitude-tribal-population-of-spiti-valley-northern-india-a-population-based-cross-sectional-study"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"references-count":17,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.110729","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]}}}