{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T16:55:42Z","timestamp":1781542542732,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.110902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T16:30:47Z","timestamp":1781541047000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing Facial Skin Hydration via Tissue Dielectric Constant (TDC): Suitability of Single Versus Multiple Measurements"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Harvey N","family":"Mayrovitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.50531","article-title":"Medical applications of skin tissue dielectric constant measurements","volume":"15","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN. Medical applications of skin tissue dielectric constant measurements. Cureus. 2023, 15:e50531. 10.7759\/cureus.50531","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.720202","article-title":"Variational formulation of open-ended coaxial line in contact with layered biological medium","volume":"45","author":"Alanen E","year":"1998","unstructured":"Alanen E, Lahtinen T, Nuutinen J. Variational formulation of open-ended coaxial line in contact with layered biological medium. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1998, 45:1241-8. 10.1109\/10.720202","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/44\/7\/404","article-title":"Penetration of electromagnetic fields of an open-ended coaxial probe between 1 MHz and 1 GHz in dielectric skin measurements","volume":"44","author":"Alanen E","year":"1999","unstructured":"Alanen E, Lahtinen T, Nuutinen J. Penetration of electromagnetic fields of an open-ended coaxial probe between 1 MHz and 1 GHz in dielectric skin measurements. Phys Med Biol. 1999, 44:N169-76. 10.1088\/0031-9155\/44\/7\/404","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/41\/11\/002","article-title":"The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz","volume":"41","author":"Gabriel S","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gabriel S, Lau RW, Gabriel C. The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. Phys Med Biol. 1996, 41:2251-69. 10.1088\/0031-9155\/41\/11\/002","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250020202","article-title":"Dielectric properties of animal tissues in vivo at frequencies 10 MHz--1 GHz","volume":"2","author":"Stuchly MA","year":"1981","unstructured":"Stuchly MA, Athey TW, Stuchly SS, Samaras GM, Taylor G. Dielectric properties of animal tissues in vivo at frequencies 10 MHz--1 GHz. Bioelectromagnetics. 1981, 2:93-103. 10.1002\/bem.2250020202","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2022.2044914","article-title":"Changes in the skin characteristics associated with dehydration and rehydration","volume":"23","author":"Eda N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eda N, Nakamura N, Inai Y, Sun Z, Sone R, Watanabe K, Akama T. Changes in the skin characteristics associated with dehydration and rehydration. Eur J Sport Sci. 2023, 23:552-60. 10.1080\/17461391.2022.2044914","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12605","article-title":"Heat-related changes in skin tissue dielectric constant (TDC)","volume":"40","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN, Berdichevskiy G, Lorenzo-Valido C, Clavijo Fernandez M. Heat-related changes in skin tissue dielectric constant (TDC). Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2020, 40:76-82. 10.1111\/cpf.12605","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Assessing free and bound water in skin at 300 MHz using tissue dielectric measurements with the MoistureMeterD","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN. Assessing free and bound water in skin at 300 MHz using tissue dielectric measurements with the MoistureMeterD. Lymphedema. Greene AK, Brorson H, Slavin SA (ed): Springer, Cham, Switzerland; 2015. 133-48."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12185","article-title":"Comparative study of temporary effect on the water content at different depths of the skin by hot and cold moisturizing formulations","volume":"21","author":"Cort\u00e1zar TM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cort\u00e1zar TM, Guzm\u00e1n-Alonso M, Novoa H, Ria\u00f1o M. Comparative study of temporary effect on the water content at different depths of the skin by hot and cold moisturizing formulations. Skin Res Technol. 2015, 21:265-71. 10.1111\/srt.12185","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2007.00716.x","article-title":"Skin tissue water and laser Doppler blood flow during a menstrual cycle","volume":"27","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN, Brown-Cross D, Washington Z. Skin tissue water and laser Doppler blood flow during a menstrual cycle. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2007, 27:54-9. 10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2007.00716.x","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12815","article-title":"The effect of adjuvant radiotherapy on skin biophysical properties in patients with breast cancer at risk for breast lymphedema: a prospective study","volume":"43","author":"Tu\u011fral A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tu\u011fral A, Akyol M, Bakar Y. The effect of adjuvant radiotherapy on skin biophysical properties in patients with breast cancer at risk for breast lymphedema: a prospective study. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2023, 43:263-70. 10.1111\/cpf.12815","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15061758","article-title":"Improving the assessment and diagnosis of breast lymphedema after treatment for breast cancer","volume":"15","author":"Riches K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Riches K, Cheung KL, Keeley V. Improving the assessment and diagnosis of breast lymphedema after treatment for breast cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2023, 15:1758. 10.3390\/cancers15061758","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15102674","article-title":"Early intervention with a compression sleeve in mild breast cancer-related arm lymphedema: a 12-month prospective observational study","volume":"15","author":"Johansson K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Johansson K, Blom K, Nilsson-Wikmar L, Brog\u00e5rdh C. Early intervention with a compression sleeve in mild breast cancer-related arm lymphedema: a 12-month prospective observational study. Cancers (Basel). 2023, 15:2674. 10.3390\/cancers15102674","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Changes in tissue water and indentation resistance of lymphedematous limbs accompanying low level laser therapy (LLLT) of fibrotic skin","volume":"44","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN, Davey S. Changes in tissue water and indentation resistance of lymphedematous limbs accompanying low level laser therapy (LLLT) of fibrotic skin. Lymphology. 2011, 44:168-77.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Assessing local tissue edema in postmastectomy lymphedema","volume":"40","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN. Assessing local tissue edema in postmastectomy lymphedema. Lymphology. 2007, 40:87-94.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296816662284","article-title":"Arm, leg, and foot skin water in persons with diabetes mellitus (DM) in relation to HbA1c assessed by tissue dielectric constant (TDC) technology measured at 300 MHz","volume":"11","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN, Volosko I, Sarkar B, Pandya N. Arm, leg, and foot skin water in persons with diabetes mellitus (DM) in relation to HbA1c assessed by tissue dielectric constant (TDC) technology measured at 300 MHz. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2017, 11:584-9. 10.1177\/1932296816662284","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2012.0197","article-title":"Skin tissue water assessed via tissue dielectric constant measurements in persons with and without diabetes mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN, McClymont A, Pandya N. Skin tissue water assessed via tissue dielectric constant measurements in persons with and without diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2013, 15:60-5. 10.1089\/dia.2012.0197","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2018.0016","article-title":"Assessing upper and lower extremities via tissue dielectric constant: suitability of single versus multiple measurements averaged","volume":"17","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN. Assessing upper and lower extremities via tissue dielectric constant: suitability of single versus multiple measurements averaged. Lymphat Res Biol. 2019, 17:316-21. 10.1089\/lrb.2018.0016","journal-title":"Lymphat Res Biol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040834","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of dual-frequency ultrasound for improving skin hydration and erythema in patients with rosacea and acne","volume":"10","author":"Kim YJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim YJ, Moon IJ, Lee HW, et al.. The efficacy and safety of dual-frequency ultrasound for improving skin hydration and erythema in patients with rosacea and acne. J Clin Med. 2021, 10:834. 10.3390\/jcm10040834","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-019-00331-4","article-title":"An open-label, intra-individual study to evaluate a regimen of three cosmetic products combined with medical treatment of rosacea: cutaneous tolerability and effect on hydration","volume":"9","author":"Santoro F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Santoro F, Lachmann N. An open-label, intra-individual study to evaluate a regimen of three cosmetic products combined with medical treatment of rosacea: cutaneous tolerability and effect on hydration. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2019, 9:775-84. 10.1007\/s13555-019-00331-4","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.118035","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of topical ziyun ointment in improving skin hydration and reducing transepidermal water loss in psoriasis","volume":"22","author":"Hsiao YP","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hsiao YP, Ou WL, Lu CT, Ko JL, Hsu CT, Tang SC. Clinical efficacy of topical ziyun ointment in improving skin hydration and reducing transepidermal water loss in psoriasis. Int J Med Sci. 2025, 22:4026-35. 10.7150\/ijms.118035","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2012.24.2.168","article-title":"Changes in transepidermal water loss and skin hydration according to expression of aquaporin-3 in psoriasis","volume":"24","author":"Lee Y","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee Y, Je YJ, Lee SS, et al.. Changes in transepidermal water loss and skin hydration according to expression of aquaporin-3 in psoriasis. Ann Dermatol. 2012, 24:168-74. 10.5021\/ad.2012.24.2.168","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12809\/hkmj198150","article-title":"Age, sex, and disease status as determinants of skin hydration and transepidermal water loss among children with and without eczema","volume":"26","author":"Hon KL","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hon KL, Lam PH, Ng WG, et al.. Age, sex, and disease status as determinants of skin hydration and transepidermal water loss among children with and without eczema. Hong Kong Med J. 2020, 26:19-26. 10.12809\/hkmj198150","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-017-0188-z","article-title":"A double-blind, randomised study comparing the skin hydration and acceptability of two emollient products in atopic eczema patients with dry skin","volume":"7","author":"Djokic-Gallagher J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Djokic-Gallagher J, Rosher P, Oliveira G, Walker J. A double-blind, randomised study comparing the skin hydration and acceptability of two emollient products in atopic eczema patients with dry skin. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2017, 7:397-406. 10.1007\/s13555-017-0188-z","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12955","article-title":"Self-perceived and objective measurements of facial puffiness in Chinese women","volume":"27","author":"Nkengne A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nkengne A, Robic J, Lua BL. Self-perceived and objective measurements of facial puffiness in Chinese women. Skin Res Technol. 2021, 27:385-92. 10.1111\/srt.12955","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12000","article-title":"Biophysical measures of skin tissue water: variations within and among anatomical sites and correlations between measures","volume":"19","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN, Bernal M, Brlit F, Desfor R. Biophysical measures of skin tissue water: variations within and among anatomical sites and correlations between measures. Skin Res Technol. 2013, 19:47-54. 10.1111\/srt.12000","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12294","article-title":"The influence of gender and age on the thickness and echo-density of skin","volume":"23","author":"Firooz A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Firooz A, Rajabi-Estarabadi A, Zartab H, Pazhohi N, Fanian F, Janani L. The influence of gender and age on the thickness and echo-density of skin. Skin Res Technol. 2017, 23:13-20. 10.1111\/srt.12294","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-022-00839-w","article-title":"Application of high-frequency ultrasound to assess facial skin thickness in association with gender, age, and BMI in healthy adults","volume":"22","author":"Meng Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meng Y, Feng L, Shan J, Yuan Z, Jin L. Application of high-frequency ultrasound to assess facial skin thickness in association with gender, age, and BMI in healthy adults. BMC Med Imaging. 2022, 22:113. 10.1186\/s12880-022-00839-w","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20147","article-title":"Dielectric properties of biological tissue: variation with age","volume":"Suppl 7","author":"Gabriel C","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gabriel C. Dielectric properties of biological tissue: variation with age. Bioelectromagnetics. 2005, Suppl 7:S12-8. 10.1002\/bem.20147","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12477","article-title":"Age and hydration dependence of jowl and forearm skin firmness in young and mature women","volume":"17","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN, Wong J, Fasen M. Age and hydration dependence of jowl and forearm skin firmness in young and mature women. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018, 17:1262-70. 10.1111\/jocd.12477","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/502576-assessing-facial-skin-hydration-via-tissue-dielectric-constant-tdc-suitability-of-single-versus-multiple-measurements","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T16:30:48Z","timestamp":1781541048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/502576-assessing-facial-skin-hydration-via-tissue-dielectric-constant-tdc-suitability-of-single-versus-multiple-measurements"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.110902","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]}}}