{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T02:52:52Z","timestamp":1781578372495,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.110927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T02:34:44Z","timestamp":1781577284000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of Bilateral Arm Training on Upper Limb Functional Mobility in Stroke Survivors"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Yukti  K","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suraj","family":"Kanase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e318296aeca","article-title":"An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"44","author":"Sacco RL","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sacco RL, Kasner SE, Broderick JP, et al.. An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2013, 44:2064-89. 10.1161\/STR.0b013e318296aeca","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00252-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"20","author":"GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators","year":"2021","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol. 2021, 20:795-820. 10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00252-0","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpmed.2020.06.002","article-title":"Stroke: causes and clinical features","volume":"48","author":"Murphy SJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murphy SJ, Werring DJ. Stroke: causes and clinical features. Medicine (Abingdon). 2020, 48:561-6. 10.1016\/j.mpmed.2020.06.002","journal-title":"Medicine (Abingdon)"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Clinical Consequences of Stroke. Evidence-Based Review of Stroke Rehabilitation","author":"Robert Teasell M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Robert Teasell M, Hussein N. Clinical Consequences of Stroke. Evidence-Based Review of Stroke Rehabilitation. Evidence-Based Review of Stroke Rehabilitation (EBRSR). Ontario, Canada; 2016. 1-30."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930241308142","article-title":"World Stroke Organization: Global stroke fact sheet 2025","volume":"20","author":"Feigin VL","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feigin VL, Brainin M, Norrving B, et al.. World Stroke Organization: Global stroke fact sheet 2025. Int J Stroke. 2025, 20:132-44. 10.1177\/17474930241308142","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211065917","article-title":"World stroke organization (WSO): global stroke fact sheet 2022","volume":"17","author":"Feigin VL","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feigin VL, Brainin M, Norrving B, et al.. World stroke organization (WSO): global stroke fact sheet 2022. Int J Stroke. 2022, 17:18-29. 10.1177\/17474930211065917","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211027834","article-title":"Stroke in India: a systematic review of the incidence, prevalence, and case fatality","volume":"17","author":"Jones SP","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jones SP, Baqai K, Clegg A, et al.. Stroke in India: a systematic review of the incidence, prevalence, and case fatality. Int J Stroke. 2022, 17:132-40. 10.1177\/17474930211027834","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_516_15","article-title":"Incidence & prevalence of stroke in India: a systematic review","volume":"146","author":"Kamalakannan S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kamalakannan S, Gudlavalleti AS, Gudlavalleti VS, Goenka S, Kuper H. Incidence & prevalence of stroke in India: a systematic review. Indian J Med Res. 2017, 146:175-85. 10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_516_15","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0166-2236(99)01401-0","article-title":"Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: an integrated view","volume":"22","author":"Dirnagl U","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dirnagl U, Iadecola C, Moskowitz MA. Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: an integrated view. Trends Neurosci. 1999, 22:391-7. 10.1016\/s0166-2236(99)01401-0","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207609","article-title":"Pathophysiology and treatment of stroke: present status and future perspectives","volume":"21","author":"Kuriakose D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuriakose D, Xiao Z. Pathophysiology and treatment of stroke: present status and future perspectives. Int J Mol Sci. 2020, 21:7609. 10.3390\/ijms21207609","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Stroke Revisited: Hemorrhagic Stroke","author":"Lee SH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee SH. Stroke Revisited: Hemorrhagic Stroke. Springer, Singapore; 2018."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13225","article-title":"Hemorrhagic stroke-pathomechanisms of injury and therapeutic options","volume":"25","author":"Chaudhary N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chaudhary N, Pandey AS, Wang X, Xi G. Hemorrhagic stroke-pathomechanisms of injury and therapeutic options. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2019, 25:1073-4. 10.1111\/cns.13225","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2017.01.006","article-title":"Comparison of neurological clinical manifestation in patients with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke","volume":"8","author":"Ojaghihaghighi S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ojaghihaghighi S, Vahdati SS, Mikaeilpour A, Ramouz A. Comparison of neurological clinical manifestation in patients with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. World J Emerg Med. 2017, 8:34-8. 10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2017.01.006","journal-title":"World J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2015.06.008","article-title":"Upper limb motor impairment after stroke","volume":"26","author":"Raghavan P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raghavan P. Upper limb motor impairment after stroke. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2015, 26:599-610. 10.1016\/j.pmr.2015.06.008","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2012.06.005","article-title":"Assessment of upper extremity impairment, function, and activity after stroke: foundations for clinical decision making","volume":"26","author":"Lang CE","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lang CE, Bland MD, Bailey RR, Schaefer SY, Birkenmeier RL. Assessment of upper extremity impairment, function, and activity after stroke: foundations for clinical decision making. J Hand Ther. 2013, 26:104-14;quiz 115. 10.1016\/j.jht.2012.06.005","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6621950","article-title":"Motor function assessment of upper limb in stroke patients","volume":"2021","author":"Pan B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pan B, Huang Z, Jin T, Wu J, Zhang Z, Shen Y. Motor function assessment of upper limb in stroke patients. J Healthc Eng. 2021, 2021:6621950. 10.1155\/2021\/6621950","journal-title":"J Healthc Eng"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2020.1743775","article-title":"The experience of upper-limb dysfunction after stroke: a phenomenological study","volume":"6","author":"Purton J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Purton J, Sim J, Hunter SM. The experience of upper-limb dysfunction after stroke: a phenomenological study. Disabil Rehabil. 2021, 6:3377-86. 10.1080\/09638288.2020.1743775","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.662006","article-title":"Impairment and compensation in dexterous upper-limb function after stroke. From the direct consequences of pyramidal tract lesions to behavioral involvement of both upper-limbs in daily activities","volume":"15","author":"Roby-Brami A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roby-Brami A, Jarrass\u00e9 N, Parry R. Impairment and compensation in dexterous upper-limb function after stroke. From the direct consequences of pyramidal tract lesions to behavioral involvement of both upper-limbs in daily activities. Front Hum Neurosci. 2021, 15:662006. 10.3389\/fnhum.2021.662006","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010820.pub2","article-title":"Interventions for improving upper limb function after stroke","volume":"2014","author":"Pollock A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pollock A, Farmer SE, Brady MC, Langhorne P, Mead GE, Mehrholz J, van Wijck F. Interventions for improving upper limb function after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014, 2014:CD010820. 10.1002\/14651858.CD010820.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"A review of rehabilitation devices to promote upper limb function following stroke","volume":"4","author":"Brackenridge J","year":"20161","unstructured":"Brackenridge J, Bradnam VL, Lennon S, J. Costi J, Hobbs AD. A review of rehabilitation devices to promote upper limb function following stroke. Neurosci Biomed Eng. 20161, 4:25-42.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.1681","article-title":"The effect of mirror therapy on upper-extremity function and activities of daily living in stroke patients","volume":"27","author":"Park JY","year":"2015","unstructured":"Park JY, Chang M, Kim KM, Kim HJ. The effect of mirror therapy on upper-extremity function and activities of daily living in stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015, 27:1681-3. 10.1589\/jpts.27.1681","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.08.007","article-title":"Virtual reality in upper extremity rehabilitation of stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Afsar SI","year":"20181","unstructured":"Afsar SI, Mirzayev I, Yemisci OU, Saracgil SN. Virtual reality in upper extremity rehabilitation of stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 20181, 27:3473-8. 10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.08.007","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.05.031","article-title":"Effects of exergame on patients' balance and upper limb motor function after stroke: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"1","author":"Henrique PP","year":"2019","unstructured":"Henrique PP, Colussi EL, De Marchi AC. Effects of exergame on patients' balance and upper limb motor function after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019, 1:2351-7. 10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.05.031","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154792","article-title":"Upper limb outcome measures used in stroke rehabilitation studies: a systematic literature review","volume":"11","author":"Santisteban L","year":"2016","unstructured":"Santisteban L, T\u00e9r\u00e9metz M, Bleton JP, Baron JC, Maier MA, Lindberg PG. Upper limb outcome measures used in stroke rehabilitation studies: a systematic literature review. PLoS One. 2016, 11:e0154792. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0154792","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158640","article-title":"Upper extremity functional evaluation by Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scoring using depth-sensing camera in hemiplegic stroke patients","volume":"11","author":"Kim WS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim WS, Cho S, Baek D, Bang H, Paik NJ. Upper extremity functional evaluation by Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scoring using depth-sensing camera in hemiplegic stroke patients. PLoS One. 2016, 11:e0158640. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0158640","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. 1. a method for evaluation of physical performance","volume":"7","author":"Fugl-Meyer AR","year":"1975","unstructured":"Fugl-Meyer AR, J\u00e4\u00e4sk\u00f6 L, Leyman I, Olsson S, Steglind S. The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. 1. a method for evaluation of physical performance. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1975, 7:13-31.","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004356-198112000-00001","article-title":"A performance test for assessment of upper limb function in physical rehabilitation treatment and research","volume":"4","author":"Lyle RC","year":"1981","unstructured":"Lyle RC. A performance test for assessment of upper limb function in physical rehabilitation treatment and research. Int J Rehabil Res. 1981, 4:483-92. 10.1097\/00004356-198112000-00001","journal-title":"Int J Rehabil Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-9-57","article-title":"Comparing unilateral and bilateral upper limb training: the ULTRA-stroke program design","volume":"9","author":"van Delden AL","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Delden AL, Peper CL, Harlaar J, et al.. Comparing unilateral and bilateral upper limb training: the ULTRA-stroke program design. BMC Neurol. 2009, 9:57. 10.1186\/1471-2377-9-57","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638280903483877","article-title":"The impact of bilateral therapy on upper limb function after chronic stroke: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Latimer CP","year":"20101","unstructured":"Latimer CP, Keeling J, Lin B, Henderson M, Hale LA. The impact of bilateral therapy on upper limb function after chronic stroke: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 20101, 32:1221-31. 10.3109\/09638280903483877","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-395690026-6","article-title":"\"Mini-mental state\". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein MF","year":"1975","unstructured":"Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. \"Mini-mental state\". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975, 12:189-98. 10.1016\/0022-395690026-6","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.875794","article-title":"Effectiveness and success factors of bilateral arm training after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Chen S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen S, Qiu Y, Bassile CC, Lee A, Chen R, Xu D. Effectiveness and success factors of bilateral arm training after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022, 14:875794. 10.3389\/fnagi.2022.875794","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107131","article-title":"Effect of task-based bilateral arm training on upper limb recovery after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Gnanaprakasam A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gnanaprakasam A, Karthikbabu S, Ravishankar N, Solomon JM. Effect of task-based bilateral arm training on upper limb recovery after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2023, 32:107131. 10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107131","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0928","article-title":"Unilateral versus bilateral upper limb exercise therapy after stroke: a systematic review","volume":"44","author":"van Delden AEQ","year":"2012","unstructured":"van Delden AEQ, Peper CE, Beek PJ, Kwakkel G. Unilateral versus bilateral upper limb exercise therapy after stroke: a systematic review. J Rehabil Med. 2012, 44:106-117. 10.2340\/16501977-0928","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216357","article-title":"Comparison of bilateral and unilateral upper limb training in people with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Chen PM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen PM, Kwong PW, Lai CK, Ng SS. Comparison of bilateral and unilateral upper limb training in people with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019, 14:e0216357. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0216357","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.01.005","article-title":"Bilateral movement training and stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"244","author":"Stewart KC","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stewart KC, Cauraugh JH, Summers JJ. Bilateral movement training and stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci. 2006, 244:89-95. 10.1016\/j.jns.2006.01.005","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/499491-effectiveness-of-bilateral-arm-training-on-upper-limb-functional-mobility-in-stroke-survivors","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T02:34:45Z","timestamp":1781577285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/499491-effectiveness-of-bilateral-arm-training-on-upper-limb-functional-mobility-in-stroke-survivors"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"references-count":35,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.110927","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]}}}